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Boards Dental Anatomy > Path (from B&B) > Flashcards

Path (from B&B) Flashcards

1
Q

type I hypersensitivity reactions

A

Anaphylactic
-allergen activates B-lymphocytes and IgE

  • HISTAMINE is the primary mediator
  • these responses are FIRST and FAST
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2
Q

Type II hypersensitivity reactions

A

Cytotoxic

  • antibodies against antigens absorbed on carious tissue components (cell surfaces)
  • IgM and IgG
  • Rh diseases
  • rheumatic fever
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3
Q

type III hypersensitivity reactions

A

Immune-complex mediated

  • Ag/Ab complexes
  • activates the compliment response

*SLE

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4
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions

A

Delayed or cell mediated

-T lymphocytes encouter a pathagen an release leukokinin leading to a macrophage activation

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5
Q

disease affects multiple systems and includes butterfly (malar) rash

A

SLE

*90% have joint pain

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6
Q

destruction to the articular cartilage

most often in women

A

RHEUMATOID arthritis

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7
Q

disease marked by dry mouth, dry eyes, and arthritis

DECREASED exocrine functions

A

sjogren’s syndrome

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8
Q

disease induced by herpes simplex virus

-shows BULL’S EYES leasions

A

erythem multiforme

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9
Q

blistering of the skin that is a result of IgG antibodies directed against desmosomes

A

pemphigus vulgaris

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10
Q

blistering of the skin directed against HEMIdesmosomesal proteins

A

bullous pemphigoid

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11
Q

T cell mediated autoimmune disease with wickham’s striae

A

oral lichen planus

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12
Q

urate crystals in response to inc uric acid levels

A

gout

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13
Q

HIV is what type of virus/

A

RNA

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14
Q

karposi’s sarcoma

A

HIV/AIDS

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15
Q

hairy leukoplakia

A

HIV/AIDS

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16
Q

tongue may exhibit herpetic leasions and ulcers

A

HIV/AIDS

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17
Q

gram + infection with honey colored crusted lesions

A

Impetigo

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18
Q

recurrent oral aphthous ulcers

A

bechet’s disease

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19
Q

occurs with asymmetry, border irregularity, color differences, large diameter, and enlarging

A

malinant melanoma

*more common in women

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20
Q

type of melanoma that is LEAST LIKELY to metastisize

A

basal cell carcinoma

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21
Q

malignancy of the stratum spinosum and arises form actinic keratosis

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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22
Q

most common chromosomal disorder (extra 21rst)

that includes mental retardation, prominent epicanthal folds, congenital cataracts, glaucoma, and strabismus

A

down’s syndorme

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23
Q

extra X chromosome that presents with testicular atrophy, long extremities, gyneomastia, female hair distribution, and hypogonadism

A

klienfelter’s syndrome

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24
Q

absent X chromosome that presents with short stature, dysgenesis, webbing of the neck, and coarctation of the aorta

A

turner’s syndrome

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25
Q

associated with hamartomatous polyps in the GI tract and pigmented mucocutaneous lesions

*hyperpigmentation

A

peutz-jegher’s syndrome

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26
Q

classic triad of:

  • cafe au lait spots
  • neurogibromas
  • lisch nodules
A

neurofibromatosis

vonrecklinghausens disease

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27
Q

autosomal dominant disorder associated with chorea and demetia

A

huntington’s disease

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28
Q

associated with gardner’s syndrome and 100% of these pts will get colon cancer

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

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29
Q

in SS anemia, what is teh amino acid exchange

A

valine substituted for glutamic acid

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30
Q

a disease that is a destruction of the nervous system found commonly in jews

A

tay-sachs disease

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31
Q

associated with abnormal collagen synthesis and includes:

  • blue sclera
  • malocclusion
  • malformations of the teeth
A

osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)

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32
Q

most common type of anemia that includes:

  • GI blood loss
  • malabsorption
  • treated with oral iron
A

iron deficieny

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33
Q

pancytopenia characterized by:

  • severe anemia
  • neutropenia
  • thrombocytopenia
A

aplastic anemia

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34
Q

caused by pernicious anemia which is autoantibodies against parietal cells

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

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35
Q

dietary deficiency that is especially common in alcoholics

A

folic acid deficiency

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36
Q

malignant clone of plasma cells in the bone marrow which causes skeletal bone destruction

A

Multiple myeloma

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37
Q

associated with reed sternberg cells and is associated with EBV

A

hodgkins lymphoma

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38
Q

associated with enlarged lymph nodes and GI tumors

A

non-hodgkins lymphoma

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39
Q

associated with philidelphia chromosome

A

CML

40
Q

what are the five non-inflammatory causes of anemia?

A
  • inc organ pressure
  • reduced plasma osmotic pressure
  • lymphatic obstruction
  • sodium retention
  • inc capillary permiability
41
Q

what are the two inflammatory causes of edema?

A
  • acute and chronic inflammation

- angiogenesis

42
Q

what are the three aspects of virchow’s triad?

A
  • alterations in blood flow
  • vascular endothelial injury
  • alterations in the constituents of the blood
43
Q

what are some aquired causes of hypercoagulable states?

A
  • oral contraceptive use
  • immobilization
  • pregnancy
44
Q

what is the number one cause of an emboli?

A

thrombus

45
Q

what are the four types of shock?

A
  • cardiogenic
  • hypovolemic (fluid loss)
  • septic (microbial infection)
  • anaphylactic (histamine)
46
Q

total cholesterol should be what?

A

less than 200

47
Q

HDL should be what?

A

40 or higher

48
Q

LDL should be what?

A

less than 100

49
Q

triglycerides should be what?

A

less than 150

50
Q

what race has highest probability of HTN?

A

African American

51
Q

inability to fill with or pump sufficient blood

A

heart failure

52
Q

deals with pharyngeal infections with group A beta hemolytic strep and affects the mitral valve

A

rheumatic fever

53
Q

account for 80% of all strokes and includes the occlusion of an artery

A

ischemic

54
Q

accumulation of blood within the brain causing stroke

A

hemorrhagic

55
Q

type of hemorrhage that is the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm

A

subaracnoid hemorrage

56
Q

affect all ages an often interupt sleep

A

brain tumors

57
Q

often preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection that displays fever, headaches, and neck stiffness

A

meningitis

58
Q

most common primary malignant brain tumor

A

glioblastoma multiforme

59
Q

most common benign brain tumor

A

meningioma

60
Q

results from recurrent inflammation of the nervous system which results in demyelination

A

multiple sclerosis

61
Q

involves the demyleination of peripheral nerves

A

guillain-barre syndrome

62
Q

autoantibodies against ACh and often is associated with thymic tumors

A

Myasthenia Gravis

63
Q

most common form or dimentia that involves neurofibrillary triangles

A

alzheimers

64
Q

occurs secondary to reduced cerebral blood flow

A

vascular ddementia

65
Q

caused by deficiency of dopamine in the striatum and is associated with tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and postural instability

A

parkinsons

66
Q

hematoma between the skull and dura, the middle meningeal artery is responsible

A

epidural hematoma

67
Q

hematoma that is in between the dura and the arachnoid space

A

subdural hematoma

68
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis and microangiopathy are associated with which type of diabetes?

A

type I

69
Q

most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine deficient parts of the world

A

hashimotos thyroiditis

70
Q

autoimmune atrophy to the adrenal glands

A

addisons disease

71
Q

central obesity, moon face, buffalo hump

A

cushing’s disease

72
Q

excessive amounts of epi and norepi

A

pheochromocytoma

73
Q

hematuria

A

nephritic syndrome

74
Q

proteinuria

A

nephrotic syndrome

75
Q

bacterial infection of the kidneys

A

pyelonephritis

76
Q

“great mimic” disease

A

syphillis

77
Q 
inc urinary frequency
urgency
nocturia
weak stream
hesitancy
dribbling
A

benign prostatic hypertophy

78
Q

prostate cancer generally metastasizes where?

A

skeleton

79
Q

type of ulcer that has worse pain when the stomach is empty?

A

duodenal

80
Q

type of ulcer that has worse pain when the stomach is full?

A

gastric

81
Q

liver disease due to a failure of copper

A

wilsons disease

82
Q

gall bladder diesease that is most common in overweight females of childbearing age. it is associated with murphys sign

A

cholecystitis

83
Q

always associated with nystagmus and can be associated with menieres disease

A

vertigo

84
Q

enlarged cervical nodes, sore throat, fever

A

pharyngitis

85
Q

associated with swelling and pain of the parotid or submandibular glands due to S aureus

A

acute bacterial sialadenitis

86
Q

most common salivary neoplasm

A

benign mixed tumor

87
Q

most common salivary malignancy

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

88
Q

benign salivary tumore that is only on the parotid gland and is strongly associated to cigarrettes

A

warthlins tumor

89
Q

enlargements of air spaces

A

emphysema

90
Q

hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands

A

bronchitis

91
Q

benign epithelial tumors arising in glandular patterns

A

adenomas

92
Q

adenomas producing large cystic masses seen in fat

A

cystadenomas

93
Q

epithelial tumors that form microscopic fingerlike projections

A

pappilomas

94
Q

tumor which extends from the mucosa into the lumen of a hollow organ

A

polyps

95
Q

which type of tumors arise from epithelial cells?

A

carcinomas

96
Q

which type of tumors arise from mesenchymal (connective) tissues?

A

sarcomas

97
Q

when cancer shifts from its origin to another body site

A

metastatic

Boards Dental Anatomy (5 decks)

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