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Terminology > Path Terms > Flashcards

Path Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous Osteodystrophy

A

Bone Change due to prolonged PTH stimulation (hyperparathyroidism)

  • Nutritional
  • Renal due to decreased tgfr increasing the P concentration
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2
Q

Hyperostosis

A

Increased bone production

Caused by trauma
Chronic inflammation
Idiopathic

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3
Q

Osteosclerosis

A

Abnormally dense bone due to the failure of osteoclasts activity

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4
Q

Osteonecrosis

A

Death of bone cells

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5
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Bone and medullary tissue is inflamed

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6
Q

Periostieitis

A

Periosteal surface inflamed

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7
Q

Benign bone tumor

A

Osteoma, chondroma, ossifying fibroma, osteochondroma

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8
Q

Metastatic bone tumor

A

Osteosarcoma

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9
Q

Pannus

A

Growth of fibrovascular tissue with subsequent destruction of cartilage

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10
Q

Fibro consistent with fibrous

A

Chronic

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11
Q

Necrosuppurative

A

Necrosis with neutrophils

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12
Q

Pyogranulomatous

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

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13
Q

Chondromalacia

A

Thinning and fibrillation of cartilage due to matrix loss

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14
Q

Subchondral bone hyperostosis (eburnation)

A

Increased focal compression on subchondral plate due to loss of cartilage or abnormal joint loading

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15
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumornthat has a characteristic loss of cortical bone (thinned). Will not cross the bone surface

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16
Q

Periarticular osteophyte formation

A

Focal hyperostosis at attachment points of joint capsule; edges of articular surface. Due to abnormal joint loading and instability.
- this is a feature of chronic changes around the joint. The abnormal joint loading will cause hyperostosis at the periphery of the joint.

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17
Q

Osteoarthritis pathogenesis

A

Draw it out and review the sheet

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18
Q

Osteochondrosis dessecans pathogenesis

A

Draw it out and review the sheet

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19
Q

Glomerulosclerosis

A

Reaction to long term glomerular injury

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20
Q

Amyloidosis

A

manifestation of systemic AA deposition

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21
Q

Glomerulonephritis: Immune complex disease

A

this is the #1 glomerular disease we encounter caused by antigens, Ag-ab complex accumulation

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22
Q

Membranous pattern of Glomerulonephritis

A

supepithelial plus thickened Glomerular basement membrane

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23
Q

Proliferative pattern of glomerulonephritis

A

mesangela + mesangeal cell proliferation

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24
Q

Membranoproliferative Pattern of glomerulonephritis

A

subendothelial + thickened glomerular basement membrane. This pattern can be seen in a Lyme disease case

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25
Q

Clinical features of nephrotic syndrome

A

proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Subcutaneous edem
Hypercholesterolemia

26
Q

Phelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

27
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

pelvis + renal parenchyma are inflammed

28
Q

hydronephrous

A

dilation of the renal pelvis, can result in renal crest necrosis

29
Q

Nephroliths

A

massive stones found wiithin the renal pelvis

30
Q

Cystomegally

A

distended bladder

31
Q

hydroureter

A

distended ureter

32
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of the ureter

33
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

34
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

35
Q

Urolithiasis

A

stone formation around nidus

  • usually a mineral precipitate
  • predisposing factors : alkaline urine, dehydration, bacterial infection, diet
  • Obstruction at narrow points such as the sigmoid flexure
36
Q

Common neoplasms of the lower urinary tract

A

Transitional cell carcinoma
Leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma (along the smooth muscle)

37
Q

Leptospirosis in the Urinary tract

A

Acute- hemoglobinuric nephrosis
Chronic- renal disease
- enlarged nodular kidneys
- lymphogranulomatous and purulent tubulointerstitial nephritis

38
Q

What is the apperance of the kidney when there is chronic glomerular nephritis

A

The kidney is smaller than it should be. Tend to maintain a normal shape, but have blebbed apperance with white flecks to it.

39
Q

Renal dysplasia

A

-congenital/neonatal defects
Inherited in several breedds
-CRF by 3 years of age
Small segmentally fibrotic kidneys

40
Q

When a sheep liver is presented to you and it is diffusely black brown in color

A

Copper toxicosis

  • Cu accumulates in the liver
  • Massive release of Cu from liver -> acute hemolysis
  • hemaglobinuric nephropathy
41
Q

Erosion

A

loss of epithelium down to the basement membrane

42
Q

Ulcer

A

defect in cornea through the basement membrane

43
Q

Keratitis

A

The inflammation of the cornea

44
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increased white blood cell count

45
Q

Myelophthisis

A

replacement of bone marrow by non-native tissue/cells

46
Q

SCID in foals

A

hyoplasia of the thyus

47
Q

splenic histocytic sarcoma

A

splenic mass of macrophage lineage

48
Q

Pathogenesis for cushings in a horse

A

Equine chromophobe adenoma fo pars intermedia causes pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
- A fnctional tumor increases ACTH-> as this expands into the hypothalamus, there is impaired ADH production leading to hirsutism and hyperhidrosis, PU/PD

49
Q

Canine “cushing’s like syndrome

A

Due to a functional chromaphobe adenoma. This increases the ACTH secreation and causes diffuse adrenal cortical hyperplasia.

50
Q

What is the sequella to pituitary adenoma that is non-functional

A

there will by bilaterally symmetrical atrophy of the adrenal cortex

51
Q

What is the sequella to a pituitary adenoma in a canine that is functional

A

bilaterally symetrical hypertrophy of the adrenal glands

52
Q

An increase in calcitonin will do what to serum calcium levels

A

Decrease serum calcium (This is antagonistic with PTH)

53
Q

What clinical signs will you see in a dog with hypothyroidism

A

bilaterally symetrical alopecia, epidermal atrophy, hypercholesterolemia

54
Q

In concentric hypertrophy of the heart what happens to the volume of fluid the heart can hold?

A

it decreases. The lumen size is smaller

55
Q

What are the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

zona glomerulosa, Zona fasiculata, Zona REticularis

56
Q

What is the function of the adrenal gland?

A

release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

57
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

neoplasm of the adrenal medulla

58
Q

If you have hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets, what do you expect to see as changes in the ferret

A

Increased estrogenic production, so feminization ; persistant estrus

59
Q

If you increase PTH, what will happen to calcitonin and calcium levels?

A

decreased calcitonin and increased calcium

60
Q

If you have a functional parathyroid adenoma, what else will you see?

A

Fibrous osteodystrophy with hypercalcemia

61
Q

Anal sac adenocarcinomas in dogs secrete what?

A

PTH related peptide causing a hyperparathyroidism, and FOD.

62
Q

What are soem clinical signs you would see with a pheochromacytoma

A

anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea etc.

Terminology (2 decks)

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