Pathology Test 3 > Patho Test 3 > Flashcards

Patho Test 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

two diseases that causes COPD

A
  • chronic bronchitis

* emphysema

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1
Q

COPD

A

•chronic obstruction of the airway

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4
Q

Chronic bronchitis; location

A
  • bronchi/bronchioles

* mucus gland hyperplasia

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5
Q

Chronic bronchitis; radiographic appearance

A
  • dirty chest-bronchovascular markings

* tram lines-tapered tubular lines

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6
Q

Chronic bronchitis; treatment

A
  • antibiotics

* bronchial dilators

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7
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A
  • chronic inflammation of the bronchi leads to severe coughing sputum
  • excess mucus production leads to obstruction
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8
Q

90% of chronic bronchitis are associated with

A

•smoking

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9
Q

Emphysema; location

A

•Alveoli/alveolar septa wall

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10
Q

As the walls between alveoli are destroyed during emphysema these tiny air sacs transform into large air filled spaces called

A

•Bullae

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11
Q

Bullae may rupture allowing

A

•air into the lungs “pneumothorax” causes atelectasis (collapse lung)

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12
Q

Emphysema; radiographic appearance

A
  • flattening of the domes

* Radiolucent sternum space

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13
Q

Emphysema; treatment

A
  • no cure

* only treatment for symptoms

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14
Q

Emphysema technique

A
  • reduce exposure

* cuz of the large amount of air trapped (radiolucent)

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15
Q

Asthma; location

A

•bronchi/bronchial tree

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16
Q

Extrinsic asthma

A
  • common allergies
  • dust
  • pollen
  • dander…
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17
Q

Intrinsic asthma

A

•asthma attack due to emotion/exercise

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18
Q

Asthma

A
  • Sever narrowing of the airway
  • spasms of the smooth muscle
  • all due to various stimuli (allergens)
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19
Q

Bronchiectasis; location

A

•segments of the lower lobe

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20
Q

Bronchiectasis is nearly always a result of a

A

•bacterial infection

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21
Q

Bronchiectasis; treatment

A

•vaccines/antibiotics

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22
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

•occupational exposure to inhaling foreign particles

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23
Q

3 of the pneumoconiosis

A
  • silicosis
  • asbestosis
  • anthracosis
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24
Q

Silicosis; location

A

•upper lobes/parenchyma

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25
Q

Silicosis

A
  • most common work related lung disease

* inhalation of sand/dust/silica

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26
Treatment for all cases of pneumoconiosis
* prevent further exposure | * breath clean air
27
Silicosis; radiographic appearance
* multiple nodular shadows scattered throughout the lung | * produces "egg shell" appearance
28
Asbestosis
•develops in workers handling insulation/asbestos
29
Asbestosis; location
* lung parenchyma | * pleural lining
30
Major complications of asbestosis
•mesothelioma malignant pleural tumor
31
Asbestosis; radiographic appearance
•pleural thickening calcified plaques
32
Anthracosis
* affects coal miners | * coal particles inhaled lead to "black lung"
33
Solitary pulmonary nodule; radiographic appearance/technique
* popcorn calcification 3cm or less | * low kVp to demonstrate calcification
34
Bronchial adenomas
•are neoplasms of low grade malignancy
35
Bronchial adenoma; radiographic appearance
•atelectasis
36
The most common primary malignant lung neoplasm is
Bronchogenic carcinoma
37
The most common type of lung cancer is
•squamous carcinoma
38
Bronchogenic carcinoma; radiographic appearance
* solitary lesion | * atelectasis
39
Needle biopsy is commonly used to diagnose..
•Bronchogenic carcinoma
40
Solitary pulmonary nodule; location
•throughout the lungs
41
Up to one third of pt with cancer develope
•pulmonary metastases
42
Pulmonary metastases develope from
•hematogenous/lymphatic spread
43
Pulmonary metastasis; radiographic appearance
•snowstorm nodules
44
The most common pathology involving the lungs of hospitalized pt.
•pulmonary embolism
45
Pulmonary embolism
•95% arise from thrombi that develop in lower extremities because of venous stasis
46
Pulmonary embolism; location
* lower lobes | * lower extremities
47
Pulmonary embolism; radiographic appearance
•hampton's hump
48
Pulmonary embolism; treatment
* anticoagulants | * filter placement
49
Septic embolism
Bacteria that enters the pulmonary circulation & remains trapped within the lung
50
Septic embolism arise from
* the heart | * peripheral veins
51
Septic embolism; treatment
•antibiotics to destroy infection
52
Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
•abnormal communication from pulmonary artery to pulmonary vein
53
Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula; location
•lower lobes
54
Atelectasis a condition which there is
* Diminishing air within the lung * reduced lung volume * collapse lung
55
Atelectasis most commonly results from
Bronchial obstruction
56
Atelectasis; treatment
•expansion
57
Adult respiratory distress syndrome | ARDS
•severe unexpected & life threatening respiratory distress in pt w/variety of surgical disorders
58
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is often referred as
•shock lung cuz it occurs on hypotension/shock pt with no thoracic trauma
59
Intrabronchial foreign bodies
* aspiration of FB | * obstruction often occurs in lower lobes on the right lung/bronchi
60
Intrabronchial Foreign bodies; radiographic appearance
* Atelectasis | * shift of the heart/mediastinal
61
Mediastinal Emphysema (pneumomediastinum)
•occurs from severe coughing, vomiting causes alveolar rupture causing closed pneumothorax
62
Subcutaneous emphysema
* caused by penetrating injury into the lung forcing air into chest wall * palpating skin one can hear/feel crackling sound
63
Pneumothorax
* air in pleural cavity/thorax | * causes stabbing, gunshot, fractured rib, Bullae
64
Pneumothorax; treatment for large/small
Small: •no treatment reabsorption Large: •tube suction
65
Pleural effusion
•fluid in pleural cavity
66
Pleural effusion; radiographic appearance
•air fluid levels in lateral Decub
67
Empyema
•infected liquid "pus" in pleural space
68
Empyema treatment
•needle aspiration/drainage
Pathology Test 3
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