Path Renal Disease

Question 1

Azotemia

Definition

Answer 1

Elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatine levels and usually reflects a decreased glomerular function

Question 2

What type of Azotemia is encountered when there is hypoperfusion of the kidneys, which decreases GFR in the ABSENCE of parenchymal damage

Answer 2

Prerenal azotemia

Question 3

What type of azotemia is encountered when urine flow is obstructed below the level of the kidney?

Answer 3

Postrenal azotemia

• relief of the obstruction is followed by the correction of the azotemia

Question 4

The term used when azotemia gives rise to clinical manifestations and systemic biochemical abnormalities

Answer 4

Uremia

Question 5

Diffuse vs. focal glomerular disease?

Answer 5

Diffuse - involves all or most of the glomeruli

Focal - involves some but not most of the glomeruli

Question 6

Global vs. Segmental glomerular disease?

Answer 6

Global - involves the whole glomerulus

Segmental - involves only part of the glomerulus

Question 7

Type of glomerular disease characterized by increased cells with inflammation?

Answer 7

Proliferative glomerular disease

Question 8

Type of glomerular disease characterized by increased GBM w/o increased cells?

Answer 8

Membranous glomerular disease

Question 9

Fact: Membranoproliferative glomerular disease is a combination of the two

Answer 9

Fact: Membranoproliferative glomerular disease is a combination of the two

Question 10

Disease involving bowmans space with proliferating parietal epithelial cells and infiltrating macrophages

Answer 10

Crescentic (Glomerulonephritis)

Question 11

Glomerulosclerosis

Answer 11

Fiborous scar replacing glomerulus

segmental glomerulosclerosis - replaces part of it

Question 12

The glomerular basement membrane results from embryologic fusion of…?

Answer 12

1. Epithelial basement membrane

2. endothelial basement membrane

Question 13

What type of cells provide the structural support to the glomerulus?

Answer 13

Mesangial cells

Question 14

Name the Primary glomerular diseases

Answer 14

1. Minimal-change disease
2. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
3. Membranous nephropathy
4. Acute postinfectious GN
5. Membranoproliferative GN
6. IgA nephropathy

Question 15

Name the Secondary glomerular diseases

Answer 15

1. Lupus nephritis (SLE)
2. Diabetic nephropathy
3. Amyloidosis
4. GN secomdary to multiple myeloma
5. Goodpasture syndrome
6. Microscopic polyangitis
7. Wegner’s granulomatosis
8. Henoch-schonlein
9. Bacterial endocarditis - related to GN
10. Thrombotic microangiopathy

Question 16

Name the hereditary glomerular diseases?

Answer 16

1. Alport syndrome
2. Fabry disease
3. Podocyte/slit-diaphragm protein mutations

Question 17

When will you see a granular pattern on immunofluorescence?

Answer 17

1. deposition of circulating immune complexes

2. Abs against some glomerular components deposit

Question 18

When will you see a linear immunofluorecence pattern

Answer 18

Anti-glomerular basement membrane ab glomerulonephritis

Question 19

Immunecomplex disease characterized by the formation of subepithlial “humps” above the basement membrane?

Answer 19

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis