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bioethics past questions > past questions > Flashcards

past questions Flashcards

1
Q

this gland is not a specific pheromone producing gland:

  • Rabbit face gland
  • Gerbil’s umbilical gland
  • Dogs cicumanal gland
  • Hamster’s hip gland
A

Rabbits face gland

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2
Q

which is not a method for genetic quality control of lab animals:

  • Skin transplantation
  • SSLP (micro - satelite)
  • Biomedical markers
  • Back gross breeding
A

Back gross breedig

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3
Q

name a drawback of preference tests?

A

animals choose on the basis of short term conditions

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4
Q

which measurement is used to express energy requirement of laboratory animals?

A

Metabolic body weight

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5
Q

Sentinels are?

A

animals used to evaluate a group’s health status

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6
Q

which method would you use to get 1ml of blood from a rat?

A

cardiac puncture

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7
Q

you cannot buy this diet from a commercial producer:

  • Commercial pellet
  • chemically defined diet
  • liquid diet
  • gel
A

chemically defined diet

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8
Q

which is not an alpha 2 agonist:

  • xylazine
  • detomidine
  • Tolmetine
  • romofidine
A

Tolmetine

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9
Q

which is not an inherited disease of a rat?

  • Deafness
  • Hypo-acidosis
  • diabetes
  • obesity
A

Hypo-acidosis

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10
Q

the basic method of rodent phenotyping is to look for?

A

chromosoma test

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11
Q

which is Not part of refinement of an animal experiment?

  • alternatives to animal use
  • genetic homogeneity
  • health status
  • proper defined diet
A

alternatives to animal use

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12
Q

which animals are covered by 63/2010 EEC directive?

A

Vertebrates and cephalipodes

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13
Q

GLP not concerned about conditions under which laboratory:

  • studies are planned
  • are built
  • reasearch is performed
  • studies are recorded and reported
A

are built

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14
Q

which species can die after oral penicilin administration?

A

guinea pig

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15
Q

what is an important mechanism of nutrigenomics ?

A

changing the signal pathway

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16
Q

acute toxicity test has an invasiveness category of _ pain?

A

severe

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17
Q

what is the maintenance energy requirement of lab animals?

A

0.45 MJ DE x W0.75

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18
Q

this disease is not a zoonosis?

  • lymphatic choriomenigitis of mice
  • salmonellosis
  • listeriosis
  • ringtail
A

ring tail

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19
Q

what is the aim of recommended nutrient allowences

A

to ensure the reproduction and longevity of the animals

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20
Q

which cannot be a stage of mouse genital and urinary syndrome:

  • Ulceration
  • bacteraemia
  • inflammation
  • mating overload
A

ulceration

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21
Q

Quarantine period is not defined by:

  • Health status of the animal
  • species
  • number of animals
  • purpose of use
A

number of animals

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22
Q

which species has tight skin, so cannot grab it without causing pain to the animal?

A

Guinea pig

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23
Q

which is not a physical euthanasia method?

  • T61
  • cervical dislocation
  • maceration
  • decapitation
A

maceration

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24
Q

which species is not a member of rodentia genus?

  • golden hamster
  • marmoset
  • gerbil
  • guinea pig
A

marmoset

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25
Q

OECD do not deal with questions about

  • validation of in vitro methods
  • GLP
  • co-ordination of toxicological databases
  • validation of national laws
A

validation of in vitro methods

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26
Q

Gerbil is a good model for

A

Epilepsy aorta

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27
Q

this animal cannot be examined by ultrasound:

  • Rabbit
  • guinea pig
  • golden hamster
  • dog
A

Golden hamster

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28
Q

which is not true for chronic mycoplasmosis of mice

  • agent is mycoplasma pulmonis
  • zoonotic
  • 12-18 day old puppies are most susceptible
  • can appear with sendai virus
A

zoonotic

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29
Q

what lab animal is closest taxonimically to the syrian hamster?

A

Gerbil

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30
Q

what lab animal is good to use for auditory research?

A

Chinchilla

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31
Q

which is a breeding technique which is not used to maintain an out-bred stock

  • brother sister mating
  • random breeding
  • MAI
  • cross-breeding
A

brother sister mating

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32
Q

A contaminated breeding line should be:

  • euthanized
  • put under negative pressure cabin
  • treated with antibiotics
  • individually marked
A

euthanized

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33
Q

in reproductive toxicology, not acceptable treatment

  • used only for parents before mating
  • between implantation and foetogenesis
  • between foetogenesis and parturition
  • from parent before mating till separation from dam
A

only used for parents before mating

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34
Q

which part of the mouse can be used for intra-dermal injection

A

ear

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35
Q

pasturella pneumotropica does not attack the

  • uterus
  • prostate
  • brain
  • lungs
A

Brain

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36
Q

environmental enrichment should not be done

  • just for human fun
  • for the benifit of the animals
  • with the sense of animals
  • with some unpredictability
A

just for human fun

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37
Q

how would you restrain a gerbil

A

hand around the chest

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38
Q

who will decide on institute level if an animal experiment was necessary or not

A

ethical commite (animal welfare body)

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39
Q

it is not a zoonosis

  • Hantaan virus disease
  • sendai virus disease
  • salmonellosis
  • lymphocytic - chorio meningitis (LCM)
A

sendai virus disease

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40
Q

female rat will reach breeding maturity at ?

A

1 month

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41
Q

the basic method for rodant sexing?

A

looking for ano-genital distance

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42
Q

the recommended nurtient allowences

A

ensure the optimum functioning of the animals

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43
Q

maintenance energy of lab animals and for extrapolation od dosage use?

A

w0.75

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44
Q

the main body of laboratory animal science in the world is?

A

CLAS

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45
Q

what does ‘environmental enrichment’ mean in the laboratory

A

to give bedding material or toys to experimental animals if possible

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46
Q

feeding of rancid and/or vitamin E deficient feed may result in

A

dermatitis

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47
Q

zebradanio is an?

A

omnivore

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48
Q

it is an alternative use of animals in experiments

A

database search and meta- analysis

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49
Q

sub-cutaneous injury has a severity category of _ pain

A

minor

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50
Q

what are the three Rs described by Russel and Burch

A

Reduction

Replacement

refinement

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51
Q

it is not true about euthanasia

  • must be performed by a researcher or other trained person
  • should be used if an animal would suffer in an experiment
  • should be planned in experimental protocol
  • can be used to get large amount of blood out of an animal
A

can be used to get a large amount of blod out of an animal

52
Q

what does ‘Knock out animal’ mean

A

transgenic animal

53
Q

which method would you use to get a drop of blood from mice

A

Retro-orbital puncture

54
Q

which name indicated out-bred stock

A

Ir: NMRI

55
Q

you cannot use this method for rat euthanasia?

  • Ketamine
  • Decapitation
  • cervical dislocation with weight limit
  • CO2
A

Ketamine

56
Q

what is the best equipment to maintain a transgenic colony in

A

base colony in different countries

57
Q

which species has only provoked ovulation

A

Ferret

58
Q

what does expression ‘inbred strain’ mean

A

brother and sister mating through atleast 20 generations

59
Q

which species is the best for atherosclerosis research

A

WHHL - rabbit

notes - gerbil

60
Q

you can find a ‘sacculus rotundus or ampulla ilei’ in the

A

rabbit

61
Q

this gland is a specific pheromone producer gland

A

hamster’s lateral gland

62
Q

which lab species has a gall bladder

A

golden hamster

63
Q

what does SPF mean

A

species pathogen free

64
Q

how would you restrain a rat for per-os dosing

A

by grabbing the back of the neck (scruff)

65
Q

which sentence is not true for environmental enrichment

  • device in case that animal can control
  • all posibilities should be done to improve animal’s well - being what the experiment allows
  • always should be evaluated on cross-benifit base
  • a nest material is an example of that
A

device in case that animal can control

66
Q

what are gnotobiotic (=axenic) animals

A

Germ free

67
Q

what does rederivation mean?

A

production of germ-free strain by embryo transfer

68
Q

in the practice, it is not possible to produce germ free colony from this species

  • rat
  • golden hamster
  • rabbit
  • duck
A

duck

69
Q

which would be the best feeding regime in an experiement

A

Ad lib

70
Q

what is well being

A

state of physiological and psycological harmony of the animal with its internal and external environment

71
Q

which vein can be used for IV injection in a ferret

A

V. jugularis externa

72
Q

how would you restrain a rabbit

A

bu grabbing as much skin on the back as possible

73
Q

you cannot use this method for euthanasia on new-born, nest living animals

  • cutting of neck
  • cervical dislocation
  • CO2 inhalation
  • electric stunning
A

CO2 inhalation

74
Q

which method would you use to get 10ml of blood from an adult rat?

A

preparation of abdominal aorta

75
Q

which mouse strain is sensitive to Pneumocystis carni

A

Swiss

76
Q

which is not necessary before transport of rodent?

  • fasting
  • clinical examination
  • ear printing
  • acclimatisation
A

fasting

77
Q

when this phenomenon disappears, the narcosis ends with death

A

corneal reflex

78
Q

it is not true about euthanasia:

  • should be cheap
  • should achieve rapid unconciousness and death
  • should be safe for user
  • should be simple for administer
A

should be cheap

79
Q

which one is not true about the co-isogenic strains:

  • the new gene is a product of naturat maturation
  • it can only be maintained in a homozygous form
  • the name contains the strain/sub - strain and the symbol of the mutant gene
  • the co - isogenic strain only differs by one gene from the original
A

it can only be maintained in a homozygous form

80
Q

a dog is not a good model for?

  • tumour - cancer research
  • Leptospirosis
  • epilepsy
  • cardiovascular atherosclerosis
A

cardiovascular atherosclerosis

81
Q

what is the liveweight of a micro pig

A

20-45kg

82
Q

experimental design cannot be

  • cross over design
  • latin square design
  • cross breeding
  • factorial design
A

cross breeding

83
Q

the basic circadian rhythm is dependent on?

A

gene expression of a protein

84
Q

melatonin is produced by the?

A

pineal gland

85
Q

this species us used mostly in viral respiratory research

A

ferret

86
Q

a chronic stress can cause this type of behaviour

A

Apathy/ aggression

87
Q

well-being cannot be measured by

  • Clinical assesment
  • pysiological parameters
  • grimace score
  • reproductive state
A

reproductive state

88
Q

which enviroment is good for animals

A

classical music

89
Q

which tissue is least sensitive to suffering

A

brain tissue

90
Q

the naked mole rat has an extra-ordinary long lifespan because of

A

special hyaluronan which prevent cancer

91
Q

the co-efficient on inbreeding

A

means the fraction of the genes that get fixed in a homozygous state

92
Q

it is an inherited disease in some mouse strains

A

deafness

93
Q

which is a member of the pox viridae

A

Ectomelia virus

94
Q

what causes ringtail

A

too low relative humidity

95
Q

which is not part of refinement of animal experimentation

  • hair colour
  • health status
  • analgesia
  • environmental enrichment
A

hair colour

96
Q

what is the hearing range of rodents

A

0.5/1-100/120 kHz

97
Q

which species has one pair of teats

A

guinea pig

98
Q

which species has a ‘peg’ (double incisor teeth)

A

Rabbit

99
Q

the two important words for animals concerning pain feeling ( weiss - trial)

A

predictability and controlability

100
Q

mouse pox is caused by

A

Ectomelia

101
Q

this is not a physical euthanasia method

  • T61
  • cooling in refrigerator
  • cervical dislocation
  • decapitation
A

cooling in refrigerator

102
Q

feature of the african clawed frog ( xenopus)

A

shows mating behaviour after Hcg injection

103
Q

which is not a feature of the axolotl

  • carnivorous
  • capeable of regenerating lost limbs
  • has a long lifespan ( 8-10 years)
  • reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis
A

reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis

104
Q

laboratory animals - except the guinea pig usually adjust their feed intake to satisfy their?

A

energy requirement

105
Q

which species can die after oral antibiotic treatment

A

rabbit and guinea pig

106
Q

what is the role of PPAR

A

to burn fats

107
Q

which of the following has no anti-cancer effects

  • green tea
  • resveratrol
  • Iron
  • CLA
A

iron

108
Q

what has an important role in the mechanism of epigenomics

A

Methylation of DNA

109
Q

what is the lifespan of Zebra fish

A

6-8 years (according to dick wad)

3-5 years according to internet

110
Q

which has no role in epigenomics

  • sulfurinization
  • change of base in DNA
  • DNA - methylation
  • Histon acetylation
A

change of base in DNA

111
Q

the role of _ is a fine regulation of the protein synthesis in the cell:

A

miRNA/ siRNA

112
Q

in some cases the epigenetic changes may be inherited

A

if the effect(s) acts during germ-cell proliferation (‘time window’)

113
Q

you can find neoteny in

A

Axolotl

114
Q

pheromones are detected by

A

VNO

115
Q

you can prevent constant estrus by using GnRH agonist implants in which species

A

Ferrets

116
Q

the cephalopods protection

A

protected by the 2010/63/EU directive since 2013

117
Q

what is true about animals in an outbred stock

A

they are anisogenic

118
Q

chromorhydachyrrhea is caused by

A

vitamin A deficiency

119
Q

it can pass through the uterine wall

A

mouse mammary tumour

LCM

120
Q

carbohydrate ingestion stimulates

A

the fatty acid synthase gene expression

121
Q

drug that may increase the mitochodrial number

A

resveratrol

122
Q

what is the most used model for drug metabolism studys in humans

A

Macaco

123
Q

describe the naked mole rat as an animal model

A
  • have a gene which concerves collagen
  • do not age
  • do not get tumours
  • lifespan of 20-30 years
  • complex social system and hierachy
  • best model for aging and cancer studies
124
Q

explain the pain scoring system for glires

describe the evaluation of the glires pain categories

A
  • 0 points = none
  • 1 point = mild
  • 2 points = moderate
  • 3 points = severe
  • based on apperance, behavioir, pulse, appetite/ drinking, cardiovascular, digestive and nervous systems
  • 0-4 = normal
  • 5-9 = needs analgesia
  • 10-14 = moderate pain, possibly need to terminate trial
  • 15-20 = not physiological, stop the trial
125
Q

explain the epigenetics mechanism of action

A
  • modifications - e.g. methylation, histone acetylation, which protect DNA and modify which genes are expressed or silence
  • Does not change genome itself
  • may be inherited
  • influenced by outside stimuli e.g. nutritional status
126
Q

give the meaning of the pyrmid conception with examples. shortly describe the pyramid conception, with examples

A
  • computer - synthesize compounds
  • bacteria - test for teratogenicity
  • cell culture - eliminate harmful compounds
  • invertebrates
  • fish
  • mammals
  • non-human primates
  • humans

bioethics past questions (1 decks)

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