Patho Unit 2: Chapter 41

Question 1

Give the hormones associated with the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Answer 1

ADH + oxytocin produced by hypothalamus

Question 2

How does the hypothalamus control the release of hormones

Answer 2

• Action potentials (posterior)

-Releasing hormones (anterior)

Question 3

Define ADH

Answer 3

“Retard dehydration”- reabsorbs water

Question 4

What is diabetes insipidus?

Answer 4

Insufficient production/ response to ADH

Question 5

Define neurogenic DI

Answer 5

Insufficient ADH caused by head trauma or tumors

Question 6

Pathophysiology of DI

Answer 6

Inability to concentrate urine

Question 7

Define nephrogenic DI

Answer 7

Receptors of kidney tubules don’t respond due to damage to kidneys

Question 8

What is syndrome of inappropriate anti-diriuertic hormone secretion?

Answer 8

High levels of ADH needed or not

Question 9

What is the cause of SIADH?

Answer 9

Ectopic ADH by small cell carcinoma of lungs

Question 10

Pathophysiology of SIADH ?

Answer 10

I. Increases renal duct permeability to water by aquaporins

2. Dilution hypernatremia

Question 11

Clinical manifestations SIADH

Answer 11

Muscle cramps

Question 12

How is DI diagnosed?

Answer 12

1. measure ADH
2. High plasma osmolality/ hypernatremia and low urine osmotality

Question 13

How is SIADH diagnosed?

Answer 13

1. High ADH with hypoosmolality and hyponatremia
2. Natriuresis

Question 14

What are the 6 hormones made by the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 14

1. Growth hormone (GH)
2. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
3. Arenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
4. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
5. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
6. Prolactin

Question 15

Define tropic hormones

Answer 15

Regulate functions of other glands

Question 16

Which hormones are tropins?

Answer 16

-TSH
-ACTH
-FSH
-LH

Question 17

List the names of the releasing hormones that trigger the 6 major anterior hormones

Answer 17

-GHRH growth hormone-releasing hormone
-TRH thyroidtropin- releasing hormone
-CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone
-GnRH gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- PRH prolactin-releasing hormone

Question 18

Define hyperpituitarism

Answer 18

Increased or excess secretion of pituitary hormones

Question 19

Hyperpituitarism most common cause and important brain structure that gets damaged by pituitary tumor (adenomas)

Answer 19

Optic chiasma-vision loss

Question 20

Define hypopituitarism and give the most common cause

Answer 20

Decreased secretion of pituitary hormones

Cause: congenital