Past questions Flashcards
List of stresses on diary cattle on an Intensive farm.
- Excess crowding
- Resting cows being trampled
- Long periods spent on concrete
- High ranking cows dominating feed/water
- Heifers are bullied
- Poor milk management
- Poor noticing of disease
- Poor estrus management
- Stress related diseases
- Large herds are harder to management and need more labour
List of stress related to captivity.
ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS • Presence or absence of critical sensory stimuli : • Sound • Light • Odours • Thermal and tactile experience
CONFINEMENT SPECIFIC STRESSORS
• Restricted movement
• Reduced retreat space
• Forced proximity to humans
List the 5 Freedoms
John Webster, 1994
- Freedom from thirst,hunger ad malnutrition.
- Freedom from discomfort.
- Freedom from pain, injury and disease.
- Freedom to express normal behaviour.
- Freedom from fear and distress
Effects of early weaning in piglets
- Stressful for the pigletts
- Removal from their mother
- Sudden change of diet from milk to solid food
- Sudden change in environment
- Suddenly mixed with piglets from other litters
- Aggression and dominance as a result of the mixing
Reasons of separation anxiety in dogs
- Boredom
- Fear of abandonment
- Loneliness
- Lack of attention
Ways to stop stereotypic behaviour of horses
- Keeping them in pasture
- Providing adequate hay
- Social contact
- Collar - leads to skin irritation and thus stress leading to more crib biting
Classic conditioning
Presentation of neutral stimuli along with an effective stimulus, resulting in the animal linking the two
Operant Learning
Animal changes its behaviour to a situation based on its association with a stimulus
List of advantages of keeping in groups
- Less likely to be eaten by predators
- Defence of vulnerable young
- Detecting danger
- Forage more efficiently since predator scanning is shared.
- Pack hunting
- Social learning
Tinberg’s 4 questions
• What is the causation of the behaviour?
- e.g. stimuli that the stimulate or elict the behaviou
• What if the function of the behaviour?
- e.g. how the behaviour adds to the animal’s reproductive success
• How does the behaviour develop during ontogeny?
- the way behaviour is modified by an individuals experience.
• How does the behaviour develop during phylogeny?
- an evolutionary questions, involves the comparison of related species
Reasons for drinking dirty water in cows?
• Mineral deficiency in phosphorus/sulphur
Horse blind spots
• Directly in front and directly behind
What is ethology?
• The science of animal behaviour.
Appropriate temperature for chicks
- Too warm - Chicks spread out and outside
* Too cold - Crowded together
3 Welfare problems
EVERYMAN
• Is the animal living a natural life?
• Is the animal fit and healthy?
• Is the animal happy?
SCIENTIFIC
• Is the animal living in an environment consistent with what that in which the species has evolved and to which it has adapted
• Is the animal able to achieve normal growth and function, good health and sustain fitness in the adult life
• Is the animal experiencing a sense of mental satisfaction or,at least freedom from mental distress
