Patho Of Bone Growt And Fractures

Question 1

How are fractures acquired

Answer 1

Trauma
Accidental injury
Non accidental injury

Question 2

Fractures in children are more/less likely to be accompanied by soft tissue damage

Answer 2

Less

Question 3

Why is healing more rapid in children

Answer 3

Bone growth is still occurring
Rapid bone cell replacement
Increased activity level = stimulation in bone growth and remodelling

Question 4

Name 3 types of fractures and what is the most common for children

Answer 4

Green stick - most common
Spiral 
Compound 
Transverse 
Comminuted

Question 5

Why mightn’t children’s fractures appear on an X-ray

Answer 5

More cartilage than bone

Question 6

How is a diagnoses made

Answer 6

History

Clinical signs

Question 7

How are fractures managed

Answer 7

Closed manipulation / reduction

Plaster immobilisation

Question 8

Compartment syndrome occurs from

Answer 8

Excessive tissue pressure > obstruction of Venus return from compartments > oedema and further increase in tissue pressure

Question 9

Types of pain relief medication (3)

Answer 9

Non opioid analgesic
Opioid analgesic
Adjuvant therapy

Question 10

Nursing considerations for children when administering pain medication

Answer 10

Immature renal system ( drugs are excreted slowly and erratically)
Immature blood barrier
Reduced plasma protein binding (affects distribution)

Question 11

Side effects of opioids name 4

Answer 11

Decreased respiratory rate 
Pinpoint pupils 
Hypotension 
Sedation
Itch
Constipation 
This list could go on forever