Pathogen parade week 1

Question 1

Adenovirus characteristics

Answer 1

dsDNA
Icosahedral shape/nucleocapsid
No envelope
70-90 nm
51 types; share a common group-specific antigen
Rod-structures (fibres) with knobs that attach the virus to cells

Question 2

Adenovirus replication

Answer 2

s/p attachment, endocytosis, and unceasing of viral DNA - the virus is replicated in the nucleus with DdRp
- early mRNA = enzymes for replication
- late mRNA = structural proteins that are assembled in the nucleus and released

Question 3

Adenovirus diseases

PRPGMIKHHCD - Purple Robots Prefer Green Marbles In Kitchens, Hiding Hats, Creating Drama

Answer 3

pharyncojunctival fever
respiratory illness epidemics
pneumonia
gastroenteritis
mesenteric enteritis
intussusception
keratoconjunctivitis
hepatitis
hemorrhagic cystitis
CNS disease
disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals

Question 4

Adenovirus transmission

Answer 4

respiratory droplets
eye-eye contamination

Question 5

Adenovirus pathogenesis

Answer 5

infect epithelium in the respiratory tract, eyes, and intestines
can spread to the lymphoid tissue and persist in the adenoids
viral proteins can interfere with immune defense where they block interferon and Tc cells

Question 6

Adenovirus treatment/prevention

Answer 6

Ribavirin and Cidofovir in severe infection
Live oral vaccine (types 4+7 enteric-coated capsules)

Question 7

Staphylococcus aureus characteristics

Answer 7

G positive coccus cells in clusters
Non-fastidious
Aerobic/Anaerobic respiration

Question 8

Staphylococcus aureus diseases

Answer 8

boils
skin sepsis
post-operative wound infections
scalded skin syndrome
catheter-associated infection
foodborne illness
septicemia
endocarditis
toxic shock syndrome
osteomyelitis
pneumonia

Question 9

Staphylococcus aureus transmission

Answer 9

skin (nose/perineum)
survives drying and is tolerant of salts/nitrites

Question 10

Staphylococcus aureus treatment/prevention

Answer 10

Abx: b-lactamase stable PCNs
Mupirocin can be used topically
no vaccine

in hospitals, there are multiple drug resistance (methicillin and vancomycin-resistant)

Question 11

Candida albicans characteristics

Answer 11

dimorphic fungus (yeast- normal; hyphae- invasive)
opportunistic infection in suppressed and abx-treated individuals

Question 12

Candida albicans diseases

Answer 12

candidiasis
thrust

Question 13

Candida albicans transmission

Answer 13

apart of normal flora (skin, mouth, intestines)

Question 14

Candida albicans pathogenesis

Answer 14

localized mucocutaneous lesions
invasion of organs (disseminated)

Question 15

Candida albicans treatment/prevention

Answer 15

topical/oral antifungals
nystatin, miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole
amphotericin (disseminated)

Question 16

Giardia intestinalis characteristics

Answer 16

intestinal flagellate (lives in small bowel), makes cysts in fever

Question 17

Giardia intestinalis transmission

Answer 17

fecal-oral
swallowing of cysts in contaminated water
animal reservoirs of infection

Question 18

Giardia intestinalis pathogenesis

Answer 18

large number of trophozoites (motile) – diarrhea, impaired absorption, severe in immunocompromised individuals

Question 18

Giardia intestinalis diseases

Answer 18

giardiasis

Question 19

Giardia intestinalis treatment/prevention

Answer 19

metronidazole, tinidazole.
improved sanitation and water treatment

Question 20

Genus taenia types (2)

Answer 20

T. saginata
T. solium

Question 21

Genus taenia characteristics

Answer 21

large tapeworms in intestines

Question 22

Genus taenia diseases

Answer 22

taeniasis (beef/pork)
cysticercosis (larval stages)

Question 23

Genus taenia pathogenesis

Answer 23

adults - asymptomatic
cysticercosis - convulsions/neuro ses

Question 23

Genus taenia transmission

Answer 23

eating raw and undercooked meat
contaminated fecal matter (cysticercosis)

Question 24

Genus taenia treatment/prevention

Answer 24

niclosamide, praziquantel for intestinal worms
albendazole + praziquantel under steroid cover for cerebral cysticercosis
adequate cooking of meat, hygiene, prevention of contaminated feces in grazing/feeding areas for animals