Pathogenesis And Parasitic Infections Flashcards
Describe the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Acute lesions
- tissue damage caused by inflammatory response to presence of parasites in macrophages
- parasite killing by Th1 pro-inflammatory responses and macrophage killing
Latency
- parasites remain present long term
Relapse (rare)
- alteration in immune system may trigger a relapse
What are the three main species of schisomiasis?
Schistosoma Manson
S. Haematobium
S. Japonicum
What is schistosomiasis?
Cercarial dermatitis
Exposure to cercariae from animal or bird schistosomes
Allergic type reaction
Requires pre sensitisation
What are the key features of granulosa formation from immune response?
Parasite eggs become organised in granulomas
Repeated insults and tissue repair leads to fibrosis and organ damage
What is the pathology of hepato intestinal schistosomiasis?
Immune response to eggs
What is onchocerciasis?
Major blinding disease
Caused by filarial parasite
Transmitted by black flies
Describe the geographical distribution of onchocerciasis
Latin America
Equatorial Africa
What is the pathology of onchocerciasis?
Repeated episodes of inflammation to presence of micro filariae leads to permanent damage and scarring in skin and eyes
What are three types of sucking lice?
Head lice
Body lice
Lousiness related to sanitation
What are head lice?
Suck blood from scalp and lay eggs on hair
Common and easily spread by close contact
What are body lice?
Suck blood from body and lay eggs on clothing
Uncommon and spread by bodily contact, sharing of clothing or bedding
Vector diseases
What is lousiness related to sanitation?
Crowded conditions
Long periods without bathing or changing
What is Pthiridae/crab lice?
Broad flat lice that appear crab like
Mid and hind leg are stout with very large claws
Abdominal segment have distinct lateral lobes
Single species confined to HUMAN PUBIC REIGON
Spread by contact - sex
Bites cause irritation and rash
What drugs are used to treat Protozoa infections?
Timidazole
Metronidazole
What drugs are used to treat helminths infections?
Albendazole
Praziquantel
