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patho 1 Flashcards

1
Q

(Integrins)

A

LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), P150 (CD11c/CD18), VLA-4.

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2
Q

p selectin stimulated by

A

histamine, thrombin

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3
Q

e selectin and ICAM, stimulated by

A

cytokine TNF and IL-1

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4
Q

increased affinity of integrins

A

chemokines, C5a, Platlet activating factor

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5
Q

L selectin on leukocyte binds to

A

GlyCAM-1, CD-34

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6
Q

chemokine that attracts neutrophils to site if inflammation

A

IL-8

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7
Q

examples of chemotactic factors

A 
1- bacterial products - N-formyl methionine termini 
2- C5a 
3- LTB4 
4- IL-8
5- HETE
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8
Q

chemotactic factors also participate in

A 
1- increase induction of adhesion molecules of EC
2- opening of integrins on leukocytes 
3- induces locomotion 
4- degranulation of lysosomal enzymes 
5- production of AA metabolites
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9
Q

example of opsonins

A

C3b, IgG, collectins

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10
Q

Inflammasome

A

a multiprotein complex in the cytoplasm that recognizes products of dead cells such as urea –> lead to activation of caspases-1 –> secretion of biologically active IL-1

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11
Q

Mammalian cells are not recognized by mannose receptors because

A

they have salilic acid and N-acetyl galactoseamine

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12
Q

protective proteins that neutralize free radicals are

A

transferrin, ceruloplasmin, catalse, superoxide dismutase, glutathione

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13
Q

Acid proteases

A

needs low ph as in phagolysome

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14
Q

Neutral proteases effects

A

✓ Elastases, collagenases, and cathepsin.
✓ Cleave C3 and C5 producing C3a & C5a.
✓ Generate bradykinin like peptides.

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15
Q

antiproteases

A

1- alpha 2 macroglobulin

2- alpha 1 antitrypsin

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16
Q

(LAD1)

A

CD18 unit of integrin (MAC1, LFA1) – CD18 deficiency results in firm adhesion issues.

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17
Q

LAD2

A

Sialyl-Lewis X –Causes rolling issues.

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18
Q

CGD (Chronic Granulomatous Disease), X-linked

A

Membrane component of NADPH oxidase. Results in: multi granulomas formation all over the body.

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19
Q

CGD, autosomal recessive

A

Cytoplasmic component of NADPH oxidase

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20
Q

MPO (Myeloperoxidase) deficiency

A

Affected/Absent MPO-H2O2 system

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21
Q

Chediak-Higashi disease

A

Organelle trafficking inhibit the killing ability by leukocytes by the inhibition of the fusion of vacuoles results in: abnormalities in platelets & albinism

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22
Q

release of serotonin is stimulated by

A

platelet aggregation, and PAF

23
Q

release of histamine is stimulated by

A 
1- physical injury 
2- binding of IgE to Fc receptors 
3- C3a and C5a binding 
4- neuropeptidase substance P
5- IL-1 and IL-8
24
Q

products of cyclooxygenase

A

PGG2, PGH2, PGI2 (prostacyclin), thrombaxane A2 (TXA2), PGE2, PGD2, PGF2

25
prostacyclin
causes vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation
26
thrombaxane A2
causes vasoconstriction and promote platelet aggregation, bronchospasm
27
PGE2, PGD2
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
28
products of 5-lypooxygenase
HETE, LTA4, LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
29
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 do?
bronchospasm and increased vascular permeability
30
products of 12-lypooxygenase
LXA2, and LXB2 that inhibit neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis
31
steroids inhibit?
phospholipase A2
32
NSAIDS inhibit?
COX1 and COX2, mainly COX2 cuz COX1 produces PG that are good for body
33
PAF
vasodilator, bronchoconstrictor, and increases vascular permeability
34
PAF effect on leukocytes
increases adhesion, chemokine, degranulation of serotonin, ROS burst
35
cytokines
hormone-like polypeptides produced by cells, involved in cell to cell communication (short half life)
36
Regulators of lymphocyte function
* IL-2 stimulates proliferation | * TGFβ inhibits lymphocytes growth
37
Primary responders to injury(innate immunity
IL-1 (interleukin) &TNF (tumor necrosis factor)
38
Activators of cell mediated immunity
INF-γ(interferon-gamma)&IL-12(interleaukin-12).
39
Hematopoietic growth factors
IL-3(interleaukin-3) & GM-CSF(Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
40
Deficiency of C3
susceptibility to infections
41
deficiency of C2 and C4
systemic lopus erythematous
42
deficiency in MAC
neisseria infections
43
decreased inhibitors of C3 and C5 convertase
hemolytic anemia
44
decreased inhibitors of C1
angioneurotic edema
45
mononuclear phagocytic system
phagocytes of spleen, liver and bonemarrow
46
GI
crypts
47
cornea
limbus
48
bone marrow
hematopeotic stem cells
49
skeletal muscle
satellite cells
50
intestine
base of crypts
51
skin hair
hair follicle bulge
52
liver
hering canal
53
IPS cells transcription genes
oct3/4, sox-2, c-myc, klf-4, Nanog

inflammation (1 decks)

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