Path: Neurodegenerative Disorders

Question 1

What is the most common debilitating neurologic dz among young adults?

Answer 1

MS

Question 2

What neurotransmitter systems are involved in synapse loss?

Answer 2

cholinergic: basal forebrain nuclei
somatostatinergic: intrinsic cortical neurons
noradrenergic: locus ceruleus
dopaminergic: substantia nigra

Question 3

What is Braak and Braak staging in Alzheimers?

Answer 3

plaques and tangles can be found in normal aging

accumulation progresses from entorhinal cortex to limbic structures to neocortex

Question 4

What is subsets are present in dementia with lewy bodies?

Answer 4

just lewy neurites

neocortical lewy bodies and lewy neurites and alzheimers pathology

Question 5

What are the 2 pathologic subtypes of dementia with lewy bodies?

Answer 5

alpha synuclein pathology alone = “diffuse lewy body dz”

coexistent alpha synuclein and alzheimers pathology = “lewy body variant of alzheimers dz”

Question 6

What is the difference between primary and secondary loss of myelin?

Answer 6

secondary - when myelin around damaged and dying axons disintegrates due to trophic signals