Pathogens and Disease Flashcards

Question

E. Nosocomial

Answer 1

Acinetobacter baumanii

Answer 2

transfer of a virus from mother to baby/foetus -includes HIV-1, german measles (rubella) and syphilis

Answer 3

Not spread from person to person but diseases is rather contracted from infectious agent

Answer 4

tetanus by Clostridium tetani (spores) Legionnaires disease caused by Legionella pneumophila -The bacterium maintains a symbiotic relationship with amoeba in water sources (including water cooling systems like air conditioners) and it is contracted by inhaling the aerosol

Answer 5

Acute Subclinical persistent/chronic latent Slowly progressive

Answer 6

A sudden or rapid onset of disease which can be quickly resolved by robust innate immune responese by the host or may kill the host -Influenza (kills old but not young) -scarlet fever

Answer 7

An infection resultin in no detectable signs of disease, no symptoms, although infected individuals can be infectious -HIV-1, Syphilis, Typhoid

Answer 8

Typhoid colonises gut and has high mortality rate (20%) -In certain people (2%-5%), they carry the virus even after they have recovered and can spread it. -Typhoid Mary had poor hygiene which caused her to infect others

Answer 9

It is not cleared by host and remains active with hosts immune system immune system keeps P in control HCV and leprosy

Answer 10

A dormant or inactive viral infection that may become productive under appropriate conditions -Varicella Zoster -HSV 1,2 HIV-1 -Syphilis

Answer 11

A disease that ultimately causes irreversible damage to host -HIV-1, syphilis or Lyme disease

Answer 12

Causes disease in host, regardless of immune or health status -Vibrio cholera

Answer 13

Causes disease in compromised host, where protective barriers, immune function or normal flora are sub-optimal or lacking -Situations that compromise the host defences -Clostridum difficile

Answer 14

The degree to which an organism is pathogenic (how effective it is at causing disease) -It is a continuuk ranging from harmless and only under exceptional conditions (lactobacillus) to almost always cause infection (Yersinia pestis) -It also determines severity of disease as increased virulence results in greater disease severity and mortality

Answer 15

Median infectious dose -It is the number of pathogen cells or virions required to cause active infection in 50% of inoculated animals

Answer 16

Median lethal dose -It is the number of pathogen cells, virions or toxin required to kill in 50% of infected animals

Answer 17

Highly virulent pathogens show little difference in number of cells needed to kill 100% to 50% as they are very successful at infecting and killing -Moderate virulence leads to lineard trend of mortality rate

Answer 18

-The decrease or loss of virulence -When P are kept in a lab culture rather than isolated from diseased animals, their virulence decreases or is lost as it does not need them to grow -Attenuated strains are often used to make vaccines especially before RNA vaccines like Edmonston strain of measles or Sabin polio vaccine

Answer 19

-Isolate virus from diseased patient -Mulitple passages of virus are grown in non human host (primates) -multiple passages of virus in mouse embryos -multiple passages of virus in chicken embryos -Final preperation of attenuated vaccine in fertilised chicken eggs -Administration of vaccine to susceptible individual to elicit immune response without disease symptoms

Answer 20

-Contact -Adhesion -Invasion -Infection The pathogen must gain entry to host, travel to loaction to establish an infection, evade or overcome host's immune response and cause damage to host -The cycle is completed when pathogen exists host and transmitted to new host

Answer 21

Molecular tools that allow virulence to be successful