Pathogens Study Guide

Question 1

Epidemiology

Answer 1

Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people

Question 2

Outbreak

Answer 2

A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease

Question 3

Endemic

Answer 3

a disease commonly found in an area

Question 4

Pandemic

Answer 4

a widespread outbreak of a disease

Question 5

Epidemic

Answer 5

a localized outbreak of a disease

Question 6

Nosocomial

Answer 6

hospital acquired infection

Question 7

Infection

Answer 7

the invasion and growth of germs in the body

Question 8

Disease

Answer 8

a disorder or structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that has a known cause and a distinctive group of symptoms

Question 9

Host

Answer 9

an organism that carries a disease, supports the lift of a specific pathogen

Question 10

Pathogen

Answer 10

An organism that causes disease

Question 11

Direct contact

Answer 11

Disease transmission that occurs when a susceptible host touches an infected individual or is exposed to their body fluids.

Question 12

Indirect contact

Answer 12

Disease transmission that occurs when a susceptible host inhales infected particles, touches an infected object, or is bitten by an infected insect.

Question 13

innate immunity

Answer 13

non-specific immune disease present since birth

Question 13

Antigen

Answer 13

something that evokes an immune response

Question 14

Acquired immunity

Answer 14

learned immunity, only gained after exposure, specific disease

Question 15

T-cells

Answer 15

immune system cells that matured in the thymus that attacks antigens

Question 16

Antibodies

Answer 16

a protein made by the immune system that attacks antigens

Question 17

B-cells

Answer 17

immune system cells matured in the bone marrow that produce antibodies

Question 18

What is a protist?

Answer 18

a single-celled organism that can cause disease

Question 18

vaccine

Answer 18

something that is taken to build artificial immunity to a disease

Question 18

What is a virus?

Answer 18

non-living, submicroscopic infective agents that typically comprise an RNA or DNA core of a genetic material surrounded by a protein coat

Question 18

Immunity

Answer 18

being resistant to an infection

Question 18

What is a prion?

Answer 18

misfolded proteins, proliferate by making normal proteins convert to the abnormal form that causes disease

Question 19

What is helminth?

Answer 19

parasites/worms, a large eukaryotic, multicellular, parasitic worm

Question 19

Etiology

Answer 19

cause of a disease

Question 20

What is bacteria?

Answer 20

a single-celled, prokaryotic microorganism

Question 20

What is fungi?

Answer 20

parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll

Question 21

What is herd immunity? How is it obtained by population

Answer 21

an artificially obtained immunity, it is caused when the majority of the population has immunity to a specific pathogen due to a vaccine

Question 22

What are the three bacteria shapes?

Answer 22

Bacillus(Rod Shaped), Coccus(Sphere Shaped), Sprillus(Corkscrew Shaped)

Question 23

What are the different types of bacterial cell arrangements?

Answer 23

individual, cluster, chain

Question 24

What is gram positive bacteria?

Answer 24

THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer in the cells wall, no cell membrane, holds onto crystal purple stain

Question 25

What is gram negative bacteria?

Answer 25

THIN PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer in the cell wall, SURROUNDED BY CELL MEMBRANE, controls what goes in and out of cell, dissolved by alcohol gram staining

Question 26

What type of bacteria is more difficult to fight off?

Answer 26

Gram negative because there are more components to the cell membrane which can mutate and develop antibiotic resistance