Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

What is a microorganism?

A

A microscopic organism

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2
Q

What is microbiology?

A

Branch of science

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3
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Induces infectious diseases

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4
Q

What sorts of pathogens exist?

A

Bacteria, virus, fungi, prions, protozoa, endoparasites, ectoparasites

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5
Q

What are bacterias characteristics?

A

Unicellular, prokaryotic, 0.5-5 um, shape differentation

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6
Q

What is virulence?

A

The degree of pathogenicity, capacity to cause disease,

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7
Q

What is a cell walls structure?

A

Peptidogylcan, murein

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8
Q

What colour is gram positive and gram negative?

A

Purple and Pink

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9
Q

What is the microbacterium?

A

Acid fast, M tuberculosis, M bovis,

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10
Q

What are endotoxins?

A

Outer membrane of gram negative, creates toxicity, released during cell growth, causes damage to host, destroys health

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11
Q

What are pili and fimbriae?

A

Short hair on surface, bacteria have two pili (conjugation or attachment)

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12
Q

What are conjugation pilli?

A

DNA transferred gives genetic variability to host, antibiotic resistance is transmitted

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13
Q

What are attachment pilli?

A

Contribute to pathogencity, facilitating colonisation,

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14
Q

What is glycocalyx?

A

Capsule - protective structure

Slime layer - 11, thinner

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15
Q

Other pathogenic properties?

A

Endospores - dormant, resistant to hostile physical and chemical conditions, destroying them very difficult,

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16
Q

Bacterial replication?

A

Duplicate themselves, forms a daughter cell, binary fission

17
Q

Three types of bacteria evolution?

A

Transformation - uptake of naked DNA
Transduction - phage mediated uptake
Conjugation - uptake requiring two types bacteria

18
Q

Three other types of prokaryotes?

A

Rickettsias, chlamydias, mycoplasms

19
Q

What is rickettsia bacteria?

A

Obligate, intracellular, gram negative, cocci, mammals are hosts, transmission from ticks, typhus, spotted fever,

20
Q

What is chlamydia bacteria?

A

Obligate, intracellular, share characteristics with bacteria,
Suis - pigs
Psticittate - birds
Abortus - abortion

21
Q

What is microplasm?

A

Genus with over 100 species, lack a cell wall, only survive a few days, vulnerable to disinfectants,

22
Q

What is fungi?

A

Single celled or multicellular, subdivided based on characteristics,

23
Q

Avian aspergillosis……

A

Occurs in poultry, pheunomia, acute disease, chronic infection, source (mouldy feed, poor sanitation, high humidity)

24
Q

What is dermatophytes?

A

Infections of keratinized epithelium, ringworm, zoonotic disease

25
Q

Yeast disease examples?

A

Cattle - matisis, rumenitis
Dogs and cats - cutaneous infection
Birds - mucosa in GIT

26
Q

What are viruses?

A

Smallest, genetic core, make more viruses, attaches, penetrates replicates

27
Q

What are prions?

A

Bacterial, viral, fungi, small particle, do not multiply in host, resist to inactivation, radiation treatment, sensitive to denaturing agents, shown to be infections

28
Q

What are neurodegenerative disorders?

A

Transmissable spongiform encephalopaty, bovine 11, Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease