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John's 2nd Test > Patho Presentations > Flashcards

Patho Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Which side is elongated for LPO, RPO, LAO, and RAO?

A

LPO-Left side
RPO-Right side

LAO-Right side
RAO-Left side

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2
Q

Affected side positioning for decubitus

A

Affected side down for fluid

Affected side up for free air

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3
Q

What is TB?

How can you tell on a radiograph?

A

Airborne disease from bacteria Myobacterium Tuberculosis

On radiograph, can see enlarged Hilar region on lateral-common in early stages

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4
Q

TB test question

Who is affected by primary and secondary TB?

A

Primary is children

Secondary is adults

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5
Q

What is Ateletasis?

A

Lung collapses as result of obstruction of bronchus or puncture. (Peanut or by surgery) Not life threatening.

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6
Q

Atelectasis Test Question #1:

How do you distinguish between atelectasis and pneumothorax?

A

Atelectasis the mediostinal is pushed toward collapsed lung

Pneumothorax the mediostinal is pushed away from the collapsed lung

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7
Q

Atelectasis Test Question #2

What are the key indicators consistent of diagnosis for atelectasis?

A

Radiodense region of collapsed lung.
Mediostinal shift (towards collapsed lung).
Elevation of diaphragm on same side as collapsed lung.

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8
Q

Positioning for Atelectasis

A

If can stand: PA and lateral (of affected side)

If can’t stand: decubitus (affected side up)

Supine never works

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9
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

Air or gas in pleural cavity, pressure may cause full or partial lung collapse

COPD or trauma are most common

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10
Q

Pneumothorax Test Question

Patients pain is on the right side. What positions do you perform??

A

If can stand: PA and R lateral

If can’t stand: L lateral decubitus

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11
Q

What is COPD?

A

Obstruction of airway making it difficult to release air from lungs.

3rd leading cause of death

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12
Q

COPD Test Question

What is the shape of the diaphragm in a COPD patient?

A

Diaphragm is flattened (normal is curved)

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13
Q

What is pneumoconiosis?

A

Aka asbestosis or black lung

Asbestosis-inhalation of asbestos fibers causing pulmonary fibrosis which can develop into lung cancer. Symptoms can appear 10-40 years later.

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14
Q

Pneumoconiosis Test Question

What does pleural thickening indicate in asbestosis??

A

Early stages of the disease

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15
Q

What is pulmonary adenocarcinoma??

A

Malignant cancer cells in mucus producing glands of the lungs.
Most common lung cancer for non smokers.

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16
Q

Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Test Question

What percentage of lung cancers are Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma?

A

40%

17
Q

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

A

Genetic disease that produces thick/sticky mucus that blocks air

Bronchiectasis-abnormal widening of bronchial wall

“Air bronchogram” sign-has filled bronchi surrounded by alveoli filled with fluid or pus

18
Q

What is Epiglottitis?

A

Bacterial or viral inflammation of epiglottis. It swells and blocks airways.

“Thumb sign” indicates enlargement of epiglottis.

George Washington died from this.

19
Q

Epiglottitis Test Question

Which position is often performed to diagnose epiglottitis?

A

Horizontal beam lateral of c-spine and AP

20
Q

What is pleural effusion??

A

Excess fluid builds around lung.

Common causes are CHF, blocked blood and lymph vessels.

21
Q

Which positions are performed for pleural effusions?

A

If can stand- PA and lateral (right if pathology on right side-if not then always left lateral)

If can’t stand- decubitus, affected side down (for fluids)

22
Q

What is RDS?

A

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Aka Hyaline Membrane Disease

Lungs are not able to produce surfactant in premie babies

23
Q

What position is performed for RDS?

A

AP supine portable

24
Q

RDS Test Question

What drug is given to neonates to treat RDS and improve lung tissue elasticity?

A

Surfactant (replacement therapy)

25
Q

Test Question

What is the current term for Hyline Membrane Disease?

A

RDS

26
Q

Test Question

A partial or complete collapse of a lung is called?

A

Ateletasis

27
Q

Test Question

Patient is diagnosed with a complete atelectasis of left lower lobe. The patient cannot stand. Which alternative would you perform beyond the routine chest projection?

A

Right lateral decubitus (affected side up for air)

28
Q

Test Question

Cystic Fibrosis is a:

A. Genetic Disease
B. Congenital Disease
C. Viral Infection
D. Form of Pneumonia

A

Genetic disease

29
Q

What is the radiographic sign for epiglottitis?

A

The thumb sign

John's 2nd Test (2 decks)

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