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inflammation > patho 1 > Flashcards

patho 1 Flashcards

1
Q

(Integrins)

A

LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), P150 (CD11c/CD18), VLA-4.

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2
Q

p selectin stimulated by

A

histamine, thrombin

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3
Q

e selectin and ICAM, stimulated by

A

cytokine TNF and IL-1

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4
Q

increased affinity of integrins

A

chemokines, C5a, Platlet activating factor

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5
Q

L selectin on leukocyte binds to

A

GlyCAM-1, CD-34

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6
Q

chemokine that attracts neutrophils to site if inflammation

A

IL-8

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7
Q

examples of chemotactic factors

A 
1- bacterial products - N-formyl methionine termini 
2- C5a 
3- LTB4 
4- IL-8
5- HETE
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8
Q

chemotactic factors also participate in

A 
1- increase induction of adhesion molecules of EC
2- opening of integrins on leukocytes 
3- induces locomotion 
4- degranulation of lysosomal enzymes 
5- production of AA metabolites
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9
Q

example of opsonins

A

C3b, IgG, collectins

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10
Q

Inflammasome

A

a multiprotein complex in the cytoplasm that recognizes products of dead cells such as urea –> lead to activation of caspases-1 –> secretion of biologically active IL-1

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11
Q

Mammalian cells are not recognized by mannose receptors because

A

they have salilic acid and N-acetyl galactoseamine

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12
Q

protective proteins that neutralize free radicals are

A

transferrin, ceruloplasmin, catalse, superoxide dismutase, glutathione

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13
Q

Acid proteases

A

needs low ph as in phagolysome

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14
Q

Neutral proteases effects

A

✓ Elastases, collagenases, and cathepsin.
✓ Cleave C3 and C5 producing C3a & C5a.
✓ Generate bradykinin like peptides.

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15
Q

antiproteases

A

1- alpha 2 macroglobulin

2- alpha 1 antitrypsin

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16
Q

(LAD1)

A

CD18 unit of integrin (MAC1, LFA1) – CD18 deficiency results in firm adhesion issues.

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17
Q

LAD2

A

Sialyl-Lewis X –Causes rolling issues.

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18
Q

CGD (Chronic Granulomatous Disease), X-linked

A

Membrane component of NADPH oxidase. Results in: multi granulomas formation all over the body.

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19
Q

CGD, autosomal recessive

A

Cytoplasmic component of NADPH oxidase

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20
Q

MPO (Myeloperoxidase) deficiency

A

Affected/Absent MPO-H2O2 system

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21
Q

Chediak-Higashi disease

A

Organelle trafficking inhibit the killing ability by leukocytes by the inhibition of the fusion of vacuoles results in: abnormalities in platelets & albinism

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22
Q

release of serotonin is stimulated by

A

platelet aggregation, and PAF

23
Q

release of histamine is stimulated by

A 
1- physical injury 
2- binding of IgE to Fc receptors 
3- C3a and C5a binding 
4- neuropeptidase substance P
5- IL-1 and IL-8
24
Q

products of cyclooxygenase

A

PGG2, PGH2, PGI2 (prostacyclin), thrombaxane A2 (TXA2), PGE2, PGD2, PGF2

25
Q

prostacyclin

A

causes vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation

26
Q

thrombaxane A2

A

causes vasoconstriction and promote platelet aggregation, bronchospasm

27
Q

PGE2, PGD2

A

vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

28
Q

products of 5-lypooxygenase

A

HETE, LTA4, LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

29
Q

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 do?

A

bronchospasm and increased vascular permeability

30
Q

products of 12-lypooxygenase

A

LXA2, and LXB2 that inhibit neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis

31
Q

steroids inhibit?

A

phospholipase A2

32
Q

NSAIDS inhibit?

A

COX1 and COX2, mainly COX2 cuz COX1 produces PG that are good for body

33
Q

PAF

A

vasodilator, bronchoconstrictor, and increases vascular permeability

34
Q

PAF effect on leukocytes

A

increases adhesion, chemokine, degranulation of serotonin, ROS burst

35
Q

cytokines

A

hormone-like polypeptides produced by cells, involved in cell to cell communication (short half life)

36
Q

Regulators of lymphocyte function

A
  • IL-2 stimulates proliferation

* TGFβ inhibits lymphocytes growth

37
Q

Primary responders to injury(innate immunity

A

IL-1 (interleukin) &TNF (tumor necrosis factor)

38
Q

Activators of cell mediated immunity

A

INF-γ(interferon-gamma)&IL-12(interleaukin-12).

39
Q

Hematopoietic growth factors

A

IL-3(interleaukin-3) & GM-CSF(Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)

40
Q

Deficiency of C3

A

susceptibility to infections

41
Q

deficiency of C2 and C4

A

systemic lopus erythematous

42
Q

deficiency in MAC

A

neisseria infections

43
Q

decreased inhibitors of C3 and C5 convertase

A

hemolytic anemia

44
Q

decreased inhibitors of C1

A

angioneurotic edema

45
Q

mononuclear phagocytic system

A

phagocytes of spleen, liver and bonemarrow

46
Q

GI

A

crypts

47
Q

cornea

A

limbus

48
Q

bone marrow

A

hematopeotic stem cells

49
Q

skeletal muscle

A

satellite cells

50
Q

intestine

A

base of crypts

51
Q

skin hair

A

hair follicle bulge

52
Q

liver

A

hering canal

53
Q

IPS cells transcription genes

A

oct3/4, sox-2, c-myc, klf-4, Nanog

inflammation (1 decks)

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