Pathogens

Question 1

What is a microorganism?

Answer 1

A microscopic organism

Question 2

What is microbiology?

Answer 2

Branch of science

Question 3

What is a pathogen?

Answer 3

Induces infectious diseases

Question 4

What sorts of pathogens exist?

Answer 4

Bacteria, virus, fungi, prions, protozoa, endoparasites, ectoparasites

Question 5

What are bacterias characteristics?

Answer 5

Unicellular, prokaryotic, 0.5-5 um, shape differentation

Question 6

What is virulence?

Answer 6

The degree of pathogenicity, capacity to cause disease,

Question 7

What is a cell walls structure?

Answer 7

Peptidogylcan, murein

Question 8

What colour is gram positive and gram negative?

Answer 8

Purple and Pink

Question 9

What is the microbacterium?

Answer 9

Acid fast, M tuberculosis, M bovis,

Question 10

What are endotoxins?

Answer 10

Outer membrane of gram negative, creates toxicity, released during cell growth, causes damage to host, destroys health

Question 11

What are pili and fimbriae?

Answer 11

Short hair on surface, bacteria have two pili (conjugation or attachment)

Question 12

What are conjugation pilli?

Answer 12

DNA transferred gives genetic variability to host, antibiotic resistance is transmitted

Question 13

What are attachment pilli?

Answer 13

Contribute to pathogencity, facilitating colonisation,

Question 14

What is glycocalyx?

Answer 14

Capsule - protective structure

Slime layer - 11, thinner

Question 15

Other pathogenic properties?

Answer 15

Endospores - dormant, resistant to hostile physical and chemical conditions, destroying them very difficult,

Question 16

Bacterial replication?

Answer 16

Duplicate themselves, forms a daughter cell, binary fission

Question 17

Three types of bacteria evolution?

Answer 17

Transformation - uptake of naked DNA
Transduction - phage mediated uptake
Conjugation - uptake requiring two types bacteria

Question 18

Three other types of prokaryotes?

Answer 18

Rickettsias, chlamydias, mycoplasms

Question 19

What is rickettsia bacteria?

Answer 19

Obligate, intracellular, gram negative, cocci, mammals are hosts, transmission from ticks, typhus, spotted fever,

Question 20

What is chlamydia bacteria?

Answer 20

Obligate, intracellular, share characteristics with bacteria,
Suis - pigs
Psticittate - birds
Abortus - abortion

Question 21

What is microplasm?

Answer 21

Genus with over 100 species, lack a cell wall, only survive a few days, vulnerable to disinfectants,

Question 22

What is fungi?

Answer 22

Single celled or multicellular, subdivided based on characteristics,

Question 23

Avian aspergillosis……

Answer 23

Occurs in poultry, pheunomia, acute disease, chronic infection, source (mouldy feed, poor sanitation, high humidity)

Question 24

What is dermatophytes?

Answer 24

Infections of keratinized epithelium, ringworm, zoonotic disease

Question 25

Yeast disease examples?

Answer 25

Cattle - matisis, rumenitis Dogs and cats - cutaneous infection Birds - mucosa in GIT

Question 26

What are viruses?

Answer 26

Smallest, genetic core, make more viruses, attaches, penetrates replicates

Question 27

What are prions?

Answer 27

Bacterial, viral, fungi, small particle, do not multiply in host, resist to inactivation, radiation treatment, sensitive to denaturing agents, shown to be infections

Question 28

What are neurodegenerative disorders?

Answer 28

Transmissable spongiform encephalopaty, bovine 11, Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease