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PATHO PEARLS Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormally low white blood cell count

A

LEUKOPENIA

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2
Q

Reduction in number of neutrophils in blood

A

NEUTROPENIA

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3
Q

Clinically significant reduction in neutrophils wherein serious consequence of making individuals susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections

A

AGRANULOCYTOPENIA

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4
Q

Increase in number of white cells in blood

A

LEUKOCYTOSIS

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5
Q

Inflammation of lymph nodes

A

LYMPHADENITIS

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6
Q

Neoplasms in bone marrow in which tumor cells are found in the peripheral blood

A

LEUKEMIA

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7
Q

Malignant transformation of lymphoid cells residing primarily in lymphoid tissues especially in the lymph nodes

A

LYMPHOMA (Not necessarily on lymph nodes, can be seen in other immune cells)

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8
Q

Low platelet, leukopenia, anemia

A

PANCYTOPENIA

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9
Q

Characterized by increased marrow production of red cells, granulocytes and platelets

A

PANMYELOSIS

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10
Q

Elevated platelet count

A

THROMBOCYTOSIS

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11
Q

Platelet <150,000

A

THROMBOCYTOPENIA

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12
Q

Increase in WBC count with left shift (Eg. 80% bands) and high leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

A

LEUKEMOID REACTION (Paraneoplastic Conditions)

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13
Q

Solid focus of leukemia outside the bone marrow

A

CHLOROMA (like Metastatic Leukemia)

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14
Q

Differentiate Leukemoid reaction from CML

A

LEUKEMOID REACTION has high Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase; CML has very low Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

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15
Q

Cause of Thrombocytopenia

A

HIT SHOC: HIT or HUS, ITP, TTP or treatment drugs, Splenomegaly, Hereditary, Others (Malignancy), Chemotherapy

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16
Q

Type of Leukocytosis in Acute conditions like Myocardial Infarction, Fracture and Ischemic Stroke

A

NEUTROPHILIA

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17
Q

Type of Leukocytosis in Viral Infections, TB

A

LYMPHOCYTES

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18
Q

Type of Leukocytosis in Neoplasms, Asthma, Collagen Vascular disease, ALLERGIC reaction, parasites

A

EOSINOPHILS

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19
Q

Type of Leukocytosis seen in Chronic Infections

A

MONOCYTES

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20
Q

Type of Leukocytosis in CML, Mast Cell degranulation

A

BASOPHILS

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21
Q

Abnormal azurophilic (primary) granules, HPx: Toxic granules

A

SEVERE INFECTIONS, SEPSIS

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22
Q

Patches of dilated ER that appear as Sky- Blue cytoplasmic PUDDLES, HPx: Dohle Bodies

A

SEVERE INFECTIONS, SEPSIS

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23
Q

Distinctive needle-like azurophilic granules found in myeloblasts, HPx: Auer Rods

A

AML

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24
Q

Scattered macrophage with abundant wrinkled Green blue cytoplasm, HPx: Sea Blue Histiocytes

A

CML

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25
Small lymphocytes disrupted in the process of making smears, HPx: Smudge Cells
CLL
26
Large cells with multiple nuclei or a single nucleus with multiple nuclear lobes, HPx: Reed- Sternberg Cells
HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA
27
Nuclear remnants are phagocytosed by interspersed macrophages (BURKITT CELLS) with abundant clear cytoplasm (lipid droplets), HPx: Starry Sky Pattern
BURKITT's LYMPHOMA
28
Cells found in adult T-Cell lymphoma which appear to have multilobated nuclei, HPx: Clover Leaf or Flower Cells
ADULT T-CELL LYMPHOMA
29
Destructive plasma cell tumors involving axial skeleton, HPx: Plasmacytoma
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
30
Triad of Multiple Myeloma
BONE PAIN, ANEMIA, RENAL FAILURE
31
Multiple nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and cytoplasmic droplets containing Ig, HPx: Bizarre multinucleated cells
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
32
Fiery red cytoplasm, HPx: Flame cells
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
33
Pink globular cytoplasmic inclusions, HPx: Russel bodies
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
34
Blue globular, nuclear inclusions, HPx: Dutcher bodies
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
35
M protein causes RBCs to stick in Linear Arrays
Roleaux Conformation in MULTIPLE MYELOMA
36
Erythroblast with Iron-laden mitochondria visible as perinuclear granules
Ringed Sideroblasts in SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA
37
Neutrophil with ONLY 2 NUCLEAR LOBES
Pseudo Pelger-Huet Cells in MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME
38
Megakaryocyte with SINGLE or MULTIPLE SEPARATE NUCLEI
Pawn-Ball Megakaryocyte in MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME
39
Premature release of NUCLEATED ERYTHROID and EARLY GRANULOCYTE PROGENITORS
LeukoErythroBlastosis in PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS and MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME
40
DAMAGED CELLS on birthing process in FIBROTIC MARROW
Tear Drop cells (Dacryocytes) in PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS
41
PENTALAMINAR TUBULES with DILATED TERMINAL ENDS (Tennis Racket-like)
Birbeck granules in LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
42
Small YELLOW-BROWN, BROWN, RUST- Coloured FOCI in SPLEEN
Gandy Gamna Nodules in SPLENIC CONGESTION, HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, MALARIA & VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS
43
Accumulation of Microbes, Cell Debris & Foreign material in LN
ACUTE LYMPHADENITIS
44
NONTENDER LN swelling containing B-CELLS
FOLLICULAR HYPERPLASIA (MC Benign Nontender Lymphadenopathy
45
NONTENDER LN swelling sec to EBV infection & PHENYTOIN with T-CELL stimulation
PARACORTICAL HYPERPLASIA
46
NONTENDER LN swelling in BREAST CANCER with MACROPHAGE stimulation
SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS
47
Mediastinal Mass with BMA of HYPERCELLULAR MARROW packed with LYMPHOBLASTS
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (MC WBC malignancy in Children; Best prognosis: responsive to Chemo [Asparaginase])
48
HYPERCELLULAR MARROW packed with MYELOBLASTS & AUER RODS
ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
49
SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTES; 3 Phases: Philadelphia chromosome, Leukocytosis, Low Alk. Phos.
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
50
SMUDGE cells and NUCLEATED RBCs
CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (MC leukemia of ADULTS & ELDERLY)
51
MATURE B-CELL tumor in Elderly with fine HAIRLIKE PROJECTIONS
HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA
52
REED- STERNBERG cells, EBV infection, benign symptoms, BIMODAL distribution
HODGKIN's LYMPHOMA
53
Multiple Peripheral LN with CONTIGUOUS spread & EXTRANODAL involvement associated with HIV & IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
NON-HODGKIN's LYMPHOMA
54
MC Form of Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma
DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA
55
CHROMOSOME 8 translocation; STARRY SKY pattern; C-MyC
BURKITT's LYMPHOMA
56
Small lymphocytes with NO CENTROBLASTS & PROLIFERATION CENTERS
MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA
57
COMPLETE Igs synthesized by NEOPLASTIC PLASMA cells
BENCE- JONES PROTEINS
58
Proliferation of DENDRITIC cells with BIRBECK GRANULES
LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
59
THYMUS tumor associated with MYASTHENIA GRAVIS & PURE RED CELL APLASIA
THYMOMA (ANTERIOR)
60
HYPERCHROMIC RBC lacking CENTRAL PALLOR
Spherocyte in HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS

Pathology (26 decks)

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