Pasteurellaceae Flashcards
three genera
- Haemophi,,,
- Actin….
- Paster….
small, Gram ……, non spore forming, non ….. and aerobic or …… ……… bacilli
…….. growth requirments
Three genera Haemophilus, Actinobacillus Pasteurella. Small, Gram negative, non spore forming, non motile and aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacilli. Fastidious growth requirements.
Haemophilus
Small …….., Gram negative bacteria.
Greek for blood loving
Obligate ……. of mucous membranes of huans and some animals
H,influenzae most commonly associated with disease
- others H,ducreyi (chancriod)
- H.aphro…. (can cause …..)
Small pleomorphic, Gram negative bacteria.
Greek ‘blood loving’.
Obligate parasites of mucous membranes of humans and some animals.
H.influenzae most commonly associated with disease.
Others H.ducreyi (chancroid)
H.aphrophilus (can cause endocarditis).
Haemophilus Influenzae
Fastidious growth requirements
…… (Haemin)
- V ……. Nicotinamide A……. dinucleotide
Present in blood but needs ….. to release the factors
Can grow on blood agar in presence of …… because of haemolysis and …….. released by bacteria during growth
Fastidious growth requirements.
Requires X factor (haemin)
V factor Nicotinamide Adenine
dinucleotide.
Present in blood but needs heating to release the factors.
Can grow on blood agar in presence of S.aureus because of haemolysis and V factor released by bacteria during growth.
Haemophilus Influenzae
structure:
- cell wall typical of …… except differences in ….
- Lacks repeating terminal ….. ie has no oxygen
2 distinct forms of Lipid A in HI not found in others
- LPS more accurately called ….
Neutral core …… vary within strains and generations
Structure:
Cell wall typical of Gram negative except differences in LPS.
Lacks repeating terminal side chains, ie. has no O antigen.
2 distinct forms of Lipid A in HI not found in others.
LPS more accurately called LOS.
Neutral core oligosaccharides vary within strains and generations.
Haemophilus Influenzae
- Strain and species specific outer …….. proteins
may be …. or non ……
6 strains of capsulated . a-f
- Type ….. caused most invasive disease prior to …….vaccine
9 serotypes on basis of 3 biochemical reactions
- Indole, …… and ……. decarboxylase
Strain and species specific outer membrane proteins.
May be capsulated or non capsulated.
6 strains of capsulated. a-f
Type B caused most invasive disease prior to HIB vaccine.
9 serotypes on basis of 3 biochemical reactions
Indole,urea and ornithine decarboxylase.
Haemophilus Influenzae Virulence factors
Presence of ….
- Contains polyribitol …… ……., PRP
Pili
- Mediates ……… and adherence
IgA1 protease
Type B produces bacteriocin ……..
Presence of capsule.
Contains polyribitol ribitol phosphate. PRP.
Pili.
Mediates haemagglutination and adherence.
IgA1 protease.
Type B produces bacteriocin haemocin.
Haemophilus Influenzae Epidemiology
Haemophilus species present in most individuals
- Mostly n……..
Haemophilus ……… constitutes 10% of bacteria in ……
Epidemiology of HI has changed in recent years following vaccine for type B
- Mostly other …….. and non …… seen now.
Haemophilus species present in most individuals.
Mostly non capsulated.
Haemophilus parainfluenzae constitutes 10% of bacteria in saliva.
Epidemiology of HI has changed in recent years following vaccine for type B.
Mostly other capsulated and non typeable seen now.
Haemophilus Influenzae Clinical syndromes
Meningitis
- spread of bacteria from ……..
- Type …. was one of the major causes of paediatric …….- Now only occurs in non-…….. susceptible individuals.
Epiglottits
- Used to be common in young children. Now rate.
Cellulitits and arthritis in children - now rare
Meningitis.
Spread of bacteria from nasopharynx.
Type B was one of the major causes of pediatric meningitis.
Now only occurs in non-immune susceptible individuals.
Epiglottitis.
Used to be common in young children. Now rare.
Cellulitis and arthritis in children – now rare.
Haemophilus Influenzae
- Otit.., sinus.., and lower …. tract infection
- e….. infection
- o…. infection
- Often colonise indivi… with existing … …… disease
Often follows viral …..
Otitis, sinusitis and Lower respiratory tract infection.
Eye infections.
Opportunistic infection.
Often colonise individuals with existing chronic pulmonary disease.
Often follows viral infection
infections caused by other haemophilus sp.
H.parainfluenzae causes res….. …… , sin……
H. Influezae biotype aegytpus causes c…..
- Brazillian purp….. fever caused by a specific strain
H, ducreyi causes chanchroid
- STD most common in men
- Women a……… Ulcerative lesion on genitals or…….. area
H.parainfluenzae causes respiratory infection, sinusitis etc.
H.Influenzae biotype aegyptus causes conjunctivitis.
Brazilian purpuric fever caused by a specific strain.
H.ducreyi causes chanchroid.
STD most common in men.
Women asymptomatic. Ulcerative lesion on genitalis or perianal area.
Laboratory diagnosis and treatment
Growth on ….. agar
Requirement for X and V factors on nutrient agar
Treatment with …… or ……. if sensitive
Vaccination with ……. …..
Growth on chocolate agar.
Requirement for X and V factors on nutrient agar.
Treatment with cephalosporins or ampicillin if sensitive.
Vaccination with conjugated PRP.
Pasteurella sp.
Gram ……, non …. faculatatively anaerobic coccobacilli or ….
- …… positive
- ……. positive
- …….. positive
Susceptible to penicillin, Cephalosporins and ……
Gram negative, non motile facultatively anaerobic coccobacilli or rods.
Oxidase positive.
Catalase positive.
Indole positive.
Susceptible to penicillin, cephalosporins and tetracycline.
Pasteurella sp.
Found in respiratory tract of animals
…. of cat mouths
… of dogs
Human disease caused by…..
Infected bites and sometimes …… …..
Grey colonies on ……, characteristic ……
- No growth on …. agar
Found in respiratory tract of animals.
50-70% of cat mouths,
40-60% dogs.
Human disease caused by animal contact.
Infected bites and sometimes respiratory symptoms.
Grey colonies on Blood agar, characteristic odour.
No growth on MacConkey agar.
Neisseria sp.
10 species.
- N. gonorrhaeae. N,meningits strictly …… pathogens
- others colonise mucosal surface
Ae…., Gram ….. cocci in pairs, dipl…… capnophi….
Non… , Non spore …, oxidase……, mostly catalase ….. use carbohydrates …
Pathogenic species …..
10 species.
N.gonorrhaeae. N.meningitidis strictly human pathogens.
Others colonise mucosal surface.
Aerobic, gram, negative cocci in pairs, diplococci. Capnophilic.
Non motile, non spore forming. Oxidase positive, mostly catalase positive. Use carbohydrates oxidatively.
Pathogenic species capsulated.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
….. organism.
requires complex media to grow and is ….. by drying and …….. ……….
Fastidious organism. Requires complex media to grow and is damaged by drying and fatty acids.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae structure and virulence factors
Difficult ot recover form clinical specimens but transfers easily from …. to …….
Covered with a ……
Pili, controlled by pil gene complex and containing …. protein
- Important for attachment and immune …… because of highly variable exposed by …..
Difficult to recover from clinical specimens but transfers easily from person to person.
Covered with a capsule.
Pili, controlled by pil gene complex and containing pilin protein.
Important for attachment and immune evasion because of highly variable exposed carboxy terminus.
Neisseria gonorrohoeae
structure and virulence
Outer membranes ……,
Por proteins (pore forming)
Opa proteins mediate binding to ……. cells
Iron acquestition via receptors for ,….., and for binding ……
Protease for cleaving ….. and a …. lacta…..
Outer membrane proteins,
Por proteins (pore forming),
Opa proteins mediate binding to epithelial cells.
Iron acqusition via receptors for transferrin, and for binding lactoferrin.
Protease for cleaving IgA and a Beta lactamase.
First noticed in 1976.
Neisseria gonorrhoea pathogenicity
attach to mucosal cells in localised areas, uro….., rectal or ………
Enter cells and multiply and then pass through the cells into the …… space
Contain LOS which ….. inflammatory response
- Release of ….. ….. cause the symptoms
Attach to mucosal cells in localised areas, urogenital, rectal or oropharyngeal.
Enter cells and multiply and then pass through the cells into the subepithelial space.
Contain LOS which stimulates inflammatory response
Release of TNF-alpha cause the symptoms.
Neisseria gonorrhoea Epidemiology
Only occurs in ….
Women have …. risk of becoming infected by …. contact men have ….. risk
Major reservoir for ….. is the asymptomatically infected person.
More common in women who have mild or asymptomatic ….., clear …… within a few weeks
- Lead to …
Only occurs in humans.
Women have 50% risk of becoming infected by single contact, men 20%.
Major reservoir for gonococci is the asymptomatically infected person.
More common in women who often have mild or asymptomatic infection, clear within a few weeks
Lead to carriage.
Neisseria gonorrhoea clinical syndromes
Men - urethra
- Purulent dischardge and …….. 2-5 days after infection
- Complications rare, - epididymitis, prostatitis and abcesses
Women
- Infection of columnar ………. cells of the ………..
Men - Urethra.
Purulent discharge and dysuria 2-5 days after infection.
95% have acute symptoms.
Complications rare, - epididymitis, prostatitis and abcesses.
Women.
Infection of columnar epithelial cells of the endocervix.
Neisseria gonorrhoea Clinical syndromes
Women -
- Vaginal discharge, ….. and ……….. pain
ascending infection can cause sal…….., abscesses and pelvic inflammatory disease in 10-20% women
Disseminated infection, sep…………, b…… and joint infection 1-3% women, and much less in men
Women –
vaginal discharge, dysuria and abdominal pain.
Ascending infection can cause salpingitis, abscesses and pelvic inflammatory disease in 10-20% women.
Disseminated infection, septicaemia, bones and joint infection 1-3% women, and much less in men.
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Associated disease:
- Per………….. - Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome;
- Purulent ……….. of the newborn - opthalmia neonatorum;
- Anal rectal ………..and phay…….
DIagnosis by growth on selective medium.
- Gram ….. and bioch……. tests eg. Gonochek and Api strips
Associated diseases :
Perihepatis – Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome;
Purulent conjunctivis of the newborn – opthalmia neonatorum;
Anal rectal gonorrhoea and pharyngitis.
Diagnosis by growth on selective medium,
Gram stain and biochemical tests eg. Gonochek and Api strips.
Neisseria meningtitdis
…… Gram …… diplococci
Colonises …….. but causes serious disease, very rapid progression
Grows on chocolate agar, oxidase …..
Divided into serogroups and serotypes
- !3 serogroups based on ………. typing
- Types ..,..,.. most commonly associated with meningitis.
Encapsulated Gram negative diplococci.
Colonises oropharynx but causes serious disease, very rapid progression.
Grows on chocolate agar. Oxidase positive.
Divided into serogroups and serotypes.
13 serogroups based on capsular typing.
Types A,B,C most commonly associated with meningitis.
Neisseria meningitidis
- Group .. belong to a single serotype,
- Groups Band .. - multiple serotypes
Epidemiology: Worldwide occurrence
- 90% of cases caused by ..,..,..
Transmitted by …….. …….. during close contact.
Humans only natural carriers
- Carriage rate varies by <1-40%
Group A belong to a single serotype, Groups Band C – multiple serotypes. Epidemiology: Worldwide occurrence. 90% of cases caused by A,B,C. Transmitted by respiratory droplets during close contact. Humans only natural carriers. Carriage rate varies by <1-40%.
