Pathogens- Paper 1

Question 1

What are communicable diseases?

Answer 1

Diseases caused by pathogens that can be transmitted from one individual to another

Question 2

Define ‘pathogens’.

Answer 2

Microorganisms that cause diseases

Question 3

Define ‘health’.

Answer 3

State of physical and mental well-being

Question 4

Suggest three factors that affect health.

Answer 4

Diet/Stress/life situations (eg. Hygiene)/pathogens/immune system

Question 5

State the four types of pathogens.

Answer 5

Bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi

Question 6

How do bacteria make you ill?

Answer 6

Reproduce rapidly and damage cells + Produce toxins

Question 7

How do viruses make you ill?

Answer 7

Produce inside body cells, causing damage

Question 8

How can pathogens be spread?

Answer 8

By air/droplet infection, direct contact, water

Question 9

State one method to prevent the spread of disease.

Answer 9

Isolation; Maintain good hygiene; Destroy vectors; Vaccination

Question 10

Name a viral disease that leads to blindness and brain damage.

Answer 10

Measles

Question 11

How can measles spread?

Answer 11

Droplet infection

Question 12

Name the pathogen that causes AIDS.

Answer 12

HIV (Human immunodefiency virus)

Question 13

How can AIDS be spread?

Answer 13

Sexual contact; Exchange of bodily fluids (shared needles, blood transfusion)

Question 14

How can AIDS be treated?

Answer 14

Antiretrovial drugs to control (not cure) it

Question 15

Name a viral disease in plants.

Answer 15

Tobacco mosaic virus

Question 16

Describe the appearance of a plant infected with tobacco mosaic virus.

Answer 16

Mosaic pattern of discoloration on leaves

Question 17

How does tobacco mosaic virus affect the plants?

Answer 17

Destroy chloroplasts, so reduce photosynthesis

Question 18

How can tobacco mosaic virus be spread?

Answer 18

Direct contact/Vectors

Question 19

Viral diseases can be cured by antibiotics. True or false?

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

Where can Salmonella bacteria be found?

Answer 20

Raw meat, chickens, eggs

Question 21

State one symptom of Salmonella poisoning.

Answer 21

Fever/Abdominal cramps/diarrhoea/vomiting

Question 22

Which pathogen causes gonorrhoea?

Answer 22

Bacteria

Question 23

How does gonorrhoea spread?

Answer 23

Sexual contact

Question 24

State a symptom of gonorrhoea.

Answer 24

Yellow/green discharge from penis/vagina; pain on urination

Question 25

State a long-term effect of gonorrhoea.

Answer 25

Long-term pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancies

Question 26

How can the spread of gonorrhoea be stopped?

Answer 26

Use condom; Limit sexual partners

Question 27

How can we use Agrobacterium tumefaciens in plants?

Answer 27

They cause galls –> genetic manipulation

Question 28

How can bacterial diseases be treated?

Answer 28

Antibiotics

Question 29

Name a fungal disease in humans.

Answer 29

Athlete’s foot

Question 30

Which pathogen causes rose black spot?

Answer 30

Fungi

Question 31

State a symptom of rose black spot.

Answer 31

Damages leaves

Question 32

Which pathogen causes malaria.

Answer 32

Protists

Question 33

How is malaria spread?

Answer 33

By female Anopheles mosquitoes

Question 34

How does malaria affect the body?

Answer 34

Damages blood and liver cells

Question 35

State a symptom of malaria.

Answer 35

Fevers, shaking

Question 36

How can the spread of malaria be stopped?

Answer 36

Use mosquito nets; Use insecticides; Remove standing water; Take antimalarial drugs