Path

Question 1

MODs

Answer 1

SHAUN

Question 2

rigor livor

Answer 2

purple skin

Question 3

rigor algor

Answer 3

low temp

Question 4

OSC

Answer 4

other sig. conditions

didnt directly cause, but contributed to death

Question 5

hyperplasia

Answer 5

more # cells

Question 6

hypertrophy

Answer 6

bigger cells

Question 7

metaplasia

Answer 7

stem cells start differentiating into different type of cell

Question 8

steatosis

Answer 8

fatty accumulation
liver
push organelles out of way

Question 9

atherosclerosis

Answer 9

cholesterol buildup

intracell: foamy
extracell: shards

Question 10

amyloidosis

Answer 10

small non-branching protein buildup
Congo red stain –> apple green
glassy, pink, hyaline change

Question 11

hyaline change

Answer 11

glassy, pink, uniform

often used to describe amyloid

Question 12

anthracosis

Answer 12

pigment:carbon buildup - eaten by m phages in lung

Question 13

lipofuscin

Answer 13

pigment: wear and tear pig, dusty, light brown, seen more in elderly

Question 14

melanin

Answer 14

dark brown/black and granular

Question 15

hemodiserin

Answer 15

pigment: blood breakdown product

flaky, yellow-brown

Question 16

bilirubin

Answer 16

pigment: Hb breakdown

yellow

Question 17

Intrinsic/mitochondiral initiation of apoptosis

Answer 17

BCL2 -> cyto C release –> execution

Question 18

extrinsic initiation of apoptosis

Answer 18

FAS-L on T cell binds FAS receptor –> caspase cascade –> execution

Question 19

execution phase of apoptosis

Answer 19

caspase cascade –> activation of breakdown enzymes -> cell broken into apoptotic bodies, tagged with ligand to signal mphages –> mphages eat

Question 20

causes of cell injury/death

Answer 20

hypox/ischemia
physical agents
chemical agents
infx
immune rxns
genetic
nutrition

Question 21

Tx for BPH

Answer 21

5a-reductase inhibitor (dec amt of DHT)

Question 22

metaplasia after intubation

Answer 22

loss of cilia, strat squ epithelium

Question 23

hyperplasia in BPH

Answer 23

more cells, more smooth muscle and glands

Question 24

Atrophy after prolonged steroid use

Answer 24

ZF and ZR atrophy away

Question 25

steatosis after alcohol abuse

Answer 25

liver is heavy, yellow, greasy | round vacuoles in cells

Question 26

white vs red infarction

Answer 26

white - areas where no other blood flow | red - areas where other blood flow

Question 27

acute vs old infarction

Answer 27

acute: inflammation, neutrophils, karyolysis, pyknosis, nuclear loss, discoloration, loss of striations, contractile bands of scar tissue old: scar tissue, loss of contractile ability, tissue loss

Question 28

cirrhosis after alcohol abuse

Answer 28

end stage, irreversible | fibrous bands b/t triads, nodular, bile ductular proliferation, liver has shrunk

Question 29

cellular mechs of cell injury

Answer 29

dec ATP, mitochondrial injury, protein misfolding, Ca influx, ROS, membrane damage

Question 30

nuclear pyknosis

Answer 30

small, dark chromatin

Question 31

karyolysis

Answer 31

fading of chromatin

Question 32

karyohexis

Answer 32

chromatin fragmentation

Question 33

coagulative necrosis

Answer 33

architecture maintained, loss of nuclein, inflamm, WBCs | solid organs

Question 34

liquefactive necrosis

Answer 34

often bacterial, disentegration to liquid | often CNS

Question 35

caseous

Answer 35

cheese-like | often lungs TB

Question 36

fat necrosis

Answer 36

fat calcifies - saponification | pancreatitis

Question 37

dystrophic Ca deposition

Answer 37

Ca in blood is normal | follows necrotic injury

Question 38

metastatic Ca deposition

Answer 38

not after necrotic injury | Ca is high in blood