Patho Presentations Flashcards
Which side is elongated for LPO, RPO, LAO, and RAO?
LPO-Left side
RPO-Right side
LAO-Right side
RAO-Left side
Affected side positioning for decubitus
Affected side down for fluid
Affected side up for free air
What is TB?
How can you tell on a radiograph?
Airborne disease from bacteria Myobacterium Tuberculosis
On radiograph, can see enlarged Hilar region on lateral-common in early stages
TB test question
Who is affected by primary and secondary TB?
Primary is children
Secondary is adults
What is Ateletasis?
Lung collapses as result of obstruction of bronchus or puncture. (Peanut or by surgery) Not life threatening.
Atelectasis Test Question #1:
How do you distinguish between atelectasis and pneumothorax?
Atelectasis the mediostinal is pushed toward collapsed lung
Pneumothorax the mediostinal is pushed away from the collapsed lung
Atelectasis Test Question #2
What are the key indicators consistent of diagnosis for atelectasis?
Radiodense region of collapsed lung.
Mediostinal shift (towards collapsed lung).
Elevation of diaphragm on same side as collapsed lung.
Positioning for Atelectasis
If can stand: PA and lateral (of affected side)
If can’t stand: decubitus (affected side up)
Supine never works
What is pneumothorax?
Air or gas in pleural cavity, pressure may cause full or partial lung collapse
COPD or trauma are most common
Pneumothorax Test Question
Patients pain is on the right side. What positions do you perform??
If can stand: PA and R lateral
If can’t stand: L lateral decubitus
What is COPD?
Obstruction of airway making it difficult to release air from lungs.
3rd leading cause of death
COPD Test Question
What is the shape of the diaphragm in a COPD patient?
Diaphragm is flattened (normal is curved)
What is pneumoconiosis?
Aka asbestosis or black lung
Asbestosis-inhalation of asbestos fibers causing pulmonary fibrosis which can develop into lung cancer. Symptoms can appear 10-40 years later.
Pneumoconiosis Test Question
What does pleural thickening indicate in asbestosis??
Early stages of the disease
What is pulmonary adenocarcinoma??
Malignant cancer cells in mucus producing glands of the lungs.
Most common lung cancer for non smokers.
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Test Question
What percentage of lung cancers are Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma?
40%
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
Genetic disease that produces thick/sticky mucus that blocks air
Bronchiectasis-abnormal widening of bronchial wall
“Air bronchogram” sign-has filled bronchi surrounded by alveoli filled with fluid or pus
What is Epiglottitis?
Bacterial or viral inflammation of epiglottis. It swells and blocks airways.
“Thumb sign” indicates enlargement of epiglottis.
George Washington died from this.
Epiglottitis Test Question
Which position is often performed to diagnose epiglottitis?
Horizontal beam lateral of c-spine and AP
What is pleural effusion??
Excess fluid builds around lung.
Common causes are CHF, blocked blood and lymph vessels.
Which positions are performed for pleural effusions?
If can stand- PA and lateral (right if pathology on right side-if not then always left lateral)
If can’t stand- decubitus, affected side down (for fluids)
What is RDS?
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Aka Hyaline Membrane Disease
Lungs are not able to produce surfactant in premie babies
What position is performed for RDS?
AP supine portable
RDS Test Question
What drug is given to neonates to treat RDS and improve lung tissue elasticity?
Surfactant (replacement therapy)
Test Question
What is the current term for Hyline Membrane Disease?
RDS
Test Question
A partial or complete collapse of a lung is called?
Ateletasis
Test Question
Patient is diagnosed with a complete atelectasis of left lower lobe. The patient cannot stand. Which alternative would you perform beyond the routine chest projection?
Right lateral decubitus (affected side up for air)
Test Question
Cystic Fibrosis is a:
A. Genetic Disease
B. Congenital Disease
C. Viral Infection
D. Form of Pneumonia
Genetic disease
What is the radiographic sign for epiglottitis?
The thumb sign
