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Pathology > PATHO PEARLS > Flashcards

PATHO PEARLS Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormally low white blood cell count

A

LEUKOPENIA

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2
Q

Reduction in number of neutrophils in blood

A

NEUTROPENIA

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3
Q

Clinically significant reduction in neutrophils wherein serious consequence of making individuals susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections

A

AGRANULOCYTOPENIA

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4
Q

Increase in number of white cells in blood

A

LEUKOCYTOSIS

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5
Q

Inflammation of lymph nodes

A

LYMPHADENITIS

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6
Q

Neoplasms in bone marrow in which tumor cells are found in the peripheral blood

A

LEUKEMIA

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7
Q

Malignant transformation of lymphoid cells residing primarily in lymphoid tissues especially in the lymph nodes

A

LYMPHOMA (Not necessarily on lymph nodes, can be seen in other immune cells)

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8
Q

Low platelet, leukopenia, anemia

A

PANCYTOPENIA

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9
Q

Characterized by increased marrow production of red cells, granulocytes and platelets

A

PANMYELOSIS

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10
Q

Elevated platelet count

A

THROMBOCYTOSIS

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11
Q

Platelet <150,000

A

THROMBOCYTOPENIA

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12
Q

Increase in WBC count with left shift (Eg. 80% bands) and high leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

A

LEUKEMOID REACTION (Paraneoplastic Conditions)

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13
Q

Solid focus of leukemia outside the bone marrow

A

CHLOROMA (like Metastatic Leukemia)

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14
Q

Differentiate Leukemoid reaction from CML

A

LEUKEMOID REACTION has high Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase; CML has very low Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

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15
Q

Cause of Thrombocytopenia

A

HIT SHOC: HIT or HUS, ITP, TTP or treatment drugs, Splenomegaly, Hereditary, Others (Malignancy), Chemotherapy

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16
Q

Type of Leukocytosis in Acute conditions like Myocardial Infarction, Fracture and Ischemic Stroke

A

NEUTROPHILIA

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17
Q

Type of Leukocytosis in Viral Infections, TB

A

LYMPHOCYTES

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18
Q

Type of Leukocytosis in Neoplasms, Asthma, Collagen Vascular disease, ALLERGIC reaction, parasites

A

EOSINOPHILS

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19
Q

Type of Leukocytosis seen in Chronic Infections

A

MONOCYTES

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20
Q

Type of Leukocytosis in CML, Mast Cell degranulation

A

BASOPHILS

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21
Q

Abnormal azurophilic (primary) granules, HPx: Toxic granules

A

SEVERE INFECTIONS, SEPSIS

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22
Q

Patches of dilated ER that appear as Sky- Blue cytoplasmic PUDDLES, HPx: Dohle Bodies

A

SEVERE INFECTIONS, SEPSIS

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23
Q

Distinctive needle-like azurophilic granules found in myeloblasts, HPx: Auer Rods

A

AML

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24
Q

Scattered macrophage with abundant wrinkled Green blue cytoplasm, HPx: Sea Blue Histiocytes

A

CML

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25
Q

Small lymphocytes disrupted in the process of making smears, HPx: Smudge Cells

A

CLL

26
Q

Large cells with multiple nuclei or a single nucleus with multiple nuclear lobes, HPx: Reed- Sternberg Cells

A

HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA

27
Q

Nuclear remnants are phagocytosed by interspersed macrophages (BURKITT CELLS) with abundant clear cytoplasm (lipid droplets), HPx: Starry Sky Pattern

A

BURKITT’s LYMPHOMA

28
Q

Cells found in adult T-Cell lymphoma which appear to have multilobated nuclei, HPx: Clover Leaf or Flower Cells

A

ADULT T-CELL LYMPHOMA

29
Q

Destructive plasma cell tumors involving axial skeleton, HPx: Plasmacytoma

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

30
Q

Triad of Multiple Myeloma

A

BONE PAIN, ANEMIA, RENAL FAILURE

31
Q

Multiple nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and cytoplasmic droplets containing Ig, HPx: Bizarre multinucleated cells

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

32
Q

Fiery red cytoplasm, HPx: Flame cells

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

33
Q

Pink globular cytoplasmic inclusions, HPx: Russel bodies

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

34
Q

Blue globular, nuclear inclusions, HPx: Dutcher bodies

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

35
Q

M protein causes RBCs to stick in Linear Arrays

A

Roleaux Conformation in MULTIPLE MYELOMA

36
Q

Erythroblast with Iron-laden mitochondria visible as perinuclear granules

A

Ringed Sideroblasts in SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA

37
Q

Neutrophil with ONLY 2 NUCLEAR LOBES

A

Pseudo Pelger-Huet Cells in MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME

38
Q

Megakaryocyte with SINGLE or MULTIPLE SEPARATE NUCLEI

A

Pawn-Ball Megakaryocyte in MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME

39
Q

Premature release of NUCLEATED ERYTHROID and EARLY GRANULOCYTE PROGENITORS

A

LeukoErythroBlastosis in PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS and MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME

40
Q

DAMAGED CELLS on birthing process in FIBROTIC MARROW

A

Tear Drop cells (Dacryocytes) in PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS

41
Q

PENTALAMINAR TUBULES with DILATED TERMINAL ENDS (Tennis Racket-like)

A

Birbeck granules in LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS

42
Q

Small YELLOW-BROWN, BROWN, RUST- Coloured FOCI in SPLEEN

A

Gandy Gamna Nodules in SPLENIC CONGESTION, HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, MALARIA & VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

43
Q

Accumulation of Microbes, Cell Debris & Foreign material in LN

A

ACUTE LYMPHADENITIS

44
Q

NONTENDER LN swelling containing B-CELLS

A

FOLLICULAR HYPERPLASIA (MC Benign Nontender Lymphadenopathy

45
Q

NONTENDER LN swelling sec to EBV infection & PHENYTOIN with T-CELL stimulation

A

PARACORTICAL HYPERPLASIA

46
Q

NONTENDER LN swelling in BREAST CANCER with MACROPHAGE stimulation

A

SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS

47
Q

Mediastinal Mass with BMA of HYPERCELLULAR MARROW packed with LYMPHOBLASTS

A

ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (MC WBC malignancy in Children; Best prognosis: responsive to Chemo [Asparaginase])

48
Q

HYPERCELLULAR MARROW packed with MYELOBLASTS & AUER RODS

A

ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA

49
Q

SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTES; 3 Phases: Philadelphia chromosome, Leukocytosis, Low Alk. Phos.

A

CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA

50
Q

SMUDGE cells and NUCLEATED RBCs

A

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (MC leukemia of ADULTS & ELDERLY)

51
Q

MATURE B-CELL tumor in Elderly with fine HAIRLIKE PROJECTIONS

A

HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA

52
Q

REED- STERNBERG cells, EBV infection, benign symptoms, BIMODAL distribution

A

HODGKIN’s LYMPHOMA

53
Q

Multiple Peripheral LN with CONTIGUOUS spread & EXTRANODAL involvement associated with HIV & IMMUNOSUPPRESSION

A

NON-HODGKIN’s LYMPHOMA

54
Q

MC Form of Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

55
Q

CHROMOSOME 8 translocation; STARRY SKY pattern; C-MyC

A

BURKITT’s LYMPHOMA

56
Q

Small lymphocytes with NO CENTROBLASTS & PROLIFERATION CENTERS

A

MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA

57
Q

COMPLETE Igs synthesized by NEOPLASTIC PLASMA cells

A

BENCE- JONES PROTEINS

58
Q

Proliferation of DENDRITIC cells with BIRBECK GRANULES

A

LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS

59
Q

THYMUS tumor associated with MYASTHENIA GRAVIS & PURE RED CELL APLASIA

A

THYMOMA (ANTERIOR)

60
Q

HYPERCHROMIC RBC lacking CENTRAL PALLOR

A

Spherocyte in HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS

Pathology (26 decks)

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