Path II laboratory Final Flashcards
What is the morphilogical diagnosis?
Atrophic Rhinitis
OR
Catarhal rhinitis with asymmestrical symmetry of the nasal septum
Lung from a pig
What is the EDx and the pattern associated with this kind of lesion?
EDx: Haemotogenous bacterial infection
Pattern: Embolic pneumonia
The lesions are found in both middle and caudal lung lobes
DDx? Etiology?
DDx: Glasser’s Disease; Porcine Contagious Pneumonia
EDx: Porcine COntagious Pneumonia
What tissue is this?
DDx?
This is the tongue and larynx of a foal
The lesions are the darkish lines in the muscosa of the trachea
DDx: Aspiration Pneumonia
Common cause: Iatrogenic damage - when passing a nasal-gastric tube, the lining of the mucosa was damaged –> aspiration penumonia
Tissue from a young horse
MDx?
EDx?
MDx: Granulomatous Penumonia (Pyogranulomatous)
EDx: rhodococcus equi
What type of virus is most likely the cause of these lesions?
Calicivirus is the most likely cause
Presence of lesions on the tongue –> covered by fibrin debris
EDx: Ureamic glosidis
Kidney of a dog
What is the EDx?
What breed of dog is predisposed to this condition?
Renal amyloidosis
Shar Pei’s are extremely predisposed!
Between Cats and Dogs, which are more prone to the seen lesions?
In which compartment of the heart is this more commonly soon?
Dogs > Cats
Found predominately in the left atrium
Condition?
Uremic endocarditis of the right atrium
MDx?
Dystrophic Calcification
or
Multifocal intracostal Subplural Mineralization
What is the EDx?
What breeds are predisposed to this condition?
Uremic Gastritis
Predisposed breed: Shi-Tzu!
Uremic Gastritis histology slide
What kind of stain is used to obtain the pigmentation on the right?
Von Kossa Stain
Name of this condition?
Fibrocondro Dystrophy
What is abnormal about this puppy?
What can the abnormality lead to?
This puppy has a soft spot in the skull
The skull does not have full closure –> increased pressure on the brain –> hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus of a dog
Is this more likely to be congenital or a lesion obtained after birth?
Congenital due to the massive amounts of damage
Morphological Diagnosis?
Chronic/advanced hydrocephalus
What is the “general” term used to describe this type of lesion?
What is the likely cause of this condition?
This condition is commonly known as “Coning” of the skull
Most likely cause is hydrocephalus
*recall that meningeal seal can look like this too; however, is caused by a hole in the skull that leads to a fluid sac formation
Name of this condition?
What three causes commonly lead to this condition?
Arthrogryposis: muscles never got a chance to move while in the womb due to lack of CNS innervation (spinal cord) –> locked limbs
Top three causes:
Schmoenburg (butchering the spelling)
Akabane Virus
BVD (will commonly see with cerebellar hypoplasia as well)
What two conditions are seen in this calf?
Dwarfism + arthrogryposis
Is this lesion benign or malignant?
Is it invading into the brain?
This lesion is more often benign and does not invade into the brain; however, it it does cuase pressure onto the brain often leading to other conditions
What is seen in these two cats?
Cerebellar coning
Bottom cat: more severe
There is distortion of symmetry to the brain
What is the likely pathogenesis of this type of lesion?
Pathogenesis: Some kin of penetration wound (potentially a bite wound) that led to this lesion
What organ is affected here?
Is this a tumour? if so, is it a micro or macro tumour? Furthermore, if it is a tumour, is it a functional tumour?
The pituitary is affected here
This specific case is a macro tumour (Micro - not space occupying; Macro - large enough to cause compression on the brain)
Most pituitary tumours are functional! (main cause of Cushin’s in dogs)
What is the inflammation of the ganglia called?
ganglioneuritis
This is a spinal abscess
What kind of degeneration would be expected from this abscess?
What is a common cause of spinal abscess in calves?
Bone abscess –> compression on spinal cord (pinched) –> mullarian degeneration (both axon and myelons are lost at the same time)
Salmonella is a common cause of abscesses in calves
Define impingement
When there is instability of the ligaments between two or more bones
What is this called?
What happens when this is damaged?
Cauda Equina
Damage –> loss of control of anal spincter (primarily) + other nerve-innervation related conditions –> uncontrolled bowel movement
Herpes virus is a common cause
Whats wrong with this bone?
NOTHING!
this is a haemopoeitically active bone of a gorwing femur!
What are two morphological diagnosis?
Likely cause?
MDx: Icterus + splenomegaley
EDx: Haemolytic Anaemia
The marked yellow discolouration of tissue + visible subcutaneous fat is from high concnetratons of serum bilirubin produced as a result of haemolytic anaemia
Dog: What is the cause and associated lesions?
Canine parvovirus - 2
Associated lesions: Lymphoid depletion + bone marrow depletion
MDx?
Metastatic Melanoma - one of the most aggressive tumours in animals and humans (very adaptive and invasive)
Horse
MDx?
Muscle haemangiosarcoma invasion into the bone and bone marrow
Adult Llama
Mdx? Edx?
Mdx: Multifocal granulomatous osteomyelitis
Edx: Tuberculosis!
Bones from a goat
Can you recognize the regions of abnormality?
What is the Mdx? Edx?
Lymphosarcoma
Red marow and white fat marrow is being displaced along the medullary cavity
There is also increase in yellow coloured tumour tissue near the epiphysis
Cow
When “jelly” like lesion is seen what pathological process do you think of?
MDx?
EDx?
When you see jelly like lesions –> Degeneration
Mdx: Serous atrophy of bone marrow fat
Edx: Chronic wasting Disease; Starvation; etc.
Dog bones
What is the Mdx? Edx?
what associated clinical pathology findings will there be?
This is a case of Multiple Myeloma –> punched out lesions of areas of osteolysis
Associated findings: Hypercalcemia, monoclonal gammopathy, Cytopenia
Dog lymph node
what is the MDx? Most likely pathological process?
Hallmark of inflammation is hypemia –> red and congested + increased size
Acute lymphadenititis
Cat throacic cavity
What is causing compression on the lungs?
Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) of the cranial mediastinal lymph node
Horse! (Dorsal View)
Name the organ that is affected
MDx?
EDx?
Larynx - left and right retropharyngeal lymph nodes
MDx: Supporative lymphadenitis
Edx: Streptococcous equi - Strangles!!!
Sheep lymph node
Mdx? EDx?
MDx: Caseous Lymphadenitis
Edx: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
MDx?
Name of the disease?
MDx: Fibronecrotic lymphadenitis
Edx/name of disease: Mycobacterium bovis - Tuberculosis
What is wrong with this pig?
Jaw abscess
Mandibular lymph nodes are enlarged
Strptococcous porcinus
Cow
What part of the cow is this?
What is the MDx?
Cow Spinal Cord
Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma); vertebral canal + epidural space
What is the Mdx?
What are some EDx?
MDx: Granulomatous lymphandenitis
EDx: Cryptococcous, Blastomycosis, Histoplasma, Capsulatem, Sporothrix cati
Onion rings <– what causes it?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Diffuse granulomatous lymphadenitis –> caseous lymphadenitis
Ox Ileum
What is the MDx?
What is being affected? what is the disase that causes this?
MDx: Acute diffuse necrosis of the ileum
Peyer’s patches are affected
Disease: Mucosal disease = BVDV
MDx?
Siderotic plaques
Nodular hyperplasia (incised area)
What is the pigment (brown on haematoxilin and eosin) that stains blue with the Prussian blue reaction (histochemical stain for iron)?
Haemosiderin
What are some potential differentials for the lesion seen?
Histiocytic sarcoma
Lymphoma
Plasma cell tumour
Mast cell tumour
Splentitis
Amyloidosis
Dog spleen
Morphological diagnosis?
Infarct! this is the classic look of infarct, know it well
Chronic splenic infarct
Pig
What organ is affected here?
What causes this type of enlargment in a pig?
Spleen is affected here
African Swine Fever –> diffuse severe splenic congestion
(Recall: Classical Swine Fever = infarcts of the spleen)
What is the likely cause of both these lesions?
Metastatic haemangiosarcoma
Cat
Mdx?
Thymic lymphosarcoma
Skin of a dog
What is morpholigically abnormal?
MDx?
What endocrine abnormality liekly underlies this skin lesion?
What other tissues may have lesions too?
Morphological abnormalities: Crusting, papules, mineralization
MDx: pyoderma - exudative dermititis
Endocrine abnormality - Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism)
Other tissues that are affected: Pituitary adenoma or adrenal tumour; bilateral allopecia; pot belly (redistribution of fat); hepatomegley; urinary tract infection + skin infection = smelly dog!
Adrenal Glands
Mdx?
EDx?
Disease name?
MDx: Adrenal coritical hyperplasia
EDx: Pituitary adenoma (functional) –> over production of ACTH
Disease name: Pituitary dependent (secondary) hyperadrenocorticism
What is morphologically abnormal?
MDx?
Extremely small thyroid galnds + fat surrounding the thyroid glands
Mdx: Thyroid atrophy –> hypothyroidism
What is the likely cuase of this lesion?
Coronary atherosclerosis
There is clear space between cells (lipids) as well as mineralization of the cells. Muscle cells can no longer be distinguished either
Other things that will be seen: hypercholesteroemia –> deposit of cholestrol witihin the arterial walls –> antherosclerosis
Old Cat
What is wrong here?
MDx?
Morphigcal abnormality: thyroid gland is multinodular and at least 3x normal size
Mdx: Nodular hyperplasia OR adenodemous hyperplasia
Signs of malignant thryoid tumour - locally infiltrative (unable to define margins)
Thyroid carcinomas are VERY rare in cats
What is wrong here?
Biventricular myocardinal hypertrophy
Cause: congestion of the lungs or liver –> formation of thrombosis
Kidney
Mdx?
Web-shaped area = acute renal infarct
likely due to hyperthyroidism
Adult cat
MDx?
What other lesions should be seen?
Mdx: Multifocal parathryoid hyperplasia
Other lesions: parathyroid hyperplasia is usually secondary too…
Renal failure –> hypocalcemia
Nutritional deficiency –> Vit D deficiency
Whats effected here?
Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac
What kind of problems do we commonly see with hyperparathyroidism?
Excessive production of parathyroid hromone –> increase in Ca w/ decrease Phos
Hypercalcemia w/ malignancy
Metastatic calification (soft tissue mineralization)
What are all of these organs experiencing?
Pain and agony
but more importantly: soft tissue mineralization - calcification
Adrenal glands from a horse
What is the likely pathologicla process?
Based on the pathological process, what type is it?
Metastasis of the adrenal glands are common –> can lead to Addison’s disease
Inflammations are rare; therefore, this is more likely neoplasia
Most likely: Theochromacocytoma
Ferret
Etiology?
Pancreatic islet cell adenoma - Aka: Insulinoma (#1 tumour of ferrets!)
causes hypoglyecmia
MDx?
2 possible causes
Possible clinical signs?
MDx: Multifocal to coalacing ulcerative gastritis
Etiology: NSAID overdose or Uremia
Clinical signs: Melena (digested blood) found in faeces
Dog
Name of Syndrome + Etiology?
Brown Bowel Syndrome
Cause: Vit. E deficiency
MDx?
Teeth Dental Calculus (plaques)
Equine Stomach
MDx and Etiology?
Stomach Multifocal ulceration (proliferative)
Etiology: Gastrophilus spp.
Equine
MDx?
Cause?
Organ: Small Intestine
MDx: Jejunum (intestinal) granulomatous enteritis
Mycobacterium
THIS IS NOT ON THE EXAM
just an FYI
CAT: Organ?
Normal Esophagus of a cat
Herringbone pattern
Equine
MDx (both left and right side)
Etiology?
Equine Stomach
Gastric hyperplasia associated with triostrongulus axei
Multifocal ulceration due to Gastrophilus spp.
Equine
What organ is this?
MDx?
Small intestine
MDx: Ulceration, perforation and rupture of duedenum
Equine
EDx?
EDx: Ascaridial enteritis
MDx would be: Catarrh enteritis
Equine
MDx?
Multifocal to coalescing necrotizing gastritis
OR
Gastric ulcers
What does this look like to you?
Looks like a predator from the movie Alien vs Predator to me
but its actually a Llama rumen
Dog
MDx?
Name of this disease
Necrohaemorrhagic Enteritis
Name: Canine Parvoviral Enteritis
*make sure to know parvo! he has multiple slides on this*
Bovine
MDx?
Etiology?
MDx: Ulcerative Glossitis and Esophagitis
Etiology: BVD (bovine pestivirus)
Bovine
MDx?
potential etiology?
MDx: Reticulum lymphosarcoma (Neoplastic lymphoblasts)
Etiology: BoLV - Bovine leukemia Virus (retrovirus)
This type of lesion will take time (>2 years)
Cat
MDx?
Etiology?
Multifocal granulomatous vasculitis/peritonitis
Etiology: FIP
Dog
MDx?
Oral cavity Malignant melanoma
Pig
What organ is this?
Name of disease?
Etiology?
This is the large intestine*
Colon-spiral swine dysentery
Etiology: Brachyspira hyodisenteriae
*it is important to know this is the large intestine. If this was the small intestine than the etiology would be lawsonia intracellularis
Ovine
EDx?
Intestinal coccidosis –> Necrohaemorrhagic Colitis
Canine
Mdx?
Intestinal Intussuception
Canine
MDx?
Ulcerative Uremic glossitis
Bovine
What is this?
Rumen content phytobezoars
Canine
MDx?
MDx: Megaesophagus
Etiology: Persistant right aortic arch OR Achalasia
Canine
MDx?
Canine Oral Pappillomatosis
Bovine
MDx?
Etiology?
DDx?
MDx: Ulcerative Stomatitis
Etiology: BVD
DDx: Malignant catarhal Fever - MCF
Canine
MDx?
Etiology?
MDx: Intestinal Acute segmental Haemorrhagic enteritis
CANINE PARVOVIRUS - 2
*REMEMBER PARVO!!!*
Canine
MDx?
Mdx: Inguinal hernia incarceration
Bovine
MDx?
what complications will we see?
Cleft Palate
Potential problems: aspiration pnemonia
Equine
MDx?
Stomach
Squamous cell carcinoma
Equine
Mdx?
Intestinal (jejunum) stenosis
Eye from a Calf
MDx?
Potential Etiology?
DDx?
What we see: Neovascularization (cornea), ulceration, corneal oedema
MDx: Ulcerative Keratitis OR Corneal Ulcer
Etiology: Moraxella Bovis
DDx: Trauma + secondary bacterial infection
Viral: BVD, Herpes, MCF, IBR
Eye of a dog
MDx?
MDx: Inflamed meiobian gland adenoma
Describe this lesion. What would be the MDx?
Description: Multifocal corneal oedema.
MDx: Tropical keratopathy (Florida Spots)
Describe this!
Early corneal endothelial dystrophy –> multifocal corneal oedema
Progressively worsens
MDx?
Name the condition?
Potential Causes?
MDx: Corneal Oedema
Name of Condition: Glaucoma
Potential Cause: Trauma; obstruction of filtration angle; endothelium strestches –> allows fluid into cornea
Why is the eye so dilated? This cat is likely blind, so the retina is not receiving the light that is transmitted
Whats the MDx?
Name of this disease?
How Dr. Dennis described it: semilunal red opaque slightly elevated from the limbus to middle of cornea
MDx: Chronic superfifical keratitis
Name of disese: Pannus
Iris is thickened, pale and nodular
What is the MDx?
Lymphoma!
Retina detachment + white mass under retina.
What are some DDx?
Etiology in this case?
DDx: Subretinal lymphoma; granulomatous choroid retinitis; Trauma; fungus; FIP
Etiology: Cryptococcus causing granulomatous choroid retinitis
Plaque on cornea + neovascularization w/ some corneal opacity?
whats the best MDx?
Keratitis
This could be squamous cell carcinoma if the leisons were more raised
Ear of a Cocker Spaniel
MDx?
Potential Cuase?
Enderlying Factors?
Consequences?
Described: Skin into folds and nodules; waxy exudate; rough surface lichenification; impinged ear canal
MDx: Chronic otitis externa
Cause: Malassezia; pseudomonas; proteus; staph
Underlying factors: Breed predisposition –> ear anatomy
Consequences: Hearing loss, progresses to media/interna; neruological signs (head tilt)
