Path 375 Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Male reproductive system

- fn

Answer 1

• sperm prod (in testes in seminiferous tubules lined by germ cells, continually)
• hormon prod: testosterone (testes Leydig cells)

Question 2

Cryptorchidism

• def
• Tx
• assoc (2)

Answer 2

failure of testicles to descen through inguinal canal into scrotum

• Tx surgical correction
• assoc with 10x risk malignant transformation, infertility

Question 3

Epididymoorchitis, urethritis

• def
• routes
• STDs
• Uropathogens
• Viruses

Answer 3

inflamm of epididymis and testes and/or urethra

• hematogenous or ascending routes
• STDs: Gonorrhea, Chlamydia
• Uropathogens: Gm- (E. coli)
• Viruses: 1/3 mumps have orchitis

Question 4

Balanitis

Answer 4

inflamm of glans penis

Question 5

Genital herpes

• virus
• causes
• dormant in_

Answer 5

Herpes simplex virus type 2
(blister) vesicular eruptions, pain
dormant in neural ganglion cells, may recur

Question 6

Gonorrhea

• B.
• causes
• Tx
• complications

Answer 6

N. gonorrhoeae

• purulent rethritis
• Tx: antibiotics (ceftriaxone)
• complications: prostatitis, epididymitis (infertility if scarring), arthritis

Question 7

Non-specific urethritis

• B. (2)
• discharge?

Answer 7

chlamydia, mycoplasma

no purulent discharge

Question 8

Syphilis

• spirochete B.
• 3 stages
• Tx

Answer 8

Treponema pallidum
1º stage painless chancre
2 systemic spread if untreated: fever, malaise, rash
3 small vessel vasculitis, cardia and CNS complications
Tx: antibiotics (penicillin)

Question 9

Germ cell tumors

5 types

Answer 9

90%
seminoma: good prognosis
nonseminoma
- embryonal
- teratocarcinoma
- choriocarcinoma
mixed
teratoma
yolk sac tumor

Question 10

Sex cord stromal tumors

Answer 10

5%
Leydig cell tumor
Sertoli cell tumor

Question 11

Testicular neoplasms

• common_
• risk
• most are_
• Dx
• Tx

Answer 11

• uncommon, most common malignant neoplasm of young adult males
• risk if cryptochidism
• most are malignant, germ cell origin
• tumour markers in blood; measure to identify presence of testicular neoplasm
• Tx: chemo and surgery => good results

Question 12

Seminoma

• peak inc
• present
• Dx
• Tx

Answer 12

40 yr

• presents as scrotal mass
• usu Dx early before met to nodes, no serologic tumor markers
• Tx: surgery, chemo, radiation
• cure rate 90%

Question 13

Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors

• present
• tumor markers
• Tx
• survival

Answer 13

• present as scrotal mass
• prod HCG, AFP (dep on cell type)
• Tx: surgery and chemo
• 85% 5 yr survival

Question 14

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 14

prostate epithelium and stroma

• common in elderly males
• causes urgency, frequency, drippling
• incr inc of bladder infections

Question 15

Prostatic carcinoma

• def
• common
• risk

Answer 15

malignant neoplasm of glandular epith in prostate (adenocarcinoma)

• most common cancer in males (usu elderly)
• 3rd most common cancer-related death in males
• no risk factors but testosterone implicated

Question 16

Prostatic carcinoma

• loc
• spread
• Dx
• Tx
• prognosis

Answer 16

typical in posterior part of prostate (palpatable by digital rectal exam)

• lymphatic and vascular spread
• prostate cells prod PSA, sec into semen, small amt in blood; incr PSA screens prostate cancer
• prostate biopsy
• chemo, surgery +/- radiation
• prognosis dep on stage and grade