Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Pathology II Lab Final Study > Path II laboratory Final > Flashcards

Path II laboratory Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the morphilogical diagnosis?

A

Atrophic Rhinitis

OR

Catarhal rhinitis with asymmestrical symmetry of the nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lung from a pig

What is the EDx and the pattern associated with this kind of lesion?

A

EDx: Haemotogenous bacterial infection

Pattern: Embolic pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The lesions are found in both middle and caudal lung lobes

DDx? Etiology?

A

DDx: Glasser’s Disease; Porcine Contagious Pneumonia

EDx: Porcine COntagious Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What tissue is this?

DDx?

A

This is the tongue and larynx of a foal

The lesions are the darkish lines in the muscosa of the trachea

DDx: Aspiration Pneumonia

Common cause: Iatrogenic damage - when passing a nasal-gastric tube, the lining of the mucosa was damaged –> aspiration penumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tissue from a young horse

MDx?

EDx?

A

MDx: Granulomatous Penumonia (Pyogranulomatous)

EDx: rhodococcus equi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of virus is most likely the cause of these lesions?

A

Calicivirus is the most likely cause

Presence of lesions on the tongue –> covered by fibrin debris

EDx: Ureamic glosidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Kidney of a dog

What is the EDx?

What breed of dog is predisposed to this condition?

A

Renal amyloidosis

Shar Pei’s are extremely predisposed!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Between Cats and Dogs, which are more prone to the seen lesions?

In which compartment of the heart is this more commonly soon?

A

Dogs > Cats

Found predominately in the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Condition?

A

Uremic endocarditis of the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MDx?

A

Dystrophic Calcification

or

Multifocal intracostal Subplural Mineralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the EDx?

What breeds are predisposed to this condition?

A

Uremic Gastritis

Predisposed breed: Shi-Tzu!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Uremic Gastritis histology slide

What kind of stain is used to obtain the pigmentation on the right?

A

Von Kossa Stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name of this condition?

A

Fibrocondro Dystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is abnormal about this puppy?

What can the abnormality lead to?

A

This puppy has a soft spot in the skull

The skull does not have full closure –> increased pressure on the brain –> hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydrocephalus of a dog

Is this more likely to be congenital or a lesion obtained after birth?

A

Congenital due to the massive amounts of damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Morphological Diagnosis?

A

Chronic/advanced hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the “general” term used to describe this type of lesion?

What is the likely cause of this condition?

A

This condition is commonly known as “Coning” of the skull

Most likely cause is hydrocephalus

*recall that meningeal seal can look like this too; however, is caused by a hole in the skull that leads to a fluid sac formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name of this condition?

What three causes commonly lead to this condition?

A

Arthrogryposis: muscles never got a chance to move while in the womb due to lack of CNS innervation (spinal cord) –> locked limbs

Top three causes:

Schmoenburg (butchering the spelling)

Akabane Virus

BVD (will commonly see with cerebellar hypoplasia as well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What two conditions are seen in this calf?

A

Dwarfism + arthrogryposis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is this lesion benign or malignant?

Is it invading into the brain?

A

This lesion is more often benign and does not invade into the brain; however, it it does cuase pressure onto the brain often leading to other conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is seen in these two cats?

A

Cerebellar coning

Bottom cat: more severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

There is distortion of symmetry to the brain

What is the likely pathogenesis of this type of lesion?

A

Pathogenesis: Some kin of penetration wound (potentially a bite wound) that led to this lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What organ is affected here?

Is this a tumour? if so, is it a micro or macro tumour? Furthermore, if it is a tumour, is it a functional tumour?

A

The pituitary is affected here

This specific case is a macro tumour (Micro - not space occupying; Macro - large enough to cause compression on the brain)

Most pituitary tumours are functional! (main cause of Cushin’s in dogs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the inflammation of the ganglia called?

A

ganglioneuritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This is a spinal abscess

What kind of degeneration would be expected from this abscess?

What is a common cause of spinal abscess in calves?

A

Bone abscess –> compression on spinal cord (pinched) –> mullarian degeneration (both axon and myelons are lost at the same time)

Salmonella is a common cause of abscesses in calves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define impingement

A

When there is instability of the ligaments between two or more bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is this called?

What happens when this is damaged?

A

Cauda Equina

Damage –> loss of control of anal spincter (primarily) + other nerve-innervation related conditions –> uncontrolled bowel movement

Herpes virus is a common cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Whats wrong with this bone?

A

NOTHING!

this is a haemopoeitically active bone of a gorwing femur!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are two morphological diagnosis?

Likely cause?

A

MDx: Icterus + splenomegaley

EDx: Haemolytic Anaemia

The marked yellow discolouration of tissue + visible subcutaneous fat is from high concnetratons of serum bilirubin produced as a result of haemolytic anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Dog: What is the cause and associated lesions?

A

Canine parvovirus - 2

Associated lesions: Lymphoid depletion + bone marrow depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

MDx?

A

Metastatic Melanoma - one of the most aggressive tumours in animals and humans (very adaptive and invasive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Horse

MDx?

A

Muscle haemangiosarcoma invasion into the bone and bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Adult Llama

Mdx? Edx?

A

Mdx: Multifocal granulomatous osteomyelitis

Edx: Tuberculosis!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Bones from a goat

Can you recognize the regions of abnormality?

What is the Mdx? Edx?

A

Lymphosarcoma

Red marow and white fat marrow is being displaced along the medullary cavity

There is also increase in yellow coloured tumour tissue near the epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cow

When “jelly” like lesion is seen what pathological process do you think of?

MDx?

EDx?

A

When you see jelly like lesions –> Degeneration

Mdx: Serous atrophy of bone marrow fat

Edx: Chronic wasting Disease; Starvation; etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Dog bones

What is the Mdx? Edx?

what associated clinical pathology findings will there be?

A

This is a case of Multiple Myeloma –> punched out lesions of areas of osteolysis

Associated findings: Hypercalcemia, monoclonal gammopathy, Cytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Dog lymph node

what is the MDx? Most likely pathological process?

A

Hallmark of inflammation is hypemia –> red and congested + increased size

Acute lymphadenititis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cat throacic cavity

What is causing compression on the lungs?

A

Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) of the cranial mediastinal lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Horse! (Dorsal View)

Name the organ that is affected

MDx?

EDx?

A

Larynx - left and right retropharyngeal lymph nodes

MDx: Supporative lymphadenitis

Edx: Streptococcous equi - Strangles!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Sheep lymph node

Mdx? EDx?

A

MDx: Caseous Lymphadenitis

Edx: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

MDx?

Name of the disease?

A

MDx: Fibronecrotic lymphadenitis

Edx/name of disease: Mycobacterium bovis - Tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is wrong with this pig?

A

Jaw abscess

Mandibular lymph nodes are enlarged

Strptococcous porcinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Cow

What part of the cow is this?

What is the MDx?

A

Cow Spinal Cord

Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma); vertebral canal + epidural space

44
Q

What is the Mdx?

What are some EDx?

A

MDx: Granulomatous lymphandenitis

EDx: Cryptococcous, Blastomycosis, Histoplasma, Capsulatem, Sporothrix cati

45
Q

Onion rings <– what causes it?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Diffuse granulomatous lymphadenitis –> caseous lymphadenitis

46
Q

Ox Ileum

What is the MDx?

What is being affected? what is the disase that causes this?

A

MDx: Acute diffuse necrosis of the ileum

Peyer’s patches are affected

Disease: Mucosal disease = BVDV

47
Q

MDx?

A

Siderotic plaques

Nodular hyperplasia (incised area)

48
Q

What is the pigment (brown on haematoxilin and eosin) that stains blue with the Prussian blue reaction (histochemical stain for iron)?

A

Haemosiderin

49
Q

What are some potential differentials for the lesion seen?

A

Histiocytic sarcoma

Lymphoma

Plasma cell tumour

Mast cell tumour

Splentitis

Amyloidosis

50
Q

Dog spleen

Morphological diagnosis?

A

Infarct! this is the classic look of infarct, know it well

Chronic splenic infarct

51
Q

Pig

What organ is affected here?

What causes this type of enlargment in a pig?

A

Spleen is affected here

African Swine Fever –> diffuse severe splenic congestion

(Recall: Classical Swine Fever = infarcts of the spleen)

52
Q

What is the likely cause of both these lesions?

A

Metastatic haemangiosarcoma

53
Q

Cat

Mdx?

A

Thymic lymphosarcoma

54
Q

Skin of a dog

What is morpholigically abnormal?

MDx?

What endocrine abnormality liekly underlies this skin lesion?

What other tissues may have lesions too?

A

Morphological abnormalities: Crusting, papules, mineralization

MDx: pyoderma - exudative dermititis

Endocrine abnormality - Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism)

Other tissues that are affected: Pituitary adenoma or adrenal tumour; bilateral allopecia; pot belly (redistribution of fat); hepatomegley; urinary tract infection + skin infection = smelly dog!

55
Q

Adrenal Glands

Mdx?

EDx?

Disease name?

A

MDx: Adrenal coritical hyperplasia

EDx: Pituitary adenoma (functional) –> over production of ACTH

Disease name: Pituitary dependent (secondary) hyperadrenocorticism

56
Q

What is morphologically abnormal?

MDx?

A

Extremely small thyroid galnds + fat surrounding the thyroid glands

Mdx: Thyroid atrophy –> hypothyroidism

57
Q

What is the likely cuase of this lesion?

A

Coronary atherosclerosis

There is clear space between cells (lipids) as well as mineralization of the cells. Muscle cells can no longer be distinguished either

Other things that will be seen: hypercholesteroemia –> deposit of cholestrol witihin the arterial walls –> antherosclerosis

58
Q

Old Cat

What is wrong here?

MDx?

A

Morphigcal abnormality: thyroid gland is multinodular and at least 3x normal size

Mdx: Nodular hyperplasia OR adenodemous hyperplasia

Signs of malignant thryoid tumour - locally infiltrative (unable to define margins)

Thyroid carcinomas are VERY rare in cats

59
Q

What is wrong here?

A

Biventricular myocardinal hypertrophy

Cause: congestion of the lungs or liver –> formation of thrombosis

60
Q

Kidney

Mdx?

A

Web-shaped area = acute renal infarct

likely due to hyperthyroidism

61
Q

Adult cat

MDx?

What other lesions should be seen?

A

Mdx: Multifocal parathryoid hyperplasia

Other lesions: parathyroid hyperplasia is usually secondary too…

Renal failure –> hypocalcemia

Nutritional deficiency –> Vit D deficiency

62
Q

Whats effected here?

A

Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac

63
Q

What kind of problems do we commonly see with hyperparathyroidism?

A

Excessive production of parathyroid hromone –> increase in Ca w/ decrease Phos

Hypercalcemia w/ malignancy

Metastatic calification (soft tissue mineralization)

64
Q

What are all of these organs experiencing?

A

Pain and agony

but more importantly: soft tissue mineralization - calcification

65
Q

Adrenal glands from a horse

What is the likely pathologicla process?

Based on the pathological process, what type is it?

A

Metastasis of the adrenal glands are common –> can lead to Addison’s disease

Inflammations are rare; therefore, this is more likely neoplasia

Most likely: Theochromacocytoma

66
Q

Ferret

Etiology?

A

Pancreatic islet cell adenoma - Aka: Insulinoma (#1 tumour of ferrets!)

causes hypoglyecmia

67
Q

MDx?

2 possible causes

Possible clinical signs?

A

MDx: Multifocal to coalacing ulcerative gastritis

Etiology: NSAID overdose or Uremia

Clinical signs: Melena (digested blood) found in faeces

68
Q

Dog

Name of Syndrome + Etiology?

A

Brown Bowel Syndrome

Cause: Vit. E deficiency

69
Q

MDx?

A

Teeth Dental Calculus (plaques)

70
Q

Equine Stomach

MDx and Etiology?

A

Stomach Multifocal ulceration (proliferative)

Etiology: Gastrophilus spp.

71
Q

Equine

MDx?

Cause?

A

Organ: Small Intestine

MDx: Jejunum (intestinal) granulomatous enteritis

Mycobacterium

72
Q

THIS IS NOT ON THE EXAM

just an FYI

CAT: Organ?

A

Normal Esophagus of a cat

Herringbone pattern

73
Q

Equine

MDx (both left and right side)

Etiology?

A

Equine Stomach

Gastric hyperplasia associated with triostrongulus axei

Multifocal ulceration due to Gastrophilus spp.

74
Q

Equine

What organ is this?

MDx?

A

Small intestine

MDx: Ulceration, perforation and rupture of duedenum

75
Q

Equine

EDx?

A

EDx: Ascaridial enteritis

MDx would be: Catarrh enteritis

76
Q

Equine

MDx?

A

Multifocal to coalescing necrotizing gastritis

OR

Gastric ulcers

77
Q

What does this look like to you?

A

Looks like a predator from the movie Alien vs Predator to me

but its actually a Llama rumen

78
Q

Dog

MDx?

Name of this disease

A

Necrohaemorrhagic Enteritis

Name: Canine Parvoviral Enteritis

*make sure to know parvo! he has multiple slides on this*

79
Q

Bovine

MDx?

Etiology?

A

MDx: Ulcerative Glossitis and Esophagitis

Etiology: BVD (bovine pestivirus)

80
Q

Bovine

MDx?

potential etiology?

A

MDx: Reticulum lymphosarcoma (Neoplastic lymphoblasts)

Etiology: BoLV - Bovine leukemia Virus (retrovirus)

This type of lesion will take time (>2 years)

81
Q

Cat

MDx?

Etiology?

A

Multifocal granulomatous vasculitis/peritonitis

Etiology: FIP

82
Q

Dog

MDx?

A

Oral cavity Malignant melanoma

83
Q

Pig

What organ is this?

Name of disease?

Etiology?

A

This is the large intestine*

Colon-spiral swine dysentery

Etiology: Brachyspira hyodisenteriae

*it is important to know this is the large intestine. If this was the small intestine than the etiology would be lawsonia intracellularis

84
Q

Ovine

EDx?

A

Intestinal coccidosis –> Necrohaemorrhagic Colitis

85
Q

Canine

Mdx?

A

Intestinal Intussuception

86
Q

Canine

MDx?

A

Ulcerative Uremic glossitis

87
Q

Bovine

What is this?

A

Rumen content phytobezoars

88
Q

Canine

MDx?

A

MDx: Megaesophagus

Etiology: Persistant right aortic arch OR Achalasia

89
Q

Canine

MDx?

A

Canine Oral Pappillomatosis

90
Q

Bovine

MDx?

Etiology?

DDx?

A

MDx: Ulcerative Stomatitis

Etiology: BVD

DDx: Malignant catarhal Fever - MCF

91
Q

Canine

MDx?

Etiology?

A

MDx: Intestinal Acute segmental Haemorrhagic enteritis

CANINE PARVOVIRUS - 2

*REMEMBER PARVO!!!*

92
Q

Canine

MDx?

A

Mdx: Inguinal hernia incarceration

93
Q

Bovine

MDx?

what complications will we see?

A

Cleft Palate

Potential problems: aspiration pnemonia

94
Q

Equine

MDx?

A

Stomach

Squamous cell carcinoma

95
Q

Equine

Mdx?

A

Intestinal (jejunum) stenosis

96
Q

Eye from a Calf

MDx?

Potential Etiology?

DDx?

A

What we see: Neovascularization (cornea), ulceration, corneal oedema

MDx: Ulcerative Keratitis OR Corneal Ulcer

Etiology: Moraxella Bovis

DDx: Trauma + secondary bacterial infection

Viral: BVD, Herpes, MCF, IBR

97
Q

Eye of a dog

MDx?

A

MDx: Inflamed meiobian gland adenoma

98
Q

Describe this lesion. What would be the MDx?

A

Description: Multifocal corneal oedema.

MDx: Tropical keratopathy (Florida Spots)

99
Q

Describe this!

A

Early corneal endothelial dystrophy –> multifocal corneal oedema

Progressively worsens

100
Q

MDx?

Name the condition?

Potential Causes?

A

MDx: Corneal Oedema

Name of Condition: Glaucoma

Potential Cause: Trauma; obstruction of filtration angle; endothelium strestches –> allows fluid into cornea

Why is the eye so dilated? This cat is likely blind, so the retina is not receiving the light that is transmitted

101
Q

Whats the MDx?

Name of this disease?

A

How Dr. Dennis described it: semilunal red opaque slightly elevated from the limbus to middle of cornea

MDx: Chronic superfifical keratitis

Name of disese: Pannus

102
Q

Iris is thickened, pale and nodular

What is the MDx?

A

Lymphoma!

103
Q

Retina detachment + white mass under retina.

What are some DDx?

Etiology in this case?

A

DDx: Subretinal lymphoma; granulomatous choroid retinitis; Trauma; fungus; FIP

Etiology: Cryptococcus causing granulomatous choroid retinitis

104
Q

Plaque on cornea + neovascularization w/ some corneal opacity?

whats the best MDx?

A

Keratitis

This could be squamous cell carcinoma if the leisons were more raised

105
Q

Ear of a Cocker Spaniel

MDx?

Potential Cuase?

Enderlying Factors?

Consequences?

A

Described: Skin into folds and nodules; waxy exudate; rough surface lichenification; impinged ear canal

MDx: Chronic otitis externa

Cause: Malassezia; pseudomonas; proteus; staph

Underlying factors: Breed predisposition –> ear anatomy

Consequences: Hearing loss, progresses to media/interna; neruological signs (head tilt)

RUSVM Pathology II Lab Final Study (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions