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Uworld Cardio > Patho > Flashcards

Patho Flashcards

1
Q

Turner and valve

A

Bicuspid aortic valve - early systolic click RUSB. Leading aortic stenosis or regurgitation
Associated with turner syndrome

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2
Q

Doxorubicin and Cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated : reduced CO, elevated LVEDP -> pulmonary edema -> elevated RAP

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3
Q

Plaque stability

A

Macrophages secreting metalloproteinases, breakdown extracelular matrix

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4
Q

Papillary muscle and infarction

A

Acute mitral regurgitation (new systolic murmur). Reversible timely

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5
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Drop > 10 SBP during inspiration
Tamponade, asthma, COPD, constrictive pericarditis

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6
Q

Beta agonist

A

Protein Gs - increases cAMP

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7
Q

Histológico finding in aortic dissection

A

Cystic medial degeneration (necrosis)

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8
Q

Peripartum cardiomyopaty

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy, eccentric hypertrophy. Increases compliance and decrease CO

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9
Q

Acute pericarditis

A

Fibrinous/serodibrinous type
Pericardial friction rub

Most specific sign

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10
Q

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

A

Vavular deposition is sterile platelet-rich trombi
Hypercoagulable state seen in advanced malignancy and systemic lupus erythematosus

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11
Q

Enlarged coronary sinus

A

Pulmonary hypertension

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12
Q

Massive PE

A

RV cavity enlargement and dysfunction

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13
Q

WPW and EKG

A

Accessory pathway (bundle of Kent)
Shortened PR
Delta wave
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (most common)

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14
Q

Varicose veins

A

Chronically elevated venous pressure lead to incompetent venous valves , can result in venous stasis dermatitis

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15
Q

Takayasu arteritis

A

Female, Asian, under 40, arterio-occlusive and granulomatous inflammation os arterial media

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16
Q

Histologic left heart failure

A

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages

17
Q

Histology HCM genes

A

Beta-myosin heavy chain and myosin-binding protein C

18
Q

Histology HCM genes

A

Beta-myosin heavy chain and myosin-binding protein C

19
Q

Long QT + deafness

A

Jerrell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
Potassium channels

20
Q

Normal endothelial cells released —- to inhibit platelet aggregation

A

Prostacylin -> causes vasodilation and oppose tromboxano A2

21
Q

Chronic lymphedema

A

Lymphadenectomy, radiation, malignant obstruction…
Early: soft skin, pitting edema
Late: firm, dry, non pitting edema

22
Q

HCM and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT)

A

Results from a hypertrophied intraventricular septum and abnormal systolic anterior motion os the anterior leaflet of mitral valve

23
Q

ASD and chambers

A

RA and RV volume overload (dilated cavity), but the left side doesn’t
But, septal defects distal to AV valves, dilate left too

24
Q

Bicuspid aortic valve most common complications

A

Aortic stenosis

25
Q

Watershed zones of the colon

A

Splenic flexure and rectosigmoid junction

26
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)

A

Medium sized muscular arteries

Thrombosis or bleeding from microaneurism
Histology:
Segmental fibrinoid necrosis
Infiltration mononuclear and neutrophils
Elastic laminae damage

27
Q

Down syndrome chromosomes separation

A

Meiotic nondisjunction

28
Q

Marfan and valvopatia

A

Mutation in the FBN1 gene encoding fibrillin-1
Overexpression of TGF-beta (increased production of matrix ketalloproteinases)

In mitral valve : myxomatous mitral degeneration. Mitral regurgitation. Mid to late systolic apical murmur

29
Q

Murmur resume

A
30
Q

Causes de QT longo

A
31
Q

Rheumatic mitral stenosis characterized

A

Diffuse thickening and distortion of the mitral valve leaflets

32
Q

Histology mixoma

A

Scattered cells within a mucopolysaccharide strong and blood vessels with hemorrhage

33
Q

Atherosclerosis location

A

Abdominal>coronary>poplitea>carorid>willis

A copy cat named Willis

34
Q

Reumatic fever and histology

A

Aschoff body —> intersticial myocardial granuloma. Over years they are replaced with fibrous scars tissue, leading to mitral stenosis

35
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Reduced LV compliance
Cardiac amyloidosis is a common cause. Results of acumulate amyloid protein, particularly immunoglobulin light chains or TRANSTHYRETIN

36
Q

Cerebrovascular event and venous thrombosis

A

Paradoxical embolism - ASD and PFO

37
Q

Yellow-brown intracytoplasmatic granules

A

Lipoguscin : results from free radical injury and lipid peroxidation: wear and tear product that accumulates with age and commonly seen in low turnover cells

38
Q

Morphologic changes in renal stenosis

A

Stenotic kidney: diffuse cortical thinning, tubular atrophy, intersticial fibrosis, small crowded glomeruli

Non-stenotic: thickening arteriolar wall (hyaline arteriolosclerosis) and hyperplastic art. (Onion-skinning)

39
Q

Amyloidosis histology

A

Amorphous and acellular pink material

Uworld Cardio (3 decks)

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