Pastest Questions Flashcards
Most useful test for establishing pheochromocytoma diagnosis?
MIBG scan
Cause of lipohypertrophy in T1DM on insulin.
Repeated injections on same site
Anorexia nervosa abnormalities in lab
Low WBC, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia , hypophosphatemia , low LH, FSH and estradiol
High fasting growth hormone
High or normal cortisol levels
Anorexia nervosa abnormalities in lab
Low WBC, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia , hypophosphatemia , low LH, FSH and estradiol
High fasting growth hormone
High or normal cortisol levels
Gardners syndrome features
AD
Multiple small and large intestinal polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumoes
Increased risk of papillary thyroid cabcer
Colectomy after polyps appear
Treatment of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer ?
Total thyroidectomy
RAI ( to kill residual cells)
Thyroglobin yearly to detect recurrence
MODY features
Early onset between 10 to 30 yrs
Glycosuria
High HDL
Maintained insulin sensitivity and weight
Tx : sulphonylurea
Different types of MODY with mutations
MODY 1
<10%
HNF alpha 4 gene mutation
MODY 2
20%
Glukokinase gene defect
Can be controlled by diet alone
MODY 3
60% :MC
HNF alpha 1 gene mutation
Different types of MODY with mutations
MODY 1
<10%
HNF alpha 4 gene mutation
MODY 2
20%
Glukokinase gene defect
Can be controlled by diet alone
MODY 3
60% :MC
HNF alpha 1 gene mutation
Precursor to estradiol in obesity and alcoholism
Testosterone
(Testosterone is deroved from cholesterol and converted to estradiol by aromatase activity )
Excess aromatase activity in alcoholism and obesity can cause feminisation
Action of glucagon causing rapid reversal of hypoglycemia
Stimulation of adenylate cyclase
Tx of acromegaly
Somatostatin analogues eg Octeotide
Pegvisomant
Bromocriptine( more with pituitary tumors secreting GH)
Transphenoidal resection
External irradiation
Treatment of cushing disease ( pituitary tumor)
Transphenoidal resection of tumor
Lapeosxopic adrenalectomy if pituitary surgery has failed
Ketoconazole : for pts unfit for surgery and preoperatively
Metyrapone : inhibitis cortisol production
Hyperlipoproteinemia type 1B is associated with mutations in genes coding for which protein?
Apolipoprotein C2
Deficiency in this protein causes hyperlipoproteinemia type 1B /familial apolipoprotein C2 deficiency associated with lipemia retinalis , eruptive skin xanthomas, acute pancreatitis and hepatosplenomegaly
S/e of sulphonylureas
Hypoglycemia
Weight gain
Bone marrow Suppression
Heptotoxicity (cholestatic)
SIADH
peripheral neuropathy
When should sulphonylureas be avoided ?
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
What is palindromoc rheumatism ? And what is the TOC
In young there is complete recovery between attacks of rheumatism of small joints and no long lasting damage.
Can progress to rheumatoid arthritis or MCTD
Continuous follow up is needed
TOC: antimalarials like HCQ
Treatment of anal fissure
- Increase fluid and fiber intake
2.GTN ointment
3.Lidocaine ointment- given before defecation
4.oral amlodipine for anal relacation and pain
Cause of raised ALT in helatitis A/E infection
Hepatic necrosis
