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Path II laboratory Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the morphilogical diagnosis?

A

Atrophic Rhinitis

OR

Catarhal rhinitis with asymmestrical symmetry of the nasal septum

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2
Q

Lung from a pig

What is the EDx and the pattern associated with this kind of lesion?

A

EDx: Haemotogenous bacterial infection

Pattern: Embolic pneumonia

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3
Q

The lesions are found in both middle and caudal lung lobes

DDx? Etiology?

A

DDx: Glasser’s Disease; Porcine Contagious Pneumonia

EDx: Porcine COntagious Pneumonia

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4
Q

What tissue is this?

DDx?

A

This is the tongue and larynx of a foal

The lesions are the darkish lines in the muscosa of the trachea

DDx: Aspiration Pneumonia

Common cause: Iatrogenic damage - when passing a nasal-gastric tube, the lining of the mucosa was damaged –> aspiration penumonia

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5
Q

Tissue from a young horse

MDx?

EDx?

A

MDx: Granulomatous Penumonia (Pyogranulomatous)

EDx: rhodococcus equi

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6
Q

What type of virus is most likely the cause of these lesions?

A

Calicivirus is the most likely cause

Presence of lesions on the tongue –> covered by fibrin debris

EDx: Ureamic glosidis

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7
Q

Kidney of a dog

What is the EDx?

What breed of dog is predisposed to this condition?

A

Renal amyloidosis

Shar Pei’s are extremely predisposed!

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8
Q

Between Cats and Dogs, which are more prone to the seen lesions?

In which compartment of the heart is this more commonly soon?

A

Dogs > Cats

Found predominately in the left atrium

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9
Q

Condition?

A

Uremic endocarditis of the right atrium

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10
Q

MDx?

A

Dystrophic Calcification

or

Multifocal intracostal Subplural Mineralization

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11
Q

What is the EDx?

What breeds are predisposed to this condition?

A

Uremic Gastritis

Predisposed breed: Shi-Tzu!

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12
Q

Uremic Gastritis histology slide

What kind of stain is used to obtain the pigmentation on the right?

A

Von Kossa Stain

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13
Q

Name of this condition?

A

Fibrocondro Dystrophy

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14
Q

What is abnormal about this puppy?

What can the abnormality lead to?

A

This puppy has a soft spot in the skull

The skull does not have full closure –> increased pressure on the brain –> hydrocephalus

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15
Q

Hydrocephalus of a dog

Is this more likely to be congenital or a lesion obtained after birth?

A

Congenital due to the massive amounts of damage

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16
Q

Morphological Diagnosis?

A

Chronic/advanced hydrocephalus

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17
Q

What is the “general” term used to describe this type of lesion?

What is the likely cause of this condition?

A

This condition is commonly known as “Coning” of the skull

Most likely cause is hydrocephalus

*recall that meningeal seal can look like this too; however, is caused by a hole in the skull that leads to a fluid sac formation

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18
Q

Name of this condition?

What three causes commonly lead to this condition?

A

Arthrogryposis: muscles never got a chance to move while in the womb due to lack of CNS innervation (spinal cord) –> locked limbs

Top three causes:

Schmoenburg (butchering the spelling)

Akabane Virus

BVD (will commonly see with cerebellar hypoplasia as well)

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19
Q

What two conditions are seen in this calf?

A

Dwarfism + arthrogryposis

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20
Q

Is this lesion benign or malignant?

Is it invading into the brain?

A

This lesion is more often benign and does not invade into the brain; however, it it does cuase pressure onto the brain often leading to other conditions

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21
Q

What is seen in these two cats?

A

Cerebellar coning

Bottom cat: more severe

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22
Q

There is distortion of symmetry to the brain

What is the likely pathogenesis of this type of lesion?

A

Pathogenesis: Some kin of penetration wound (potentially a bite wound) that led to this lesion

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23
Q

What organ is affected here?

Is this a tumour? if so, is it a micro or macro tumour? Furthermore, if it is a tumour, is it a functional tumour?

A

The pituitary is affected here

This specific case is a macro tumour (Micro - not space occupying; Macro - large enough to cause compression on the brain)

Most pituitary tumours are functional! (main cause of Cushin’s in dogs)

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24
Q

What is the inflammation of the ganglia called?

A

ganglioneuritis

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25
This is a spinal abscess What kind of degeneration would be expected from this abscess? What is a common cause of spinal abscess in calves?
Bone abscess --\> compression on spinal cord (pinched) --\> mullarian degeneration (both axon and myelons are lost at the same time) Salmonella is a common cause of abscesses in calves
26
Define impingement
When there is instability of the ligaments between two or more bones
27
What is this called? What happens when this is damaged?
Cauda Equina Damage --\> loss of control of anal spincter (primarily) + other nerve-innervation related conditions --\> uncontrolled bowel movement Herpes virus is a common cause
28
Whats wrong with this bone?
NOTHING! this is a haemopoeitically active bone of a gorwing femur!
29
What are two morphological diagnosis? Likely cause?
MDx: Icterus + splenomegaley EDx: Haemolytic Anaemia The marked yellow discolouration of tissue + visible subcutaneous fat is from high concnetratons of serum bilirubin produced as a result of haemolytic anaemia
30
Dog: What is the cause and associated lesions?
Canine parvovirus - 2 Associated lesions: Lymphoid depletion + bone marrow depletion
31
MDx?
Metastatic Melanoma - one of the most aggressive tumours in animals and humans (very adaptive and invasive)
32
Horse MDx?
Muscle haemangiosarcoma invasion into the bone and bone marrow
33
Adult Llama Mdx? Edx?
Mdx: Multifocal granulomatous osteomyelitis Edx: Tuberculosis!
34
Bones from a goat Can you recognize the regions of abnormality? What is the Mdx? Edx?
Lymphosarcoma Red marow and white fat marrow is being displaced along the medullary cavity There is also increase in yellow coloured tumour tissue near the epiphysis
35
Cow When "jelly" like lesion is seen what pathological process do you think of? MDx? EDx?
When you see jelly like lesions --\> Degeneration Mdx: Serous atrophy of bone marrow fat Edx: Chronic wasting Disease; Starvation; etc.
36
Dog bones What is the Mdx? Edx? what associated clinical pathology findings will there be?
This is a case of Multiple Myeloma --\> punched out lesions of areas of osteolysis Associated findings: Hypercalcemia, monoclonal gammopathy, Cytopenia
37
Dog lymph node what is the MDx? Most likely pathological process?
Hallmark of inflammation is hypemia --\> red and congested + increased size Acute lymphadenititis
38
Cat throacic cavity What is causing compression on the lungs?
Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) of the cranial mediastinal lymph node
39
Horse! (Dorsal View) Name the organ that is affected MDx? EDx?
Larynx - left and right retropharyngeal lymph nodes MDx: Supporative lymphadenitis Edx: Streptococcous equi - Strangles!!!
40
Sheep lymph node Mdx? EDx?
MDx: Caseous Lymphadenitis Edx: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
41
MDx? Name of the disease?
MDx: Fibronecrotic lymphadenitis Edx/name of disease: Mycobacterium bovis - Tuberculosis
42
What is wrong with this pig?
Jaw abscess Mandibular lymph nodes are enlarged Strptococcous porcinus
43
Cow What part of the cow is this? What is the MDx?
Cow Spinal Cord Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma); vertebral canal + epidural space
44
What is the Mdx? What are some EDx?
MDx: Granulomatous lymphandenitis EDx: Cryptococcous, Blastomycosis, Histoplasma, Capsulatem, Sporothrix cati
45
Onion rings \<-- what causes it?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Diffuse granulomatous lymphadenitis --\> caseous lymphadenitis
46
Ox Ileum What is the MDx? What is being affected? what is the disase that causes this?
MDx: Acute diffuse necrosis of the ileum Peyer's patches are affected Disease: Mucosal disease = BVDV
47
MDx?
Siderotic plaques Nodular hyperplasia (incised area)
48
What is the pigment (brown on haematoxilin and eosin) that stains blue with the Prussian blue reaction (histochemical stain for iron)?
Haemosiderin
49
What are some potential differentials for the lesion seen?
Histiocytic sarcoma Lymphoma Plasma cell tumour Mast cell tumour Splentitis Amyloidosis
50
Dog spleen Morphological diagnosis?
Infarct! this is the classic look of infarct, know it well Chronic splenic infarct
51
Pig What organ is affected here? What causes this type of enlargment in a pig?
Spleen is affected here African Swine Fever --\> diffuse severe splenic congestion (Recall: Classical Swine Fever = infarcts of the spleen)
52
What is the likely cause of both these lesions?
Metastatic haemangiosarcoma
53
Cat Mdx?
Thymic lymphosarcoma
54
Skin of a dog What is morpholigically abnormal? MDx? What endocrine abnormality liekly underlies this skin lesion? What other tissues may have lesions too?
Morphological abnormalities: Crusting, papules, mineralization MDx: pyoderma - exudative dermititis Endocrine abnormality - Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism) Other tissues that are affected: Pituitary adenoma or adrenal tumour; bilateral allopecia; pot belly (redistribution of fat); hepatomegley; urinary tract infection + skin infection = smelly dog!
55
Adrenal Glands Mdx? EDx? Disease name?
MDx: Adrenal coritical hyperplasia EDx: Pituitary adenoma (functional) --\> over production of ACTH Disease name: Pituitary dependent (secondary) hyperadrenocorticism
56
What is morphologically abnormal? MDx?
Extremely small thyroid galnds + fat surrounding the thyroid glands Mdx: Thyroid atrophy --\> hypothyroidism
57
What is the likely cuase of this lesion?
Coronary atherosclerosis There is clear space between cells (lipids) as well as mineralization of the cells. Muscle cells can no longer be distinguished either Other things that will be seen: hypercholesteroemia --\> deposit of cholestrol witihin the arterial walls --\> antherosclerosis
58
Old Cat What is wrong here? MDx?
Morphigcal abnormality: thyroid gland is multinodular and at least 3x normal size Mdx: Nodular hyperplasia OR adenodemous hyperplasia Signs of malignant thryoid tumour - locally infiltrative (unable to define margins) Thyroid carcinomas are VERY rare in cats
59
What is wrong here?
Biventricular myocardinal hypertrophy Cause: congestion of the lungs or liver --\> formation of thrombosis
60
Kidney Mdx?
Web-shaped area = acute renal infarct likely due to hyperthyroidism
61
Adult cat MDx? What other lesions should be seen?
Mdx: Multifocal parathryoid hyperplasia Other lesions: parathyroid hyperplasia is usually secondary too... Renal failure --\> hypocalcemia Nutritional deficiency --\> Vit D deficiency
62
Whats effected here?
Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac
63
What kind of problems do we commonly see with hyperparathyroidism?
Excessive production of parathyroid hromone --\> increase in Ca w/ decrease Phos Hypercalcemia w/ malignancy Metastatic calification (soft tissue mineralization)
64
What are all of these organs experiencing?
Pain and agony but more importantly: soft tissue mineralization - calcification
65
Adrenal glands from a horse What is the likely pathologicla process? Based on the pathological process, what type is it?
Metastasis of the adrenal glands are common --\> can lead to Addison's disease Inflammations are rare; therefore, this is more likely neoplasia Most likely: Theochromacocytoma
66
Ferret Etiology?
Pancreatic islet cell adenoma - Aka: Insulinoma (#1 tumour of ferrets!) causes hypoglyecmia
67
MDx? 2 possible causes Possible clinical signs?
MDx: Multifocal to coalacing ulcerative gastritis Etiology: NSAID overdose or Uremia Clinical signs: Melena (digested blood) found in faeces
68
Dog Name of Syndrome + Etiology?
Brown Bowel Syndrome Cause: Vit. E deficiency
69
MDx?
Teeth Dental Calculus (plaques)
70
Equine Stomach MDx and Etiology?
Stomach Multifocal ulceration (proliferative) Etiology: Gastrophilus spp.
71
Equine MDx? Cause?
Organ: Small Intestine MDx: Jejunum (intestinal) granulomatous enteritis *Mycobacterium*
72
THIS IS NOT ON THE EXAM just an FYI CAT: Organ?
Normal Esophagus of a cat Herringbone pattern
73
Equine MDx (both left and right side) Etiology?
Equine Stomach Gastric hyperplasia associated with triostrongulus axei Multifocal ulceration due to Gastrophilus spp.
74
Equine What organ is this? MDx?
Small intestine MDx: Ulceration, perforation and rupture of duedenum
75
Equine EDx?
EDx: Ascaridial enteritis MDx would be: Catarrh enteritis
76
Equine MDx?
Multifocal to coalescing necrotizing gastritis OR Gastric ulcers
77
What does this look like to you?
Looks like a predator from the movie Alien vs Predator to me but its actually a Llama rumen
78
Dog MDx? Name of this disease
Necrohaemorrhagic Enteritis Name: Canine Parvoviral Enteritis \*make sure to know parvo! he has multiple slides on this\*
79
Bovine MDx? Etiology?
MDx: Ulcerative Glossitis and Esophagitis Etiology: BVD (bovine pestivirus)
80
Bovine MDx? potential etiology?
MDx: Reticulum lymphosarcoma (Neoplastic lymphoblasts) Etiology: BoLV - Bovine leukemia Virus (retrovirus) This type of lesion will take time (\>2 years)
81
Cat MDx? Etiology?
Multifocal granulomatous vasculitis/peritonitis Etiology: FIP
82
Dog MDx?
Oral cavity Malignant melanoma
83
Pig What organ is this? Name of disease? Etiology?
This is the large intestine\* Colon-spiral swine dysentery Etiology: Brachyspira hyodisenteriae \*it is important to know this is the large intestine. If this was the small intestine than the etiology would be lawsonia intracellularis
84
Ovine EDx?
Intestinal coccidosis --\> Necrohaemorrhagic Colitis
85
Canine Mdx?
Intestinal Intussuception
86
Canine MDx?
Ulcerative Uremic glossitis
87
Bovine What is this?
Rumen content phytobezoars
88
Canine MDx?
MDx: Megaesophagus Etiology: Persistant right aortic arch OR Achalasia
89
Canine MDx?
Canine Oral Pappillomatosis
90
Bovine MDx? Etiology? DDx?
MDx: Ulcerative Stomatitis Etiology: BVD DDx: Malignant catarhal Fever - MCF
91
Canine MDx? Etiology?
MDx: Intestinal Acute segmental Haemorrhagic enteritis CANINE PARVOVIRUS - 2 \*REMEMBER PARVO!!!\*
92
Canine MDx?
Mdx: Inguinal hernia incarceration
93
Bovine MDx? what complications will we see?
Cleft Palate Potential problems: aspiration pnemonia
94
Equine MDx?
Stomach Squamous cell carcinoma
95
Equine Mdx?
Intestinal (jejunum) stenosis
96
Eye from a Calf MDx? Potential Etiology? DDx?
What we see: Neovascularization (cornea), ulceration, corneal oedema MDx: Ulcerative Keratitis OR Corneal Ulcer Etiology: Moraxella Bovis DDx: Trauma + secondary bacterial infection Viral: BVD, Herpes, MCF, IBR
97
Eye of a dog MDx?
MDx: Inflamed meiobian gland adenoma
98
Describe this lesion. What would be the MDx?
Description: Multifocal corneal oedema. MDx: Tropical keratopathy (Florida Spots)
99
Describe this!
Early corneal endothelial dystrophy --\> multifocal corneal oedema Progressively worsens
100
MDx? Name the condition? Potential Causes?
MDx: Corneal Oedema Name of Condition: Glaucoma Potential Cause: Trauma; obstruction of filtration angle; endothelium strestches --\> allows fluid into cornea *Why is the eye so dilated? This cat is likely blind, so the retina is not receiving the light that is transmitted*
101
Whats the MDx? Name of this disease?
How Dr. Dennis described it: semilunal red opaque slightly elevated from the limbus to middle of cornea MDx: Chronic superfifical keratitis Name of disese: Pannus
102
Iris is thickened, pale and nodular What is the MDx?
Lymphoma!
103
Retina detachment + white mass under retina. What are some DDx? Etiology in this case?
DDx: Subretinal lymphoma; granulomatous choroid retinitis; Trauma; fungus; FIP Etiology: Cryptococcus causing granulomatous choroid retinitis
104
Plaque on cornea + neovascularization w/ some corneal opacity? whats the best MDx?
Keratitis This could be squamous cell carcinoma if the leisons were more raised
105
Ear of a Cocker Spaniel MDx? Potential Cuase? Enderlying Factors? Consequences?
Described: Skin into folds and nodules; waxy exudate; rough surface lichenification; impinged ear canal MDx: Chronic otitis externa Cause: Malassezia; pseudomonas; proteus; staph Underlying factors: Breed predisposition --\> ear anatomy Consequences: Hearing loss, progresses to media/interna; neruological signs (head tilt)

RUSVM Pathology II Lab Final Study (1 decks)

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