Pathogen parade week 1 Flashcards
Adenovirus characteristics
dsDNA
Icosahedral shape/nucleocapsid
No envelope
70-90 nm
51 types; share a common group-specific antigen
Rod-structures (fibres) with knobs that attach the virus to cells
Adenovirus replication
s/p attachment, endocytosis, and unceasing of viral DNA - the virus is replicated in the nucleus with DdRp
- early mRNA = enzymes for replication
- late mRNA = structural proteins that are assembled in the nucleus and released
Adenovirus diseases
PRPGMIKHHCD - Purple Robots Prefer Green Marbles In Kitchens, Hiding Hats, Creating Drama
pharyncojunctival fever
respiratory illness epidemics
pneumonia
gastroenteritis
mesenteric enteritis
intussusception
keratoconjunctivitis
hepatitis
hemorrhagic cystitis
CNS disease
disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals
Adenovirus transmission
respiratory droplets
eye-eye contamination
Adenovirus pathogenesis
infect epithelium in the respiratory tract, eyes, and intestines
can spread to the lymphoid tissue and persist in the adenoids
viral proteins can interfere with immune defense where they block interferon and Tc cells
Adenovirus treatment/prevention
Ribavirin and Cidofovir in severe infection
Live oral vaccine (types 4+7 enteric-coated capsules)
Staphylococcus aureus characteristics
G positive coccus cells in clusters
Non-fastidious
Aerobic/Anaerobic respiration
Staphylococcus aureus diseases
boils
skin sepsis
post-operative wound infections
scalded skin syndrome
catheter-associated infection
foodborne illness
septicemia
endocarditis
toxic shock syndrome
osteomyelitis
pneumonia
Staphylococcus aureus transmission
skin (nose/perineum)
survives drying and is tolerant of salts/nitrites
Staphylococcus aureus treatment/prevention
Abx: b-lactamase stable PCNs
Mupirocin can be used topically
no vaccine
in hospitals, there are multiple drug resistance (methicillin and vancomycin-resistant)
Candida albicans characteristics
dimorphic fungus (yeast- normal; hyphae- invasive)
opportunistic infection in suppressed and abx-treated individuals
Candida albicans diseases
candidiasis
thrust
Candida albicans transmission
apart of normal flora (skin, mouth, intestines)
Candida albicans pathogenesis
localized mucocutaneous lesions
invasion of organs (disseminated)
Candida albicans treatment/prevention
topical/oral antifungals
nystatin, miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole
amphotericin (disseminated)
Giardia intestinalis characteristics
intestinal flagellate (lives in small bowel), makes cysts in fever
Giardia intestinalis transmission
fecal-oral
swallowing of cysts in contaminated water
animal reservoirs of infection
Giardia intestinalis pathogenesis
large number of trophozoites (motile) – diarrhea, impaired absorption, severe in immunocompromised individuals
Giardia intestinalis diseases
giardiasis
Giardia intestinalis treatment/prevention
metronidazole, tinidazole.
improved sanitation and water treatment
Genus taenia types (2)
T. saginata
T. solium
Genus taenia characteristics
large tapeworms in intestines
Genus taenia diseases
taeniasis (beef/pork)
cysticercosis (larval stages)
Genus taenia pathogenesis
adults - asymptomatic
cysticercosis - convulsions/neuro ses
Genus taenia transmission
eating raw and undercooked meat
contaminated fecal matter (cysticercosis)
Genus taenia treatment/prevention
niclosamide, praziquantel for intestinal worms
albendazole + praziquantel under steroid cover for cerebral cysticercosis
adequate cooking of meat, hygiene, prevention of contaminated feces in grazing/feeding areas for animals
