patho xam 5 - neuro Flashcards
Which bleed could result in hydrocephaly?
subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke
Which sided stroke would you see slowness in responding. issues talking, and with logical reasoning?
left-sided
Which imaging technique can you see smaller infarcts?
MRI
What factors does the GCS look at?
eye opening, verbal response, motor response
What type of axonal injury if:
- coma >24 hrs, no brain stem involvement s/s
moderate DIA - a type of TBI
A 65 year old pt has suffered a concussion, and they are having trouble with their short term memory. Would you recommend a CT?
yes - risk factors to elevate to CT:
- trauma above clavicles
- gcs <15 2 hrs post injury
- anticoagulants on board or coagulopathy
- alcohol/drug
- persistent vomiting
- neuro defecit
- seizure
- short term memory defecit
a concussion results in prolonged loss of consciousness, prolonged impairment, and seizures. What kind of concussion is it?
complex
simple - resolves in hrs-10days
coup contra coup results in what type of injury?
axonal injury (DIA)
a TBI results in a midline shift, and an arterial bleed. What kind of injury is this?
epidural hematoma
also - lucid interval then rapid deterioration
Which neurodegenerative disease would you suspect if the patient presents with peripheral neuropathy and a recent diagnosis of an upper resp. infection?
GB -
ascending
autoimmune
60% full recovery after 2 years
Which tell-tale sign of Parkinsons is missing? resting tremor, postural changes, rigidity
Bradykinesia
Which neurodegenerative disease affects more women than men?
MS
- visual disturbances
-relapse remitting
-autoimmune
Why does a parasympathomimetic help with myesthenia gravis?
myesthenia gravis causes blockade of acetylcholine receptors, so bulking up ACH accumulation at the NMJ helps to subvert this blockade
muscle weakness - ptosois, diplopia
-esp repetitive motions
rest improves
What are differences between delirium and dementia?
onset - rapid vs insidious
deficit: delirium - attention, dementia - short term memory
fluctuations - delirium fluctuates throughout day, dementia does not
hallucinations - dementia less common
What neurodegenerative disorder can result in dysphagia at the late stages?
MS
GB - diaphragm dysfunction - ventilator
What neurodegenerative disorder can result in dysphagia at the late stages?
MS
GB - diaphragm dysfunction - ventilator
What is missing from Cushing’s triad?
HR down, widening pulse pressure
abnormal respirations
What are the differences between SDH and subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke?
SDH - venous, slow, above arachnoid membrane (below dura), trauma
SHS- arterial, below arachnoid layer, can be caused by HTN, can cause hydrocephalus because of interaction with CFS, worst HA of life
Which type of stroke is an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) likely to cause?
Hemorrhagic - intercerebral
