Patho Quiz 7 (Renal) Flashcards
Tenderness from the kidneys would be felt in what area on the back?
Costovertebral angle
Compounds that are not reabsorbed back in the vasculature are excreted how?
In the urine
What is a normal GFR?
125 mL/min
Which substances filtrate easily across the podocytes to Bowman’s Capsule?
Electrolytes and water.
How much production is necessary for adequate function?
5%
What determines the GFR?
Filtration pressure in the glomeruli, and the permeability of the golerular membrane.
What is the most important physiologic regulator of Glomerular Filtration?
Blood volume
Why can too much Sodium in the blood cause spillage of Glucose into the urine?
The level of sugar exceeds the absorption rate and the sugar is expelled in the urine.
Which BP medication increases the osmolality of the blood?
Mannitol.
What BP medications are K+ sparing?
ACEI, Aldosterone inhibitors
What hormone is secreted by the kidneys and what condition may result from decreased secretion of this hormone?
Erythropoietin; Anemia
How do we know the kidneys are failing?
Urinalysis.
What is normal urine output?
30 mL/hr
OR
0.5 mL/kg/hr
What would you expect on a UA in an infection?
Nitrates
What lab values should not be found (negative) in the urine?
Protein, Nitrates, Blood, Bilirubin, Glucose
Which kidney lab is most indicative of kidney function?
Creatinine.
Which clinical manifestation likely indicates kidney disease?
Pain the the costovertebral angle (late in the disease process).
What is the difference in development in recessive v. dominant Cystic Kidney Disease?
Recessive is evident from childhood.
Dominant is later in life.
What is a growth that is found in children of 2 years old and younger on the kidneys?
Wilm’s tumor.
What is the first sign of a tumor on the kidneys?
Blood in the urine.
What is pyelonephritis and how does it typically start?
Inflammation of the kidneys brought on by UTI (and also systemic bacterial infection from blood stream, less common)
A UTI is considered what type of infection (direction of bacteria)?
Ascending–starts in the meatus and moves upward.
What are glomerulopathies and what is the hallmark manifestation?
Results from alterations in glomerular capillary structure and function; Proteinuria.
What is Glomerulonephritis?
An assortment of immune-mediated conditions that produce inflammation glomeruli and other areas of the kidneys.