Patho - Knee

Question 1

Inadequate Flexion

Answer 1

Failure to achieve normal amount of flexion.

Question 2

Excessive Extension

Answer 2

Extension beyond neutral (Hyperextension)

Question 3

Excessive Flexion

Answer 3

More than normal range.

Question 4

Inadequate Extension

Answer 4

Persistent knee flexion when the knee should be extending.

Question 5

Inadequate Knee Flexion - Loading Response Causes (5)

Answer 5

Quadriceps weakness
Hip extensor weakness
Muscle or joint pain (avoidance)
Excessive quadriceps activity
Decreased heel rocker

Question 6

Inadequate Knee Flexion - Loading Response Penalties (1)

Answer 6

Decreased shock absorption - Increasing bone and cartilage loading.

Question 7

Inadequate Knee Flexion - Pre-swing and Initial Swing Causes (4)

Answer 7

Limited Knee Flexion
Muscle or Joint Pain (Avoidance)
Excessive quadriceps activity
Hip flexor weakness

Question 8

Inadequate Knee Flexion - Pre-swing and Initial Swing Penalties (1)

Answer 8

Decreased Foot Clearance

Question 9

Excessive Extension - Loading Response, Midstance and Terminal Stance Causes (4)

Answer 9

Quadriceps weakness
Muscle or Joint Pain (avoidance)
Excessive Quadriceps Activity
Excessive Ankle Plantarflexion

Question 10

Excessive Extension - Loading Response, Midstance and Terminal Stance Penalties (2)

Answer 10

Posterior Knee Joint Stress

Decreased Shock Absorption (Loading Response Only).

Question 11

Excessive Knee Flexion - Loading Response Causes (2)

Answer 11

Knee Flexion Contracture greater than 20.

AFO

Question 12

Excessive Knee Flexion - Loading Response Penalties (2)

Answer 12

Quadriceps Overuse

Increased Energy Expenditure.

Question 13

Excessive Knee Flexion - Pre-Swing and Initial Swing Causes (2)

Answer 13

Compensatory action to assist in foot clearance due to excessive plantarflexion.
Abnormal motor control (Flexor Pattern)

Question 14

Excessive Knee Flexion - Pre-swing and Initial Swing Penalties (1)

Answer 14

Increased energy expenditure related to muscle overuse - Hip flexors and BFSH

Question 15

Inadequate Knee Extension - Midstance and Terminal Stance Causes (4)

Answer 15

Knee Flexion Contracture.
Hip Flexion Contracture
Excessive Dorsiflexion - Calf Weakness
Excessive Hamstring activity.

Question 16

Inadequate Knee Extension - Midstance and Terminal Stance Penalties (3)

Answer 16

Increased Energy Expenditure Related to Muscle Overuse - Quads
Diminished Forward Progression.
Decreased Stride Length

Question 17

Inadequate Knee Extension - Mid-Swing and Terminal Swing Causes (4)

Answer 17

Quadriceps Weakness
Knee Flexion Contracture
Excessive Hamstring Activity
Purposeful Strategy to Reduce Heel Rocker - because of weakness, poor balance/instability and heel pain.

Question 18

Inadequate Knee Extension - Mid-Swing and Terminal Swing Penalties (3)

Answer 18

Decreased Preperation for Stance
Decreased Limb Advancement
Decreased Stride Length

Question 19

Dynamic Knee Varus Stance Phases Causes

Answer 19

Pelvic drop owing to hip abductor weakness.

Question 20

Dynamic Knee Varus Stance Phases Penalties

Answer 20

Knee Joint Stress and Strain - LCL, ITBStrain, Medial Compartment Compression

Question 21

Excessive Knee Rotation Stance Phases Causes

Answer 21

Excessive Pronation

Weakness of Hip External Rotators

Question 22

Excessive Knee Rotation Stance Phases Penalties

Answer 22

Knee Joint Stress/Strain - MCL Stress, Pes Anserinus Strain, ITB Strain.
Patellofemoral Joint Stress

Question 23

Dynamic Knee Valgus Stance Phase Causes

Answer 23

Excessive hip adduction and/or internal rotation related to weak hip abductors and/or external rotators.

Question 24

Dynamic Knee Valgus Stance Phase Penalties

Answer 24

Knee joint stress/strain - MCL stress, Pes Anserinus Strain, ITB Strain.

Patellofemoral Joint Pain.