Pathlogical Terms Flashcards
Renal failure
Inability of kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels
or
inability to retain normal electrolytes under normal intake.
ARF
Acute Renal Failure
Regions or areas of subcutaneous swelling in the lips, mouth, eyelids, hands or feet) caused by allergic reaction to food or drugs.
Angioedema
Complete cessation of urinary secretions by the kidneys
Also known as _____________
Anuria
AKA - anuresis
Presence of bacteria in urine
Bacteriuria
Slowness of heartbeat
Typically less than _______
Bradycardia
An agent that increase the excretion of urine
Diuretic
Lasix (furosemide)
Bronchospasm
Contraction of the bronchi and bronchiolar muscles, producing restriction of air passages
Fecaluria
Fecal matter in urine
Glucosuria
Glucose in urine
Hematuria
Blood in urine
Can be microscopic or macroscopic
Hypotension
Low Blood pressure
Laryngospasm
Closure of the glottis aperature with the glottic opening of the larynx
Lithotripsy
A therapeutic technique using using sound waves to shatter or breakdown large kidney stones into smaller particles that can be passed through the ureters, bladder and urethra
Micturition
The act of voiding or urination
Nephroptosis
Drooping kidney
Excessive inferior displacement of the kidney when erect
Oliguria
Also known as ________ or _________
Scanty urine
Diminished amount of urine in relation to fluid intake
AKA hypouresis or oligouresis
Pneumouria
Air or gas in the urine
Usually the result of fistula between the bladder and intestine
Polyuria
Common symptom of ___________
A lot of urine
Passage of a large volume of water in relation to fluid intake during a given time period - common symptom of Diabetes Mellitus
Proteinuria
Also known as _______________
The presence of excessive serum protein levels in the urine
AKA albuminuria
Renal agenesis
Absence of formation of a kidney
Some people are born with one kidney
No kidneys - not compatible with life
Renal failure
Acute
Chronic
Inability of kidney to excrete metabolites of normal plasma levels
Inability to retain electrolytes under conditions of normal intake
ARF - uremia, oliguria or anuria = due to trauma, infection - quick onset, can be temporary, can develop into chronic
CRF - many reasons why this happens but results in dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Retention
The inability to void
Can be due to obstruction in urethra, or lack of sensation to urinate
Uremia
AKA ______________
Excessive urea in blood, creatinine or other nitrogenous products, often present with CRF.
AKA - azotemia
Urinary incontinence
Involuntary passage of urine through the urethra
Commonly caused by failure of voluntary control of the bladder (vesical) and urethral sphincters
Urinary reflux
AKA _______________
Backward or return of flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and kidney
Commonly caused by pyelonephritis
AKA - vesicoureteral reflux
Urinary tract infection
UTI
Infection that frequently occurs in adults and children
Commonly caused by vesicoureteral reflux
Bacteria, viruses and fungi or parasites
Uticaria
An eruption of wheals
Often caused by hypersensitivity to food or drugs.
You might be a Redneck if you use the tree as your dog
Bahahahahaha!
What is the purpose of an IVU?
- Visualize the collecting system of the excretory system
- Assess the functional ability of kidneys
- Evaluate for pathological or anatomical anomalies of the urinary system
pheochromocytoma
Rare tumor of the adrenal gland tissue.
It usually develops in the medulla of one or both glands.
This tumor causes a release of TOO MUCH epinephrine or norepinephrine (this hormone controls heart rate, metabolism, and BP)
Iodinated contrast media should not be given to people with pheochromocytoma
Multiple myeloma
A type of cancer that occurs in WBC (white blood cell) called plasma cell of the bone marrow.
Plasma cells make proteins that have antibodies that help the immune system. Malignant myeloma cells make abnormal protein that impacts the hard outer shell of the cortex of bone.
Iodinated contrast media is contraindicated for people with multiple myeloma
Sickle cell anemia
An inherited form of anemia
There are not enough normal RBC to carry adequate oxygen to body.
RBC become rigid and sticky and are shaped like crescent moon.
People in sickle cell crises should not be given iodinated contrast media.
