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Y4 SA - MSK > Patella luxation > Flashcards

Patella luxation Flashcards

1
Q

Which luxation is the most common: medial or lateral?

A
  • medial
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2
Q

What is the correct name for the femur bending that can give rise to patella luxation?

A
  • femoral varus deformity
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3
Q

Cartilage loss occurs with this condition

From what surfaces is the cartilage lost?

If the cartilage loss exposes the underlying bone what is this process called?

A
  • cartilage is lost from the medial femoral trochlear ridge and the articular surface of the patella
  • eburnation
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4
Q

What breeds are predisposed to medial patellar luxation?

A
  • toy breeds
  • French bulldogs
  • CKCS
  • English bull terrier
  • labs
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5
Q

Is lateral or medial more debilitating?

A
  • lateral
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6
Q

What breeds are predisposed to lateral patellar luxation?

A
  • Flat coated retriever
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7
Q

What breed is predisposed to simultaneous medial & lateral patella luxation?

A
  • Springers
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8
Q

Why is straightening the femur as a tx for PL not recommended?

A
  • risky
  • complications
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9
Q

What CS indicates eburnation?

A
  • crepitus
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10
Q

What 3 bones make up the knee?

A
  • femur
  • tibia
  • patella
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11
Q

What bone does the patella tendon attach on?

A
  • Tibia
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12
Q

What are the 2 forces that keep the patella tracking normally in the groove?

A
  • deep walls
  • straightness of muscle
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13
Q

What ligament secondary to patella luxation can become damaged?

A
  • cranial cruciate ligament
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14
Q

What type of lameness is seen with patella luxation?

A
  • skipping lameness
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15
Q

What large breeds are prone to medial patella luxation?

A
  • English & Staffordshire bull terriers
  • English bulldogs
  • labs
  • mastiffs
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16
Q

Grade 1 MPL

A
  • patella luxation easily relocates into femoral trochlea
  • usually not associated with CS
17
Q

Grade 2 MPL

A
  • luxates with ease
  • external pressure is required to relocate the patella into groove
  • this doesn’t happen spontaneously but extension of the stifle by the pt can bring this about
18
Q

Grade 3 MPL

A
  • patella lunated permanently
  • requires considerable effort to replace into trochlear groove from which it immediately re-luxates
19
Q

Grade 4 MPL

A
  • permanently luxated
  • can’t be replaced into the trochlea groove
20
Q

% of MPL cases also suffering from concurrent cruciate dz?

A
  • 42%
21
Q

Benefit of prophylactic surgery on asymptomatic dogs with MPL

A
  • no evidence for this
  • prophylatic MPL surgery doest progress OA whether animal has surgery or not
22
Q

Trade name for synthetic trochlea buttress?

A
  • RidgeStop
23
Q

Downside of trochleoplasties

A
  • damage & destruction or hyaline cartilage
  • exposed subchondral bone and initiates joint inflammation
24
Q

What dog would you consider a distal femoral corrective ostectomy?

A
  • advocated as component of MPL repair when osseous deformities include excessive femoral varus
  • grade III & IV MPL in large breed dogs
25
Q

Most common cause of PL in cats

A
  • trauma
26
Q

Cat breeds predisposed to PL

A
  • Devon Rex
  • Abyssinian
27
Q

Grade 1 MPL surgical tx

A
  • lateral capsular overlap
28
Q

Lateral capsular overlap

A
  • tightening the retinaculum on the lateral aspect of the joint
29
Q

Grade 2+ MPL surgical options

A
  • lateral capsular overlap
  • medial release (medial desmotomy)
  • trochlea groove deepening (block recession or wedge sulcoplasy)
  • tibial crest translocation
  • wedge ostectomy of femur for marked femoral varus deformities
30
Q

Why do lateral laxations have a worse prognosis?

A
  • greater number of bony abnormalities
31
Q

Type of cartilage in the articular surface

A
  • hyaline
32
Q

Type of cartilage that replaces the articular surface? Is this a good replacement?

A
  • fibrocartilage
  • poor replacement
33
Q

What are the 2 recession methods to deepen the groove?

A
  • wedge
  • block
34
Q

More successful: block or wedge recession? why?

A
  • block
  • preserve a deeper groove more proximally
35
Q

How are the distractive forces of the pull of the quadriceps counteracted in a tibial crest translocation surgery?

A
  • distractive force of the quads is converted into a compressive force by producing a force in the opposite direction i.e. the tension in the wire
36
Q

What prosthetic can be placed in cases with loss of articular cartilage associated with patella luxation

A
  • prosthetic groove
37
Q

Top ddx for MPL

A
  • skipping terrier syndrome

Y4 SA - MSK (17 decks)

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