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Pathonikka > Patho Flash Cards by Nikka G > Flashcards

Patho Flash Cards by Nikka G

1
Q

Accumulation of excessive CSF within ventricular system

A

Hydrocephalus

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2
Q

Hydrocephalus with only position of ventricular system is enlarged

A

non communicating

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3
Q

hydrocephalus with enlargement of entire ventricular system

A

communicating

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4
Q

an increase in vol of one of cranial constituents must be compensated by decrease in volume of another

A

Monro-Kellie doctrine

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5
Q

3 types of herniation syndromes

A

subfalcine
transtentorial
tonsillar

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6
Q

herniation of unilateral or asymmetric expansion of cerebral hemisphere that displaces cingulate gyrus under fall cerebri

A

Subfalcine- leads to compression of anterior cerebral artery

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7
Q

herniation of medial temporal lobe against free margin of tentorium

A

Transtentorial herniation– compress cn3 and post. cerebral artery

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8
Q

herniation where displacement of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum; LIFETHREATENING since it causes brainstem compression

A

Tonsillar herniation - compress resp and cardiac centers in medulla oblongata

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9
Q

Diverticulum of malformed cans tissue extending through a defect in cranium

A

encephalocele

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10
Q

failure of closure of posterior neuropore

A

spinal dysraphism

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11
Q

NTB with extension of cans tissue through a defect in vertebral column

A

myelomeningocele

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12
Q

ntB of meningeal extrusion only

A

meningocele

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13
Q

Posterior fossa anomalies with hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis and cystic dilatation of 4th ventricle– non communicating hydrocephalus

A

Dandy Walker Malformation

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14
Q

Posterior fossa anomaly of downward extension of cerebellar vermis through foramen magnum (+) myelomeningocele (+) hydrocephalus

A

Arnold-Chiari malformation (Chiari II)

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15
Q

Posterior fossa anomaly with low lying cerebellar tonsils extend down into vertebral canal

A

Chiari I – clinically silent

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16
Q

Formation of a fluid filled cleft like cavity in the inner portion of the cord

A

Syringomyelia Chiari I

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17
Q

Formation of a fluid filled cleft like cavity in the inner portion of the cord with extension to brainstem

A

Syringobulbia

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18
Q

Formation of a fluid filled cleft like cavity in the inner portion of the cord extends up to 4th ventricle

A

Hydromyelia

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19
Q

Non progressive neurologic motor deficit char by spasticity, dystonia, ataxia/athetosis and paresis

A

Cerebral palsy - hypoxic insults

20
Q

Grading of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in premature infants

A

I- germinal matrix
II- inside ventricles
III- ventricular enlargement
IV- intraparenchymal

21
Q

thinking out of gyro due to cortical ischmia

A

Ulegyria

22
Q

marbolization of deep nuclei due to schema and gliosis

A

status marmoratus

23
Q

Infaract in supratentorial periventricular white matter; chalky white matter infarct

A

Periventricular leukomalacia

24
Q

parenchymal injury that occur at site of impact

A

coup injury

25
Q

parenchymal injury that occur opposite the site of impact

A

countercoup injury

26
Q

morphology of pericapillary deem with subsequent extravasation

A

contusion

27
Q

morphology of depressed, retracted yellowish brown patches involving the crests of gyri (Plaque Jaune)

A

Old traumatic lesion

28
Q

morphology of parenchymal injury where there is wide, asymmetric axonal swelling,glosses and degeneration

A

Diffuse Axonal Injury– boxers

29
Q

traumatic vascular injury with arterial bleed between bone and dura/ fx to pterion and injury to middle meningeal artery, lenticular shape lesion in ct scan with lucid interval

A

Epidural hematoma

30
Q

traumatic vascular injury with VENOUS bleeding bet DURA and Arachnoid membrane causing tearing of BRIDGING veins with CResent Shape lesion in ct scan and delayed FLUCTUATING LOC

A

Subdural Hematoma

31
Q

Morphology of traumatic vascular injury of subdural hematoma with fresh clotted blood along brain surface with subdural membranes

A

acute subdural hematoma

32
Q

morphology of what type of subdural hepatoma with multiple episodes of repeat bleeding

A

Chronic subdural hematoma

33
Q

it is an outcome of severe hypotensive episode with selective vulnerability and watershed infarcts occurring in border zones of arterial territories

A

Global Cerebral Ischemia

34
Q

morphology of what type of schema eh poor demarcation bet gray and white matter, red neutron,reactive gloss and pseudo laminar necrosis

A

Global cerebral ischemia

35
Q

Infarction of specific region within the distribution of compromised vessel

A

focal cerebral ischemia

36
Q

Type of cerebral schema infarct with red neutron, reactive gloss and liquefactive necrosis

A

White Infarcts

37
Q

Type of focal cerebral ischemia infarcts with extravasation and resorption of blood

A

Red infarcts

38
Q

Infarcts with lace-like spaces

A

Lacunar Infarct- lenticular nucleus

39
Q

HPN disease with slit /rupture of small caliber penetrating vessels

A

Slit hemorrages

40
Q

clinicopathologic syndrome arising in person with malignant hypertension- diffuse cerebral dysfunction like h/a confusion, vomiting and convulsion

A

Hypertensive encephalopathy

41
Q

ABC of melanona

A

asymmetry
border irregularity
color variation

42
Q

complications of hpn encephalopathy

A

vascular dementa

binswanger syndrome

43
Q

most common cause of intraparenchymal hemorrhage

A

hypertension

cerebral amyloid angiopathy 2nd

44
Q

intracradial haemorrhage with histoopth of extravasation of blood with compression of adjacent parenchyma and coral core of clotted blood surrounded with reactive gliosis

A

Hypertensive hemorrhage

45
Q

most frequent cause of clinically significant subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

intracranial aneurysm

mct saccular aneurysm

46
Q

common site of intracranial aneurysm

A

anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicated artery

47
Q

worst headache loc and yellowish csf (xanthochromia

A

intracranial aneurysm

Pathonikka (2 decks)

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