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M&I: Pathogens & Pathogenesis > Pathogenesis Of Parasitic Infections* > Flashcards

Pathogenesis Of Parasitic Infections* Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main species of schistosomiasis?

A
  • S. Mansoni
  • S. Haematobium
  • S. Japonium
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2
Q

What can schistosomiasis result in?

A

Cercarial dermatitis

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3
Q

What is a key feature of immune response to schistosomiasis?

A

Granuloma formation

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4
Q

What is hepatointestinal schistomiasis caused by?

A

Immune response to eggs

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5
Q

What causes cercarial dermatitis?

A

Allergic-type reaction to cercariae from animal or bird schistomes

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6
Q

What causes urinary schistosomiasis?

A

Repeated inflammatory episodes resulting in neoplastic changes

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7
Q

What is onchocerciasis?

A

Major blinding disease

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8
Q

What is onchocerciasis caused by?

A

Filarial parasite

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9
Q

What is onchocerciasis transmitted by?

A

Black flies

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10
Q

What is the vector of onchocerciasis?

A

Simulium

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11
Q

How do black flies transmit onchocerciasis?

A

Takes a blood meal and transmits larvae to the skin

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12
Q

How does simulium act as a vector for onchocerciasis?

A

Digs a hole in the skin and creates a pool of blood which it then feeds from

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13
Q

What is the pathology of onchocerciasis?

A

Repeated inflammatory episodes caused by microfilariae → permanent damage and scarring of skin and eyes

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14
Q

What are the skin disease types of onchocerciasis?

A
  • Acute papular onchodermatitis
  • Chronic onchodermatitis
  • Sowda
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15
Q

What are the anterior segment eye diseases caused by onchocerciasis?

A
  • Punctuate keratitis
  • Acute iridocyclitis
  • Sclerosing keratitis
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16
Q

What are the posterior segment eye diseases caused by onchocerciasis?

A
  • Optic neuritis/atrophy
  • Chorioretinopathy
17
Q

What is the immune pathogenesis of onchocerciasis?

A

Acute infection → stimulation of Th2 cells → eosinophil and B cell activation → inflammatory response

18
Q

What are some examples of hard tick bourne disease?

A
  • Tick typhus
  • Viral encephalitis
  • Viral fevers
  • Viral haemorrhagic fevers
  • Tularaemia
  • Tick paralysis
  • Human babesiosis
19
Q

What are some examples of soft tick bourne disease?

A
  • Q fever
  • Relapsing fever
20
Q

What happens in tick paralysis?

A

Progressive flaccidity due to a failure of acetylcholine liberation in the neuromuscular junction

21
Q

What do head lice do?

A

Suck blood from scalp and lay eggs on hair

22
Q

How are head lice spread?

A

Close contact

23
Q

What do body lice do?

A
  • Suck blood from body
  • Lay eggs on clothing
24
Q

How are body lice spread?

A
  • Bodily contact
  • sharing of clothing or bedding
25
Q

How do botflies spread disease?

A
  • Catches mosquito mid flight and lays its eggs
  • When the mosquito lands on the animal it brushes its eggs
26
Q

How can you control parasitic infections?

A
  • Behaviours
  • Environmental interventions
  • Poverty reduction
27
Q

What types of behaviour control parasitic infections?

A
  • Education, hand washing and hygiene behaviours
28
Q

What types of environmental interventions control parasitic infections?

A
  • Spraying of residual insecticides for household vectors
  • Mosquito nets
  • Improved housing
  • Sewage disposal
  • Potable water
  • Swamp drainage
29
Q

Why must parasitic treatment be given periodically over long periods of time?

A
  • Re infections are rapid or the treatment kills larval rather than adult stages

M&I: Pathogens & Pathogenesis (7 decks)

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