Patho Flash Cards by Nikka G

Question 1

Accumulation of excessive CSF within ventricular system

Answer 1

Hydrocephalus

Question 2

Hydrocephalus with only position of ventricular system is enlarged

Answer 2

non communicating

Question 3

hydrocephalus with enlargement of entire ventricular system

Answer 3

communicating

Question 4

an increase in vol of one of cranial constituents must be compensated by decrease in volume of another

Answer 4

Monro-Kellie doctrine

Question 5

3 types of herniation syndromes

Answer 5

subfalcine
transtentorial
tonsillar

Question 6

herniation of unilateral or asymmetric expansion of cerebral hemisphere that displaces cingulate gyrus under fall cerebri

Answer 6

Subfalcine- leads to compression of anterior cerebral artery

Question 7

herniation of medial temporal lobe against free margin of tentorium

Answer 7

Transtentorial herniation– compress cn3 and post. cerebral artery

Question 8

herniation where displacement of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum; LIFETHREATENING since it causes brainstem compression

Answer 8

Tonsillar herniation - compress resp and cardiac centers in medulla oblongata

Question 9

Diverticulum of malformed cans tissue extending through a defect in cranium

Answer 9

encephalocele

Question 10

failure of closure of posterior neuropore

Answer 10

spinal dysraphism

Question 11

NTB with extension of cans tissue through a defect in vertebral column

Answer 11

myelomeningocele

Question 12

ntB of meningeal extrusion only

Answer 12

meningocele

Question 13

Posterior fossa anomalies with hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis and cystic dilatation of 4th ventricle– non communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 13

Dandy Walker Malformation

Question 14

Posterior fossa anomaly of downward extension of cerebellar vermis through foramen magnum (+) myelomeningocele (+) hydrocephalus

Answer 14

Arnold-Chiari malformation (Chiari II)

Question 15

Posterior fossa anomaly with low lying cerebellar tonsils extend down into vertebral canal

Answer 15

Chiari I – clinically silent

Question 16

Formation of a fluid filled cleft like cavity in the inner portion of the cord

Answer 16

Syringomyelia Chiari I

Question 17

Formation of a fluid filled cleft like cavity in the inner portion of the cord with extension to brainstem

Answer 17

Syringobulbia

Question 18

Formation of a fluid filled cleft like cavity in the inner portion of the cord extends up to 4th ventricle

Answer 18

Hydromyelia

Question 19

Non progressive neurologic motor deficit char by spasticity, dystonia, ataxia/athetosis and paresis

Answer 19

Cerebral palsy - hypoxic insults

Question 20

Grading of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in premature infants

Answer 20

I- germinal matrix
II- inside ventricles
III- ventricular enlargement
IV- intraparenchymal

Question 21

thinking out of gyro due to cortical ischmia

Answer 21

Ulegyria

Question 22

marbolization of deep nuclei due to schema and gliosis

Answer 22

status marmoratus

Question 23

Infaract in supratentorial periventricular white matter; chalky white matter infarct

Answer 23

Periventricular leukomalacia

Question 24

parenchymal injury that occur at site of impact

Answer 24

coup injury

Question 25

parenchymal injury that occur opposite the site of impact

Answer 25

countercoup injury

Question 26

morphology of pericapillary deem with subsequent extravasation

Answer 26

contusion

Question 27

morphology of depressed, retracted yellowish brown patches involving the crests of gyri (Plaque Jaune)

Answer 27

Old traumatic lesion

Question 28

morphology of parenchymal injury where there is wide, asymmetric axonal swelling,glosses and degeneration

Answer 28

Diffuse Axonal Injury-- boxers

Question 29

traumatic vascular injury with arterial bleed between bone and dura/ fx to pterion and injury to middle meningeal artery, lenticular shape lesion in ct scan with lucid interval

Answer 29

Epidural hematoma

Question 30

traumatic vascular injury with VENOUS bleeding bet DURA and Arachnoid membrane causing tearing of BRIDGING veins with CResent Shape lesion in ct scan and delayed FLUCTUATING LOC

Answer 30

Subdural Hematoma

Question 31

Morphology of traumatic vascular injury of subdural hematoma with fresh clotted blood along brain surface with subdural membranes

Answer 31

acute subdural hematoma

Question 32

morphology of what type of subdural hepatoma with multiple episodes of repeat bleeding

Answer 32

Chronic subdural hematoma

Question 33

it is an outcome of severe hypotensive episode with selective vulnerability and watershed infarcts occurring in border zones of arterial territories

Answer 33

Global Cerebral Ischemia

Question 34

morphology of what type of schema eh poor demarcation bet gray and white matter, red neutron,reactive gloss and pseudo laminar necrosis

Answer 34

Global cerebral ischemia

Question 35

Infarction of specific region within the distribution of compromised vessel

Answer 35

focal cerebral ischemia

Question 36

Type of cerebral schema infarct with red neutron, reactive gloss and liquefactive necrosis

Answer 36

White Infarcts

Question 37

Type of focal cerebral ischemia infarcts with extravasation and resorption of blood

Answer 37

Red infarcts

Question 38

Infarcts with lace-like spaces

Answer 38

Lacunar Infarct- lenticular nucleus

Question 39

HPN disease with slit /rupture of small caliber penetrating vessels

Answer 39

Slit hemorrages

Question 40

clinicopathologic syndrome arising in person with malignant hypertension- diffuse cerebral dysfunction like h/a confusion, vomiting and convulsion

Answer 40

Hypertensive encephalopathy

Question 41

ABC of melanona

Answer 41

asymmetry border irregularity color variation

Question 42

complications of hpn encephalopathy

Answer 42

vascular dementa | binswanger syndrome

Question 43

most common cause of intraparenchymal hemorrhage

Answer 43

hypertension | cerebral amyloid angiopathy 2nd

Question 44

intracradial haemorrhage with histoopth of extravasation of blood with compression of adjacent parenchyma and coral core of clotted blood surrounded with reactive gliosis

Answer 44

Hypertensive hemorrhage

Question 45

most frequent cause of clinically significant subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 45

intracranial aneurysm | mct saccular aneurysm

Question 46

common site of intracranial aneurysm

Answer 46

anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicated artery

Question 47

worst headache loc and yellowish csf (xanthochromia

Answer 47

intracranial aneurysm