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Pathology Test 3 > Patho Test 3 > Flashcards

Patho Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

two diseases that causes COPD

A
  • chronic bronchitis

* emphysema

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1
Q

COPD

A

•chronic obstruction of the airway

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4
Q

Chronic bronchitis; location

A
  • bronchi/bronchioles

* mucus gland hyperplasia

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5
Q

Chronic bronchitis; radiographic appearance

A
  • dirty chest-bronchovascular markings

* tram lines-tapered tubular lines

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6
Q

Chronic bronchitis; treatment

A
  • antibiotics

* bronchial dilators

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7
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A
  • chronic inflammation of the bronchi leads to severe coughing sputum
  • excess mucus production leads to obstruction
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8
Q

90% of chronic bronchitis are associated with

A

•smoking

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9
Q

Emphysema; location

A

•Alveoli/alveolar septa wall

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10
Q

As the walls between alveoli are destroyed during emphysema these tiny air sacs transform into large air filled spaces called

A

•Bullae

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11
Q

Bullae may rupture allowing

A

•air into the lungs “pneumothorax” causes atelectasis (collapse lung)

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12
Q

Emphysema; radiographic appearance

A
  • flattening of the domes

* Radiolucent sternum space

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13
Q

Emphysema; treatment

A
  • no cure

* only treatment for symptoms

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14
Q

Emphysema technique

A
  • reduce exposure

* cuz of the large amount of air trapped (radiolucent)

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15
Q

Asthma; location

A

•bronchi/bronchial tree

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16
Q

Extrinsic asthma

A
  • common allergies
  • dust
  • pollen
  • dander…
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17
Q

Intrinsic asthma

A

•asthma attack due to emotion/exercise

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18
Q

Asthma

A
  • Sever narrowing of the airway
  • spasms of the smooth muscle
  • all due to various stimuli (allergens)
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19
Q

Bronchiectasis; location

A

•segments of the lower lobe

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20
Q

Bronchiectasis is nearly always a result of a

A

•bacterial infection

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21
Q

Bronchiectasis; treatment

A

•vaccines/antibiotics

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22
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

•occupational exposure to inhaling foreign particles

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23
Q

3 of the pneumoconiosis

A
  • silicosis
  • asbestosis
  • anthracosis
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24
Q

Silicosis; location

A

•upper lobes/parenchyma

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25
Q

Silicosis

A
  • most common work related lung disease

* inhalation of sand/dust/silica

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26
Q

Treatment for all cases of pneumoconiosis

A
  • prevent further exposure

* breath clean air

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27
Q

Silicosis; radiographic appearance

A
  • multiple nodular shadows scattered throughout the lung

* produces “egg shell” appearance

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28
Q

Asbestosis

A

•develops in workers handling insulation/asbestos

29
Q

Asbestosis; location

A
  • lung parenchyma

* pleural lining

30
Q

Major complications of asbestosis

A

•mesothelioma malignant pleural tumor

31
Q

Asbestosis; radiographic appearance

A

•pleural thickening calcified plaques

32
Q

Anthracosis

A
  • affects coal miners

* coal particles inhaled lead to “black lung”

33
Q

Solitary pulmonary nodule; radiographic appearance/technique

A
  • popcorn calcification 3cm or less

* low kVp to demonstrate calcification

34
Q

Bronchial adenomas

A

•are neoplasms of low grade malignancy

35
Q

Bronchial adenoma; radiographic appearance

A

•atelectasis

36
Q

The most common primary malignant lung neoplasm is

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

37
Q

The most common type of lung cancer is

A

•squamous carcinoma

38
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma; radiographic appearance

A
  • solitary lesion

* atelectasis

39
Q

Needle biopsy is commonly used to diagnose..

A

•Bronchogenic carcinoma

40
Q

Solitary pulmonary nodule; location

A

•throughout the lungs

41
Q

Up to one third of pt with cancer develope

A

•pulmonary metastases

42
Q

Pulmonary metastases develope from

A

•hematogenous/lymphatic spread

43
Q

Pulmonary metastasis; radiographic appearance

A

•snowstorm nodules

44
Q

The most common pathology involving the lungs of hospitalized pt.

A

•pulmonary embolism

45
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

•95% arise from thrombi that develop in lower extremities because of venous stasis

46
Q

Pulmonary embolism; location

A
  • lower lobes

* lower extremities

47
Q

Pulmonary embolism; radiographic appearance

A

•hampton’s hump

48
Q

Pulmonary embolism; treatment

A
  • anticoagulants

* filter placement

49
Q

Septic embolism

A

Bacteria that enters the pulmonary circulation & remains trapped within the lung

50
Q

Septic embolism arise from

A
  • the heart

* peripheral veins

51
Q

Septic embolism; treatment

A

•antibiotics to destroy infection

52
Q

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

A

•abnormal communication from pulmonary artery to pulmonary vein

53
Q

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula; location

A

•lower lobes

54
Q

Atelectasis a condition which there is

A
  • Diminishing air within the lung
  • reduced lung volume
  • collapse lung
55
Q

Atelectasis most commonly results from

A

Bronchial obstruction

56
Q

Atelectasis; treatment

A

•expansion

57
Q

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

ARDS

A

•severe unexpected & life threatening respiratory distress in pt w/variety of surgical disorders

58
Q

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is often referred as

A

•shock lung cuz it occurs on hypotension/shock pt with no thoracic trauma

59
Q

Intrabronchial foreign bodies

A
  • aspiration of FB

* obstruction often occurs in lower lobes on the right lung/bronchi

60
Q

Intrabronchial Foreign bodies; radiographic appearance

A
  • Atelectasis

* shift of the heart/mediastinal

61
Q

Mediastinal Emphysema (pneumomediastinum)

A

•occurs from severe coughing, vomiting causes alveolar rupture causing closed pneumothorax

62
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema

A
  • caused by penetrating injury into the lung forcing air into chest wall
  • palpating skin one can hear/feel crackling sound
63
Q

Pneumothorax

A
  • air in pleural cavity/thorax

* causes stabbing, gunshot, fractured rib, Bullae

64
Q

Pneumothorax; treatment for large/small

A

Small:
•no treatment reabsorption
Large:
•tube suction

65
Q

Pleural effusion

A

•fluid in pleural cavity

66
Q

Pleural effusion; radiographic appearance

A

•air fluid levels in lateral Decub

67
Q

Empyema

A

•infected liquid “pus” in pleural space

68
Q

Empyema treatment

A

•needle aspiration/drainage

Pathology Test 3 (1 decks)

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