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214.102 Pathogenicity and Epidemiology > Pathogenicity and Epidemiology > Flashcards

Pathogenicity and Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an infectious disease?

A

Illness caused by microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa)

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2
Q

Most bacterial infections are _______

A

communicable

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3
Q

What is contagious disease?

A

Is a subset of extremely communicable diseases.

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4
Q

Whats a pathogen?

A

Some that makes you feel sick

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5
Q

What is pathogenicity?

A

a measure of how easily a bug can make you sick

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6
Q

What is a opportunists infection?

A

when some part of you has broken down - and some thing has got in.

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7
Q

Asymptomatic

A

you carry but don’t know you have it

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8
Q

Communicable

A

person to person

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9
Q

Local infection

A

Sits in one part of your body, and doesn’t get to spread out

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10
Q

Systemic

A

generalised infection

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11
Q

Acute disease

A

intensely sick for a short period of time

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12
Q

Chronic disease

A

slow onset and long duration

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13
Q

Carrier status

A

not sick with it but you can infect other people.

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14
Q

latent infections

A

come and go e.g. herpes

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15
Q

How do we measure the capacity of a pathogen to cause disease?

A
  1. Transmission
  2. Invasion and inflammation
  3. Toxigenicity
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16
Q

How do we determine this?

A

ID^50 graph: Infectious dose. (Required to make 50 people exposed, infected.

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17
Q

What do we to say how transmissible a disease is?

A

R naught. Which is the number of people that one sick person will infect. (on average)

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18
Q

How can you catch disease? 8

A 
Respiratory droplets
Dust
Contaminated water
Contaminated objects
Contaminated food
Contaminated soil
Arthropods - biting insects
Zoonotic infections
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19
Q

What are the portals of exits? 5

A 
Coughing and sneezing
Bleeding wounds and puss
Urine
Faeces
Blood
20
Q

What are the human to human routes of transmission of infection?

A

Direct contact (horizontal)
No direct contact
Transplacental (Vertical) mother to baby
Blood borne

21
Q

What are the non human to human routes of transmission of infection?

A 
Soil
Water
Food 
Animals/insects
Fomite (bacterial on a object
22
Q

What is meant by virulence factors?

A

Super powers that the bacteria have to make them toxic.

23
Q

Examples of Virulence i.e. fimbriae?

A

The hairs to burrow through

24
Q

Virulence: Pili?

A

Extend out a long tube and send genetic info to other bacteria

25
Q

Virulence: Capsule?

A

Cells are to slippery (immune system can’t stick to them).

26
Q

Virulence: Biofilm formation?

A

When the bacteria has produced a contiguous mesh over the zone, and it seals the bacteria from your immune system and bodily fluids.

27
Q

Invasion - enzymes produced by bacteria? examples..

A

Coagulase - accelerated clotting

28
Q

2 types of toxin production?

A

Exotoxin and endotoxin

29
Q

What is a exotoxin?

A

Secreted by some living pathogen

30
Q

What is a endotoxin?

A

From within the cell wall and doesn’t get out till the bacteria is destroyed. Most lethal.

31
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

Where they are from and where they are going

32
Q

What is endemic?

A

Confined to one area

33
Q

Epidemic

A

spread from one area to another area

34
Q

Pandemic?

A

all over the world

35
Q

What is a sporadic disease?

A

Comes and goes

36
Q

Reservoir of infection?

A

place where you can find that infectious source

37
Q

Common source?

A

Coming from a water source.

38
Q

Nosocomial

A

Healthcare - got it from the doctors

39
Q

Zoonosis? From

A

Animals

40
Q

What are the 4 stages of infectious disease?

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodrome
  3. Specific illness
  4. Recovery
41
Q

What is the incubation of infectious disease?

A

You are infected but not enough of the bug to create an illness

42
Q

What is the prodrome?

A

Some is coming to get you. Feel down, tired ect

43
Q

Specific illness?

A

The symptoms being inflicted on you

44
Q

Nosocomial can be _______ or ________

A

Local or systemic(whole body)

45
Q

Example of nosocomial infections?

A

Communicable disease
Pathogens within the hospital environment e.g. c diff
Normal flora in patients or health care staff

46
Q

How to control Epidemic disease? 1-5.

A
  1. Report
  2. Identify and attempt to eliminate reservoirs of infection
  3. immunisation programs
  4. treat and isolate
  5. education and sanitation procedures

214.102 Pathogenicity and Epidemiology (1 decks)

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