Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AIM - Renal > Path HY > Flashcards

Path HY Flashcards

1
Q

nephrOtic syndromes

A
  • podocyte effacment
  • hyperlipidemia
  • frothy urine
  • proteinuria > 3.5 g/day
  • edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name the nephrotic syndromes

A
  • minimal change disease
  • FSGS
  • amyloidosis
  • diabetic nephropathy
  • MPGN
  • membranous nephropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

minimal change disease

A
  • flat podocytes (cytokines)
  • Hodgkin Lymphoma
  • SELECTIVE proteinuria (albumin only)
  • Tx: steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

FSGS

A
  • unknown cause of flat podocytes
  • severe version of minimal change disease
  • HIV, sickle cell
  • no response to steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

membranous nephropathy

A
  • immune complexes deposit in BM (PLA2R on podocytes)
  • subEPIthelial
  • tumor, hepatitis, RA
  • spike + dome appearance
  • IF: IgG, C3 (granular)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diabetic nephropathy

A
  • glycosylation of BM
  • proteinuria
  • sclerosis of EA leads to sclerosis of glomeruli
  • Kimmelstiel Wilson bodies
  • nodular mesangial sclerosis
  • Tx: ARB, ACEi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

amyloidosis

A
  • extracellular buildup of amyloid paraproteins
  • apple green biorefringence
  • mesangial sclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

membranoproliferative (MPGN)

A
  • thick BM
  • hypercellularity of mesangial cells
  • TRAM TRACK

Type 1- subendothelial IgG, C3 (hepatitis, lupus)
Type 2- BM C3, hypocomplementemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

type 1 MPGN

A
  • subendothelial deposits
  • IgG, C3
  • hep b/c, SLE
  • tram track
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

type 2 MPGN

A
  • deposits in BM
  • C3 only
  • hypocomplementemia
  • C3 nephritic factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nephrItic syndromes

A
  • hematuria
  • proteinuria <3.5 g/day
  • RBC casts
  • oliguria
  • decr GFR
  • hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name the nephritic syn

A
  • post infectious GN
  • IgA nephropathy (Henoch, Berger)
  • Lupus Nephritis (4 - DPGN)
  • cresentic/RPGN
  • MPGN
  • Alport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

post-infectious GN

A
  • 2/3 weeks after infection
  • subENDOthelial deposition (but see subEPIthelial humps)
  • HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIA
  • hypercellular glomeruli (neutrophils)
  • IF: IgG, C3
  • Tx: supportive only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IgA nephropathy

A
  • 2/3 DAYS after infection
  • IgA response to trigger (URI)
  • mesangioproliferative bc IgA deposits in mesangium
  • activates complement, but only weakly, so no hypocomplementemia
  • IF: IgA granular

Henoch Schonlein has extra renal involvement (skin, GI, joints)

Berger is renal only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lupus Nephritis 4/ DPGN

A
  • subENDOthelial deposits
  • hypercellular
  • thickened capillary loops
  • IF: “full house” IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C1q
  • fever, rash, arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RPGN

A
  • cresentic
  • macrophages + fibrin

Type 1: antiGBM antibodies, goodpasture (linear IF)

Type 2: hypersensitivity, SLE, post strep GN (granular IF)

Type 3: ANCA positive (pauci immune)

17
Q

type 1 RPGN

A
  • antiGBM antibodies
  • LINEAR IF
  • goodpastures
18
Q

type 2 RPGN

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • SLE, post strep
  • GRANULAR IF
19
Q

type 3 RPGN

A
  • ANCA positive
  • pauci immune IF
  • lymphocyte release
20
Q

Alport Syn

A
  • genetic type 4 collagen defect
  • can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear a bee (eyes, ears, renal)
  • x linked
  • lamellation of GBM
21
Q

thin basement membrane disease

A
  • non progressive hematuria
  • benign
  • AD
  • defect in type 4 collagen (make less)
22
Q

acute interstitial nephritis

A
  • hypersensitivity rxn (EOS, PMNs)
  • trigger: PCN, sulfas, NSAIDS, diuretics
  • assoc w: sarcoidosis, sjogren, SLE
  • fever, rash, AKI
  • WBC casts
  • EOS
  • can lead to papillary necrosis
23
Q

chronic interstitial nephritis

A
  • chronic use of NSAIDs, phenacetin, caffeine
  • papillary necrosis (slough off, obstruct)
  • large calcified scars
24
Q

papillary necrosis

A
  • classic feature of analgesic nephropathy
  • coagulative necrosis of papillae
  • sloughing of tissue
  • hematuria
  • painless
  • normal renal fxn

causes: chronic drug use, diabetes, acute pyelonephritis, sickle cell anemia

25
Q

acute pyelonephritis

A
  • E coli
  • ascending infection
  • predisposing: DM, urinary reflux
  • UTI
  • WBC, hematuria, WBC casts
  • distended tubules due to pus
26
Q

chronic pyelonephritis

A
  • parenchymal scarring
  • SEVERE DISTORTION of pelvis/calyces
  • sclerosed glomeruli
  • THYROIDIZATION
27
Q

myeloma kidney

A
  • paraprotein
  • distended tubules with lumenal casts
  • can be due to hypercalcemia
28
Q

cortical necrosis

A
  • acute onset of renal failure
  • anuria
  • causes: septic shock, obstetric catastrophes
29
Q

urate nephropathy

A
  • large uric load
  • gout
  • tumor lysis syndrome
  • kidney stones
  • yellow blue biorefringence
30
Q

benign hypertensive arteriolosclerosis

A
  • hyalinized intima
  • hyperplasia of media
  • onion skin fibrosis
  • flea bite kidney
31
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A
  • fever, wt loss, fatigue
  • men > women
  • tobacco, HTN, obesity
  • PCT cells
  • clear cells: glycogen, lipid
  • triad: hematuria, flank pain, flank mass
  • VHL deletion
  • paraneoplastics (renin, PTH, ACTH, EPO)
  • left sided varicocele
  • retroperitoneal LN spread to lung, bone
  • Tx: surgery
32
Q

Wilm’s tumor/ nephroblastoma

A

-young kids
-blastema, epithelium, stroma
-WAGR (wilms, aniridia, genital abnorm., retardation)
-Denys Drash
-Beckwith Wiedman (pediatric overgrowth)
-high renin – HTN
-

33
Q

oncocytoma

A
  • large, TAN
  • Nest and cord growth
  • cortical
  • EOSINOPHILC and GRANULAR cytoplasm
  • myxoid stroma
  • epithelial in origin
34
Q

angiomyolipoma

A
  • blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose
  • EOS
  • TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS
35
Q

urothelial carcinoma

A
  • tobacco, chemo, occupational exposure, phenacetin, radiation
  • no casts in urine
  • HEMATURIA
  • frequent urgent painful urination
  • Tx: surgery
36
Q

urothelial papilloma

A
  • children
  • normal urothelium, but on papilla
  • high grade
37
Q

urothelial carcinoma in situ

A
  • flat (no papillae)
  • no umbrella layer
  • high grade
  • shed cells into urine (urine cytology to diagnose)
  • eos
  • pleiomorphic
38
Q

squamous

A
  • schisto

- UTI

39
Q

adenocarcinoma

A
  • glandular
  • urachal remnant
  • cystitis/extrophy

AIM - Renal (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions