Patho Flashcards
Turner and valve
Bicuspid aortic valve - early systolic click RUSB. Leading aortic stenosis or regurgitation
Associated with turner syndrome
Doxorubicin and Cardiomyopathy
Dilated : reduced CO, elevated LVEDP -> pulmonary edema -> elevated RAP
Plaque stability
Macrophages secreting metalloproteinases, breakdown extracelular matrix
Papillary muscle and infarction
Acute mitral regurgitation (new systolic murmur). Reversible timely
Pulsus paradoxus
Drop > 10 SBP during inspiration
Tamponade, asthma, COPD, constrictive pericarditis
Beta agonist
Protein Gs - increases cAMP
Histológico finding in aortic dissection
Cystic medial degeneration (necrosis)
Peripartum cardiomyopaty
Dilated cardiomyopathy, eccentric hypertrophy. Increases compliance and decrease CO
Acute pericarditis
Fibrinous/serodibrinous type
Pericardial friction rub
Most specific sign
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Vavular deposition is sterile platelet-rich trombi
Hypercoagulable state seen in advanced malignancy and systemic lupus erythematosus
Enlarged coronary sinus
Pulmonary hypertension
Massive PE
RV cavity enlargement and dysfunction
WPW and EKG
Accessory pathway (bundle of Kent)
Shortened PR
Delta wave
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (most common)
Varicose veins
Chronically elevated venous pressure lead to incompetent venous valves , can result in venous stasis dermatitis
Takayasu arteritis
Female, Asian, under 40, arterio-occlusive and granulomatous inflammation os arterial media
Histologic left heart failure
Hemosiderin-laden macrophages
Histology HCM genes
Beta-myosin heavy chain and myosin-binding protein C
Histology HCM genes
Beta-myosin heavy chain and myosin-binding protein C
Long QT + deafness
Jerrell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
Potassium channels
Normal endothelial cells released —- to inhibit platelet aggregation
Prostacylin -> causes vasodilation and oppose tromboxano A2
Chronic lymphedema
Lymphadenectomy, radiation, malignant obstruction…
Early: soft skin, pitting edema
Late: firm, dry, non pitting edema
HCM and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT)
Results from a hypertrophied intraventricular septum and abnormal systolic anterior motion os the anterior leaflet of mitral valve
ASD and chambers
RA and RV volume overload (dilated cavity), but the left side doesn’t
But, septal defects distal to AV valves, dilate left too
Bicuspid aortic valve most common complications
Aortic stenosis
Watershed zones of the colon
Splenic flexure and rectosigmoid junction
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Medium sized muscular arteries
Thrombosis or bleeding from microaneurism
Histology:
Segmental fibrinoid necrosis
Infiltration mononuclear and neutrophils
Elastic laminae damage
Down syndrome chromosomes separation
Meiotic nondisjunction
Marfan and valvopatia
Mutation in the FBN1 gene encoding fibrillin-1
Overexpression of TGF-beta (increased production of matrix ketalloproteinases)
In mitral valve : myxomatous mitral degeneration. Mitral regurgitation. Mid to late systolic apical murmur
Murmur resume
Causes de QT longo
Rheumatic mitral stenosis characterized
Diffuse thickening and distortion of the mitral valve leaflets
Histology mixoma
Scattered cells within a mucopolysaccharide strong and blood vessels with hemorrhage
Atherosclerosis location
Abdominal>coronary>poplitea>carorid>willis
A copy cat named Willis
Reumatic fever and histology
Aschoff body —> intersticial myocardial granuloma. Over years they are replaced with fibrous scars tissue, leading to mitral stenosis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Reduced LV compliance
Cardiac amyloidosis is a common cause. Results of acumulate amyloid protein, particularly immunoglobulin light chains or TRANSTHYRETIN
Cerebrovascular event and venous thrombosis
Paradoxical embolism - ASD and PFO
Yellow-brown intracytoplasmatic granules
Lipoguscin : results from free radical injury and lipid peroxidation: wear and tear product that accumulates with age and commonly seen in low turnover cells
Morphologic changes in renal stenosis
Stenotic kidney: diffuse cortical thinning, tubular atrophy, intersticial fibrosis, small crowded glomeruli
Non-stenotic: thickening arteriolar wall (hyaline arteriolosclerosis) and hyperplastic art. (Onion-skinning)
Amyloidosis histology
Amorphous and acellular pink material
