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Patho Exam 2 > Patho exam 2 > Flashcards

Patho exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following types of bone fractures is unique to children

A

greenstick fracture

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2
Q

women double their rate of musculoskeletal injury during?

A

ovulation

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3
Q

fatigue- resistance type 1 muscle fibers demonstrate

A

they have high capillary content

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4
Q

individual with a right torticollis will present

A

right side bending and left rotation (opposite)

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5
Q

kyphoscoliosis primary affects which part of the spine

A

thoracic

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6
Q

Duchennes muscular dystrophy has the most rapid progresion

A
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7
Q

Gait in down syndrome

A

Hyperextension in stance

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8
Q

which neural tube defects describes external protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord

A

myelomeningocele

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9
Q

Dominant features of arthogryposis multiplex congenital (AMC)

A

articular rigidity, muscle weakness, brittle bones

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10
Q

appropiate rehabilitation for a pt who recently got surgery for an infection of the bursae in the hand

A

early active range of motion exercise

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11
Q

early treatment for a pt with secondary to a diagnosis of infectious septic knee arthritis

A

splinting and simple range of motion

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12
Q

the primary cause of prosthetic joint failure

A

implant infection

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13
Q

one cause for hematogenous osteomyelitis

A

spread of organisms from preexisting infections

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14
Q

TB involvement of the bone is usually transferred

A

hematogenously from the lung

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15
Q

the most common site of metastases for individuals with extremity sarcomas

A

lung

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16
Q

which type of benign soft tissue tumor is usually seen in the popliteal area

A

baker cyst

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17
Q

where does osteoblastoma usually occurs

A

the spine, sacrum and flat bones

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18
Q

the most common site for an osteosarcoma is

A

distal femur

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19
Q

the most common site for metastatic tumors to bone is

A

spine

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20
Q

morning stiffness associated with osteoarthitis typically last

A

5 to 10 min

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21
Q

the most common osteoporosis- related fracture

A

vertebral compression fracture

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22
Q

sleeping and resting position for a pt w ankylosing spondylitis (AS)

A

prone

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23
Q

most common fracture in distance runners

A

stress fracture

24
Q

two primary causes for osteomalacia

A

insufficient intestinal calcium absorption and increased renal phosphorus losses

25
Q

strength training for adults

A

reduce risk of osteoporosis, improved postural stability, reduce risk of falling, ROM, etc

26
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss in muscle mass, strength and changes in the metabolic quality of skeletal muscle

27
Q

neoplasm

A

abnormal growth of cells and its often used interchangeably with tumor

28
Q

RA

A

develops btwn ages 25 to 50
affects women more than men
multifactorial: local biomechanocal factors, previous injury.
Can affect any joint, predilection for upper extremities
Morning stiffness for 1 hr
Fatigue, malaise, weight loss, fever
Synovial fluid has high WBC and low viscosity

29
Q

OA

A

begins at age 40 or over 65
most common in men before 45, after 45 women
immunologic reaction with massive inflammatory response, genetic and environment triggers it
begins on joint or one side of body
no systemic symptoms,
Effusions infrequently, synovial fluid has low WBC and high viscosity
Rheumatoid factor absent

30
Q

spinal muscular atrophy

A

progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles resulting from anterior horn cell degeneration.
second most common fatal autosomal recessive disorder after cystic fibrosis.
postion in vertical, caution with prone
types
1. severe, werfnig hoffmann
2. intermediate, dont walk without assistance
3. mild, can walk, most use device

31
Q

club foot vs rocker bottom

A

club foot, feet is twisted in ward and tendons shorter than usual. found in children with spina bifida.

Rocker bottom bottom of the foot flexes in the opposite direction, making the middle of the foot touch the floor, while the toes and heel curve upward, spina bifida, myelomeningocele.

32
Q

characteristic of multiple congenital contracture

A

present at birth (results form decreased fetal movement)
amyoplasia (lack of muscle formation)
affects hands and feet

33
Q

most common cause of osteomyelitis

A

bacteria infection

34
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

causes muscle weakness and skin rash. Symptoms include a red or purple rash on sun exposed skin and eyelids, calcium deposits under the skin, muscle weakness, and trouble talking or swallowing.

35
Q

Myopathy

A

due to inflammation in the muscles themselves.
weakness and dysfunction.

36
Q

neoplasm

A

ABNORMAL GROWTH OF
CELLS AND IS OFTEN USED INTERCHANGEABLY WITH TUMOR

37
Q

ways cancer spreads

A

growing into, or invading, nearby normal tissue.
moving through the walls of nearby lymph nodes or blood vessels.
traveling through the lymphatic system and bloodstream to other parts of the body.

38
Q

Benefits of strength training for older adults

A

help to prevent osteoporosis and frailty by stimulating the growth of muscle and bone.mproves joint ROM.
improves maximal and rapid strength.
decrease risk falls.
decrease in HR, BP, and RPE.

39
Q

strength training over age of 8

A

as the child is mature enough to follow directions and able to practice proper technique and form.
children do not build muscle but become stronger

40
Q

multiple myeloma

A

can weaken your bones and increase your risk of fractures and bone pain

41
Q

Heterotopic ossificans

A

is a diverse pathologic process, defined as the formation of extraskeletal bone in muscle and soft tissues.
Risk factors include spasticity, older age, pressure ulcer, the presence of DVT, edema, immobility, long-term coma.

42
Q

osteochondritis dissecans s/s

A

repetitive stress on the joint, low vitamin D and a genetic predisposition are often linked to this condition. Symptoms; pain, swelling, locking and a “giving way” sensation in the affected joint.

43
Q

myopathy symptoms

A

Muscle weakness, most commonly of your upper arms and shoulders and thighs.
Muscle cramps, stiffness
Fatigue
Lack of energy.

44
Q

osteosarcoma

A

cancer that begins in the cells that form bones. long bones. inherited.
s: A bump, depending on where the tumor is located.
Redness and warmth at the site of the tumor.
Anemia.
Fever.
Exhaustion.
Unexplained weight loss.

45
Q

reactive arhtritis

A

joint pain and swelling triggered by an infection in another part of the body.
most often the intestines, genitals or urinary tract. This condition usually targets the knees, ankles and feet.

46
Q

Myofascial compartment syndrome

A

an increase in pressure inside a muscle, which restricts blood flow and causes pain.
s: pain, pallor (pale skin tone), paresthesia (numbness feeling), pulselessness (faint pulse) and paralysis.

47
Q

The most common type of brachial plexus injury is ___________ and affects nerve roots _

A

Erbs, C5-C6

48
Q

Precautions for treating people with Down Syndrome include:

A

presence of cardiovascular disease/defects
Atlanto-axial instability (AAI)
compromised respiratory expansion

49
Q

A rib hump (Gibbus) becomes more apparent in scoliosis during which position?

A

forward bending

50
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes

A

childhood condition that occurs when blood supply to the ball part (femoral head) of the hip joint is temporarily interrupted and the bone begins to die.

s.Limping.
Pain or stiffness in the hip, groin, thigh or knee.
limited ROM

51
Q

begin vs malignant tumors

A

A benign tumor has distinct, smooth, regular borders. A malignant tumor has irregular borders and grows faster than a benign tumor.
A malignant tumor can also spread to other parts of your body.
A benign tumor can become quite large, but it will not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of your body.

52
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

type of arthritis that causes inflammation in the joints and ligaments of the spine.
people who have a gene called HLA-B27 are at a greatly increased risk of developing.
pain and stiffness in the lower back and hips, especially in the morning and after periods of inactivity.

53
Q

effects of bed rest

A

Patients who spend prolonged periods in bed are at increased risk of a range of physical adverse effects, including gastric reflux, constipation, reduced metabolic rate, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, sensorimotor dysfunction, reduced serotonin levels and structural changes to brain tissues.

53
Q

effects of bed rest

A

Patients who spend prolonged periods in bed are at increased risk of a range of physical adverse effects, including gastric reflux, constipation, reduced metabolic rate, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, sensorimotor dysfunction, reduced serotonin levels and structural changes to brain tissues.

54
Q

Paget’s disease

A

increased bone density, decreased strength

Patho Exam 2 (1 decks)

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