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RUSVM Pathology II Lab Final Study > Path II laboratory Final > Flashcards

Path II laboratory Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the morphilogical diagnosis?

A

Atrophic Rhinitis

OR

Catarhal rhinitis with asymmestrical symmetry of the nasal septum

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2
Q

Lung from a pig

What is the EDx and the pattern associated with this kind of lesion?

A

EDx: Haemotogenous bacterial infection

Pattern: Embolic pneumonia

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3
Q

The lesions are found in both middle and caudal lung lobes

DDx? Etiology?

A

DDx: Glasser’s Disease; Porcine Contagious Pneumonia

EDx: Porcine COntagious Pneumonia

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4
Q

What tissue is this?

DDx?

A

This is the tongue and larynx of a foal

The lesions are the darkish lines in the muscosa of the trachea

DDx: Aspiration Pneumonia

Common cause: Iatrogenic damage - when passing a nasal-gastric tube, the lining of the mucosa was damaged –> aspiration penumonia

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5
Q

Tissue from a young horse

MDx?

EDx?

A

MDx: Granulomatous Penumonia (Pyogranulomatous)

EDx: rhodococcus equi

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6
Q

What type of virus is most likely the cause of these lesions?

A

Calicivirus is the most likely cause

Presence of lesions on the tongue –> covered by fibrin debris

EDx: Ureamic glosidis

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7
Q

Kidney of a dog

What is the EDx?

What breed of dog is predisposed to this condition?

A

Renal amyloidosis

Shar Pei’s are extremely predisposed!

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8
Q

Between Cats and Dogs, which are more prone to the seen lesions?

In which compartment of the heart is this more commonly soon?

A

Dogs > Cats

Found predominately in the left atrium

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9
Q

Condition?

A

Uremic endocarditis of the right atrium

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10
Q

MDx?

A

Dystrophic Calcification

or

Multifocal intracostal Subplural Mineralization

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11
Q

What is the EDx?

What breeds are predisposed to this condition?

A

Uremic Gastritis

Predisposed breed: Shi-Tzu!

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12
Q

Uremic Gastritis histology slide

What kind of stain is used to obtain the pigmentation on the right?

A

Von Kossa Stain

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13
Q

Name of this condition?

A

Fibrocondro Dystrophy

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14
Q

What is abnormal about this puppy?

What can the abnormality lead to?

A

This puppy has a soft spot in the skull

The skull does not have full closure –> increased pressure on the brain –> hydrocephalus

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15
Q

Hydrocephalus of a dog

Is this more likely to be congenital or a lesion obtained after birth?

A

Congenital due to the massive amounts of damage

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16
Q

Morphological Diagnosis?

A

Chronic/advanced hydrocephalus

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17
Q

What is the “general” term used to describe this type of lesion?

What is the likely cause of this condition?

A

This condition is commonly known as “Coning” of the skull

Most likely cause is hydrocephalus

*recall that meningeal seal can look like this too; however, is caused by a hole in the skull that leads to a fluid sac formation

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18
Q

Name of this condition?

What three causes commonly lead to this condition?

A

Arthrogryposis: muscles never got a chance to move while in the womb due to lack of CNS innervation (spinal cord) –> locked limbs

Top three causes:

Schmoenburg (butchering the spelling)

Akabane Virus

BVD (will commonly see with cerebellar hypoplasia as well)

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19
Q

What two conditions are seen in this calf?

A

Dwarfism + arthrogryposis

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20
Q

Is this lesion benign or malignant?

Is it invading into the brain?

A

This lesion is more often benign and does not invade into the brain; however, it it does cuase pressure onto the brain often leading to other conditions

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21
Q

What is seen in these two cats?

A

Cerebellar coning

Bottom cat: more severe

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22
Q

There is distortion of symmetry to the brain

What is the likely pathogenesis of this type of lesion?

A

Pathogenesis: Some kin of penetration wound (potentially a bite wound) that led to this lesion

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23
Q

What organ is affected here?

Is this a tumour? if so, is it a micro or macro tumour? Furthermore, if it is a tumour, is it a functional tumour?

A

The pituitary is affected here

This specific case is a macro tumour (Micro - not space occupying; Macro - large enough to cause compression on the brain)

Most pituitary tumours are functional! (main cause of Cushin’s in dogs)

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24
Q

What is the inflammation of the ganglia called?

A

ganglioneuritis

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25
Q

This is a spinal abscess

What kind of degeneration would be expected from this abscess?

What is a common cause of spinal abscess in calves?

A

Bone abscess –> compression on spinal cord (pinched) –> mullarian degeneration (both axon and myelons are lost at the same time)

Salmonella is a common cause of abscesses in calves

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26
Q

Define impingement

A

When there is instability of the ligaments between two or more bones

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27
Q

What is this called?

What happens when this is damaged?

A

Cauda Equina

Damage –> loss of control of anal spincter (primarily) + other nerve-innervation related conditions –> uncontrolled bowel movement

Herpes virus is a common cause

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28
Q

Whats wrong with this bone?

A

NOTHING!

this is a haemopoeitically active bone of a gorwing femur!

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29
Q

What are two morphological diagnosis?

Likely cause?

A

MDx: Icterus + splenomegaley

EDx: Haemolytic Anaemia

The marked yellow discolouration of tissue + visible subcutaneous fat is from high concnetratons of serum bilirubin produced as a result of haemolytic anaemia

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30
Q

Dog: What is the cause and associated lesions?

A

Canine parvovirus - 2

Associated lesions: Lymphoid depletion + bone marrow depletion

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31
Q

MDx?

A

Metastatic Melanoma - one of the most aggressive tumours in animals and humans (very adaptive and invasive)

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32
Q

Horse

MDx?

A

Muscle haemangiosarcoma invasion into the bone and bone marrow

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33
Q

Adult Llama

Mdx? Edx?

A

Mdx: Multifocal granulomatous osteomyelitis

Edx: Tuberculosis!

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34
Q

Bones from a goat

Can you recognize the regions of abnormality?

What is the Mdx? Edx?

A

Lymphosarcoma

Red marow and white fat marrow is being displaced along the medullary cavity

There is also increase in yellow coloured tumour tissue near the epiphysis

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35
Q

Cow

When “jelly” like lesion is seen what pathological process do you think of?

MDx?

EDx?

A

When you see jelly like lesions –> Degeneration

Mdx: Serous atrophy of bone marrow fat

Edx: Chronic wasting Disease; Starvation; etc.

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36
Q

Dog bones

What is the Mdx? Edx?

what associated clinical pathology findings will there be?

A

This is a case of Multiple Myeloma –> punched out lesions of areas of osteolysis

Associated findings: Hypercalcemia, monoclonal gammopathy, Cytopenia

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37
Q

Dog lymph node

what is the MDx? Most likely pathological process?

A

Hallmark of inflammation is hypemia –> red and congested + increased size

Acute lymphadenititis

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38
Q

Cat throacic cavity

What is causing compression on the lungs?

A

Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) of the cranial mediastinal lymph node

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39
Q

Horse! (Dorsal View)

Name the organ that is affected

MDx?

EDx?

A

Larynx - left and right retropharyngeal lymph nodes

MDx: Supporative lymphadenitis

Edx: Streptococcous equi - Strangles!!!

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40
Q

Sheep lymph node

Mdx? EDx?

A

MDx: Caseous Lymphadenitis

Edx: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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41
Q

MDx?

Name of the disease?

A

MDx: Fibronecrotic lymphadenitis

Edx/name of disease: Mycobacterium bovis - Tuberculosis

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42
Q

What is wrong with this pig?

A

Jaw abscess

Mandibular lymph nodes are enlarged

Strptococcous porcinus

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43
Q

Cow

What part of the cow is this?

What is the MDx?

A

Cow Spinal Cord

Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma); vertebral canal + epidural space

44
Q

What is the Mdx?

What are some EDx?

A

MDx: Granulomatous lymphandenitis

EDx: Cryptococcous, Blastomycosis, Histoplasma, Capsulatem, Sporothrix cati

45
Q

Onion rings <– what causes it?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Diffuse granulomatous lymphadenitis –> caseous lymphadenitis

46
Q

Ox Ileum

What is the MDx?

What is being affected? what is the disase that causes this?

A

MDx: Acute diffuse necrosis of the ileum

Peyer’s patches are affected

Disease: Mucosal disease = BVDV

47
Q

MDx?

A

Siderotic plaques

Nodular hyperplasia (incised area)

48
Q

What is the pigment (brown on haematoxilin and eosin) that stains blue with the Prussian blue reaction (histochemical stain for iron)?

A

Haemosiderin

49
Q

What are some potential differentials for the lesion seen?

A

Histiocytic sarcoma

Lymphoma

Plasma cell tumour

Mast cell tumour

Splentitis

Amyloidosis

50
Q

Dog spleen

Morphological diagnosis?

A

Infarct! this is the classic look of infarct, know it well

Chronic splenic infarct

51
Q

Pig

What organ is affected here?

What causes this type of enlargment in a pig?

A

Spleen is affected here

African Swine Fever –> diffuse severe splenic congestion

(Recall: Classical Swine Fever = infarcts of the spleen)

52
Q

What is the likely cause of both these lesions?

A

Metastatic haemangiosarcoma

53
Q

Cat

Mdx?

A

Thymic lymphosarcoma

54
Q

Skin of a dog

What is morpholigically abnormal?

MDx?

What endocrine abnormality liekly underlies this skin lesion?

What other tissues may have lesions too?

A

Morphological abnormalities: Crusting, papules, mineralization

MDx: pyoderma - exudative dermititis

Endocrine abnormality - Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism)

Other tissues that are affected: Pituitary adenoma or adrenal tumour; bilateral allopecia; pot belly (redistribution of fat); hepatomegley; urinary tract infection + skin infection = smelly dog!

55
Q

Adrenal Glands

Mdx?

EDx?

Disease name?

A

MDx: Adrenal coritical hyperplasia

EDx: Pituitary adenoma (functional) –> over production of ACTH

Disease name: Pituitary dependent (secondary) hyperadrenocorticism

56
Q

What is morphologically abnormal?

MDx?

A

Extremely small thyroid galnds + fat surrounding the thyroid glands

Mdx: Thyroid atrophy –> hypothyroidism

57
Q

What is the likely cuase of this lesion?

A

Coronary atherosclerosis

There is clear space between cells (lipids) as well as mineralization of the cells. Muscle cells can no longer be distinguished either

Other things that will be seen: hypercholesteroemia –> deposit of cholestrol witihin the arterial walls –> antherosclerosis

58
Q

Old Cat

What is wrong here?

MDx?

A

Morphigcal abnormality: thyroid gland is multinodular and at least 3x normal size

Mdx: Nodular hyperplasia OR adenodemous hyperplasia

Signs of malignant thryoid tumour - locally infiltrative (unable to define margins)

Thyroid carcinomas are VERY rare in cats

59
Q

What is wrong here?

A

Biventricular myocardinal hypertrophy

Cause: congestion of the lungs or liver –> formation of thrombosis

60
Q

Kidney

Mdx?

A

Web-shaped area = acute renal infarct

likely due to hyperthyroidism

61
Q

Adult cat

MDx?

What other lesions should be seen?

A

Mdx: Multifocal parathryoid hyperplasia

Other lesions: parathyroid hyperplasia is usually secondary too…

Renal failure –> hypocalcemia

Nutritional deficiency –> Vit D deficiency

62
Q

Whats effected here?

A

Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac

63
Q

What kind of problems do we commonly see with hyperparathyroidism?

A

Excessive production of parathyroid hromone –> increase in Ca w/ decrease Phos

Hypercalcemia w/ malignancy

Metastatic calification (soft tissue mineralization)

64
Q

What are all of these organs experiencing?

A

Pain and agony

but more importantly: soft tissue mineralization - calcification

65
Q

Adrenal glands from a horse

What is the likely pathologicla process?

Based on the pathological process, what type is it?

A

Metastasis of the adrenal glands are common –> can lead to Addison’s disease

Inflammations are rare; therefore, this is more likely neoplasia

Most likely: Theochromacocytoma

66
Q

Ferret

Etiology?

A

Pancreatic islet cell adenoma - Aka: Insulinoma (#1 tumour of ferrets!)

causes hypoglyecmia

67
Q

MDx?

2 possible causes

Possible clinical signs?

A

MDx: Multifocal to coalacing ulcerative gastritis

Etiology: NSAID overdose or Uremia

Clinical signs: Melena (digested blood) found in faeces

68
Q

Dog

Name of Syndrome + Etiology?

A

Brown Bowel Syndrome

Cause: Vit. E deficiency

69
Q

MDx?

A

Teeth Dental Calculus (plaques)

70
Q

Equine Stomach

MDx and Etiology?

A

Stomach Multifocal ulceration (proliferative)

Etiology: Gastrophilus spp.

71
Q

Equine

MDx?

Cause?

A

Organ: Small Intestine

MDx: Jejunum (intestinal) granulomatous enteritis

Mycobacterium

72
Q

THIS IS NOT ON THE EXAM

just an FYI

CAT: Organ?

A

Normal Esophagus of a cat

Herringbone pattern

73
Q

Equine

MDx (both left and right side)

Etiology?

A

Equine Stomach

Gastric hyperplasia associated with triostrongulus axei

Multifocal ulceration due to Gastrophilus spp.

74
Q

Equine

What organ is this?

MDx?

A

Small intestine

MDx: Ulceration, perforation and rupture of duedenum

75
Q

Equine

EDx?

A

EDx: Ascaridial enteritis

MDx would be: Catarrh enteritis

76
Q

Equine

MDx?

A

Multifocal to coalescing necrotizing gastritis

OR

Gastric ulcers

77
Q

What does this look like to you?

A

Looks like a predator from the movie Alien vs Predator to me

but its actually a Llama rumen

78
Q

Dog

MDx?

Name of this disease

A

Necrohaemorrhagic Enteritis

Name: Canine Parvoviral Enteritis

*make sure to know parvo! he has multiple slides on this*

79
Q

Bovine

MDx?

Etiology?

A

MDx: Ulcerative Glossitis and Esophagitis

Etiology: BVD (bovine pestivirus)

80
Q

Bovine

MDx?

potential etiology?

A

MDx: Reticulum lymphosarcoma (Neoplastic lymphoblasts)

Etiology: BoLV - Bovine leukemia Virus (retrovirus)

This type of lesion will take time (>2 years)

81
Q

Cat

MDx?

Etiology?

A

Multifocal granulomatous vasculitis/peritonitis

Etiology: FIP

82
Q

Dog

MDx?

A

Oral cavity Malignant melanoma

83
Q

Pig

What organ is this?

Name of disease?

Etiology?

A

This is the large intestine*

Colon-spiral swine dysentery

Etiology: Brachyspira hyodisenteriae

*it is important to know this is the large intestine. If this was the small intestine than the etiology would be lawsonia intracellularis

84
Q

Ovine

EDx?

A

Intestinal coccidosis –> Necrohaemorrhagic Colitis

85
Q

Canine

Mdx?

A

Intestinal Intussuception

86
Q

Canine

MDx?

A

Ulcerative Uremic glossitis

87
Q

Bovine

What is this?

A

Rumen content phytobezoars

88
Q

Canine

MDx?

A

MDx: Megaesophagus

Etiology: Persistant right aortic arch OR Achalasia

89
Q

Canine

MDx?

A

Canine Oral Pappillomatosis

90
Q

Bovine

MDx?

Etiology?

DDx?

A

MDx: Ulcerative Stomatitis

Etiology: BVD

DDx: Malignant catarhal Fever - MCF

91
Q

Canine

MDx?

Etiology?

A

MDx: Intestinal Acute segmental Haemorrhagic enteritis

CANINE PARVOVIRUS - 2

*REMEMBER PARVO!!!*

92
Q

Canine

MDx?

A

Mdx: Inguinal hernia incarceration

93
Q

Bovine

MDx?

what complications will we see?

A

Cleft Palate

Potential problems: aspiration pnemonia

94
Q

Equine

MDx?

A

Stomach

Squamous cell carcinoma

95
Q

Equine

Mdx?

A

Intestinal (jejunum) stenosis

96
Q

Eye from a Calf

MDx?

Potential Etiology?

DDx?

A

What we see: Neovascularization (cornea), ulceration, corneal oedema

MDx: Ulcerative Keratitis OR Corneal Ulcer

Etiology: Moraxella Bovis

DDx: Trauma + secondary bacterial infection

Viral: BVD, Herpes, MCF, IBR

97
Q

Eye of a dog

MDx?

A

MDx: Inflamed meiobian gland adenoma

98
Q

Describe this lesion. What would be the MDx?

A

Description: Multifocal corneal oedema.

MDx: Tropical keratopathy (Florida Spots)

99
Q

Describe this!

A

Early corneal endothelial dystrophy –> multifocal corneal oedema

Progressively worsens

100
Q

MDx?

Name the condition?

Potential Causes?

A

MDx: Corneal Oedema

Name of Condition: Glaucoma

Potential Cause: Trauma; obstruction of filtration angle; endothelium strestches –> allows fluid into cornea

Why is the eye so dilated? This cat is likely blind, so the retina is not receiving the light that is transmitted

101
Q

Whats the MDx?

Name of this disease?

A

How Dr. Dennis described it: semilunal red opaque slightly elevated from the limbus to middle of cornea

MDx: Chronic superfifical keratitis

Name of disese: Pannus

102
Q

Iris is thickened, pale and nodular

What is the MDx?

A

Lymphoma!

103
Q

Retina detachment + white mass under retina.

What are some DDx?

Etiology in this case?

A

DDx: Subretinal lymphoma; granulomatous choroid retinitis; Trauma; fungus; FIP

Etiology: Cryptococcus causing granulomatous choroid retinitis

104
Q

Plaque on cornea + neovascularization w/ some corneal opacity?

whats the best MDx?

A

Keratitis

This could be squamous cell carcinoma if the leisons were more raised

105
Q

Ear of a Cocker Spaniel

MDx?

Potential Cuase?

Enderlying Factors?

Consequences?

A

Described: Skin into folds and nodules; waxy exudate; rough surface lichenification; impinged ear canal

MDx: Chronic otitis externa

Cause: Malassezia; pseudomonas; proteus; staph

Underlying factors: Breed predisposition –> ear anatomy

Consequences: Hearing loss, progresses to media/interna; neruological signs (head tilt)

RUSVM Pathology II Lab Final Study (1 decks)

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