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GENERAL PATHOLOGY > Past Questions > Flashcards

Past Questions Flashcards

1
Q
  1. How does brown snake venom affect haemostasis?

A. it damages endothelium to expose tissue factor and subendothelial collagen

B. it activates platelets

C. it activate prothrombin to form thrombin

D. it activates plasminogen to form plasmin

E. it cause inflammation which cross-links with haemostatic cascades

A

A. it damages endothelium to expose tissue factor and subendothelial collagen

C. it activate prothrombin to form thrombin - ADEM

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2
Q
  1. Hyperplasia of prostatic glandular epithelim in dogs occurs in response to stimulate by:

A. Oestrogen

B. Frequent sexual activity

C. Pheromones secreted by bitches in oestrus

D. Dihydrotestosterone

E. Constipation

A

D. Dihydrotestosterone

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3
Q
  1. Arya send a raven to tell you that every night for the last two months, her dog Nymeria wakes her up because of coughing and pacing. Nymeria seems OK during the day, but without the old vim and vigor of yestertear. You tell her that her dog has orthopnea. What underlying condition is the MOST likely?

A. bronchopneumonia

B. left heart failure

C. iron deficiency anaemia

D. pulmonary thromboembolism

E. small foreign body in the trachea

A

B. left heart failure

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4
Q
  1. What is cardiac tamponade? (circule one answer). (Duh)

A. Left heart failure causing right heart failure

B. Right heart failure causing left heart failure

C. Pulmonary hypertension causing left heart failure

D. Pulmonary hypertension causing right heart failure

E. Cardiac failure because of fluid distension of the pericardial sac

A

E. Cardiac failure because of fluid distension of the pericardial sac

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5
Q
  1. Which finding is typically associated with pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium bovis in cattle?

A. squamous metaplasia of bronchial epithelium

B. hyperplastic bronchitis

C. bronchial epithelial dysplasia

D. caseous necrosis

E. pulmonary lobular atrophy

A

D. caseous necrosis

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions is the least likely to predispose to thrombosis?

A. brown snake bite

B. valvular stenosis

C. septic shock

D. indwelling venous catheter

E. hepatic degeneration

A

E. hepatic degeneration

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7
Q
  1. Choose the single best statement.

A. Occllusive aterial thrombi cause red infracts, while occlusive venous thrombi cause whute infracts

B. Occlusive arterial thrombi cause white infarcts, while occlusive venous thrombi cause red infarcts

C. Occlusive arterial thrombi and occlusive venous thrombi cause red infarcts

D. Occlusive arterial thrombi and occlusive venous thrombi cause white infracts

A

B. Occlusive arterial thrombi cause white infarcts, while occlusive venous thrombi cause red infarcts

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8
Q
  1. What causes lipid accumulation in hepatocytes with fatty degeneration?

A. intracellular Ca++ influx causes formation of calcium soaps

B. insufficient production of lipid transport apoproteins

C. activation of phospholispase A

D. myelin-whorl formation of damaged membrane lipids

E. insufficient oxygen for beta-oxidation of lipids

A

B. insufficient production of lipid transport apoproteins

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following molecules is a negative acute phase protein?

A. Fibinogen

B. C reactive protein

C. Albumin

D. Serum amyloid A

E. Complement (C3)

A

C. Albumin

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10
Q
  1. Causes of hyperkalaemia may include all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

A. Haemolysis in horses

B. Metabolic alkalosis

C. Bladder repture

D. Severe rhabdomyolysis

E. Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease)

A

B. Metabolic alkalosis

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following molecules or compunds are used in formulas to calculate serum osmolality/osmolarity?
    1) sodium
    2) urea
    3) albumin
    4) potassium

A. 1,2 and 3

B. 1, 2 and 4

C. 2 and 3

D. 3 and 4

E. 1, 2, 3, and 4

A

C. 2 and 3

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12
Q
  1. Which one of the following conditions is expected to cause the greatest increase in osmolal gap?

A. Renal failure

B. Diabetic hyperglycemia

C. Hypernatremia due to water deprivation

D. Acute ethylene glycol toxicity

E. Pregancy toxaemia

A

D. Acute ethylene glycol toxicity

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13
Q
  1. Which one of the following could not be a cause the condition seen in this animal?

A. Cachexia caused by cancer or other systemic illness

B. Inadequate amount or poor quality of feedstuffs

C. Chronic severe gastrointestinal parasitism

D. Dental attrition

E. Inadequate secretion of growth hormone from pituitary

F. Lameness

A

E. Inadequate secretion of growth hormone from pituitary

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14
Q
  1. Cross section of skeletal muscle. What pathological process is depicted?

A. Atrophy

B. Involution

C. Hypoplasia

D. Degeneration

E. Apoptosis

A

A. Atrophy

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15
Q
  1. What caused this problem in a lamb foetus?

A. Developmental anomaly

B. Neoplastic transformation

C. Postmortem change

D. Nutritional deficiency

E. Genetic deficiency

A

D. Nutritional deficiency

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16
Q
  1. Tissue from dogs. One of these specimens is normal. Select the correct statement about the abnormal specimen.

A. The prostate is enlarged and symmetrical

B. The prostate is small and symmetrical

C. The prostate is large and asymmetrical

D. The prostate is small and asymmetrical

A

A. The prostate is enlarged and symmetrical

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17
Q

. Histologic section of lung. Select the correct diagnosis

A. Pneumonia

B. Coagulation necrosis

C. Caseousnecrosis

D. Dysplasia

E. Neoplasia

A

A. Pneumonia

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18
Q
  1. In cats, saddle thrombi in the distal aorta are associated with which of the following?

A Hyperlipidemia

B Mitral valve insufficiency

C Myocardial infarction

D Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

E Endocardiosis

A

D Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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19
Q
  1. An infarct is which of the following?

A An area of caseous necrosis

B An embolus

C An area of ischemic necrosis

D A thrombus

E An area of liquefactive necrosis

A

C An area of ischemic necrosis

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20
Q
  1. Necropsy of an emaciated animal reveals clear, gelatinous tissue over the heart, around the kidneys, and in the bone marrow where normally fat should be present. This change is called which of the following?

A Fat necrosis

B Edema

C Brown fat

D Serous atrophy of fat

E Cachexia

A

D Serous atrophy of fat

21
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions would most likely lead to development of an anemic (white) infarct rather than a haemorrhagic (red) infarct?

A Arterial occlusion

B Venous occlusion

C Infarction of loose tissues

D Infarction of a tissue with dual blood supply

E Infarction of a previously congested tissue

A

A Arterial occlusion

22
Q
  1. Which of the following does not result in passive congestion of the liver?

A Chronic Heartworm Disease

B Cor pulmonale

C Cardiac tamponade

D Aortic aneurysm

E Right-sided dilatative cardiomyopathy

A

D Aortic aneurysm

23
Q
  1. Apoptosis is which of the following?

A A synonym for phagocytosis

B The process of apocrine gland secretion

C Cellular aging

D A synonym for lipidosis

E Programmed cell death

A

E Programmed cell death

24
Q
  1. Dystrophic calcification refers to which of the following?

A Mineralization of viable tissues or cells

B Mineralization due to hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

C Mineralization of dead or damaged tissues or cells

D Mineralization due to hypercalcemia and normophosphatemia

E Mineralization due to normocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

A

C Mineralization of dead or damaged tissues or cells

25
Q
  1. Which of the following terms means the replacement of one differentiated (mature) cell type by another differentiated (mature) cell type?

A Neoplasia

B Hyperplasia

C Aplasia

D Dysplasia

E Metaplasia

A

E Metaplasia

26
Q
  1. Free radicals are which of the following?

A Reactive species of oxygen

B Cleavage products of complement

C Cleavage products of the coagulation cascade

D Fibrin degradation products

E Cleavage products of prostaglandins

A

A Reactive species of oxygen

27
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a chemical mediator of acute inflammation?

A Bradykinin

B Interferon-gamma (IFNg)

C Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFa)

D Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

E Histamine

A

B Interferon-gamma (IFNg)

28
Q
  1. Acute inflammation is characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following?

A Hyperemia

B Pain

C Edema

D Fibrosis

E Heat

A

D Fibrosis

29
Q
  1. Concerning hypertrophy, which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

A It is an increase in the size of individual cells.

B It is due to increased cellular intake of fluid.

C It can be physiologic or pathologic

D It is due to synthesis of structural components of the cell.

E It is caused by increased functional demand or specific hormonal stimulation.

A

B It is due to increased cellular intake of fluid.

30
Q
  1. Causes of atrophy include all EXCEPT which of the following?

A Decreased workload

B Loss of innervation

C Overuse

D Inadequate nutrition

E Decreased blood supply

A

C Overuse

31
Q
  1. In which of the following types of necrosis does the gross and microscopic architecture of the tissue and some cells remain recognizable?

A Coagulation necrosis

B Caseous necrosis

C Liquefactive necrosis

D Malacia

E Gangrene

A

A Coagulation necrosis

32
Q
  1. Intracellular accumulation of which of the following is associated with cell death?

A Haemosiderin

B Lipofuscin

C Mineral

D Lipid

E Glycogen

A

C Mineral

33
Q
  1. All EXCEPT which of the following are indicators of irreversible cell injury?

A Calcium influx into the cell

B Loss of cell membrane integrity

C Cellular swelling

D Mitochondrial disruption

E Nuclear condensation

A

C Cellular swelling

34
Q
  1. Which of the following CANNOT occur as a post mortem change?

A Rigor mortis

B Algor mortis

C Livor mortis

D Discoloration

E Haemorrhage

A

E Haemorrhage

35
Q
  1. A pale wedge-shaped lesion in the renal cortex, with the base toward the renal cortical surface and the apex toward the medulla, is most likely which of the following?

A An abscess

B An embolus

C Diffuse renal interstitial fibrosis

D Autolysis

E An infarct

A

E An infarct

36
Q
  1. An adult sheep that has marked subcutaneous edema (“bottle jaw”), hydrothorax, and ascites. Examination of the sheep’s mucous membranes reveals marked mucosal pallor. The most likely clinical pathologic findings in this case are:

A Polycythemia (erythrocytosis) and hypoproteinemia

B Polycythemia (erythrocytosis) and hyperproteinemia

C Anaemia and hypoproteinemia

D Anaemia and hyperproteinemia

A

C Anaemia and hypoproteinemia

37
Q
  1. Select the only INCORRECT statement:

A Skeletal muscular enlargement due to exercise (i.e., increased workload) is due to cellular HYPERTROPHY.

B A dog with chronic dermatitis will often have marked local thickening of the inflamed skin due to epithelial HYPERTROPHY.

C A cat that has its right kidney removed (i.e., unilateral nephrectomy) will have compensatory HYPERTROPHY of the nephrons of the left kidney.

D A dog with a right-sided adrenocortical adenoma that secretes excessive corticosteroid hormones, will develop ATROPHY of the left adrenal cortex.

E A lamb foetus that had in utero iodine deficiency will develop thyroid follicular epithelial HYPERPLASIA.

A

B A dog with chronic dermatitis will often have marked local thickening of the inflamed skin due to epithelial HYPERTROPHY.

38
Q

This kidney has been stained with iodine to reveal a suspected condition. Which of the following clinical findings would most likely have been associated with this condition?

A. Uraemia, anaemia, hypovitaminosus D, and autoimmune disease

B. Sodium retention, increased total body water, and high blood pressure

C. Systemic hypotension, tachycardia, weak pulse, widespread petechiation, and DIC

D. Proteinuria, hypoproteinaemia, dependent oedema, and thrombosis

E. Hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia, elevation of PTH, and osteomalacia

A

D. Proteinuria, hypoproteinaemia, dependent oedema, and thrombosis

39
Q
  1. Pig. What problem is depicted?

A.Oedema

B.Lipofuscinosis

C.Anaemia

D.Haemochromatosis

E.Methaemoglobinaemia

A

E.Methaemoglobinaemia

40
Q
  1. What is this pigment?

A.Haemosiderin

B.Lipofuscin

C.Amyloid

D.Melanin

E.Bilirubin

A

A.Haemosiderin

41
Q
  1. Dog. What do you see?

A.Carotenoid pigments

B.Lipofuscinosis

C.Icterus

D.Oedema

E.Ascites

A

C.Icterus

42
Q
  1. What is the problem?

AFatty metaplasia

BOedema

CSerous atrophy of fat

DAdipose Hypertrophy

EJaundice

A

B. Oedema

43
Q
  1. Bovine. What pigment is this?

ATetracycline

BHaemosiderin

CPorphyrin

DMelanin

ENormal dentin

A

C Porphyrin

44
Q
  1. What is the arrow pointing to?

A.Apoptosis

B.Chromatin clumping

C.Pyknosis

D.Karyolysis

E.Karyorrhexis

A

D.Karyolysis

45
Q
  1. Select the correct statement regarding the left & right photos:

A.The left has atrophied epidermis

B.The right has a thick cutaneous muscle

C.The right has hyperplastic epidermis

D.The left has involution of hair follicles

E.Both specimens are normal

A

C.The right has hyperplastic epidermis

46
Q
  1. What is the most likely pigment causing yellow fat in a Jersey cow?

A.Carotenoids

B.Lipofuscin

C.Conjugated bilirubin

D.Unconjugated bilirubin

E.Oxidized steroids

A

A.Carotenoids

47
Q

4.Why is calcium important in degeneration and necrosis?

A.Calcium blocks oxidative phosphorylation

B.Calcific densities cause mitochondrial damage

C.Blood calcium levels become dangerously decreased

D.Blood calcium levels become dangerously increased

E.Calcium inappropriately activates many enzymes

A

E.Calcium inappropriately activates many enzymes

48
Q
  1. What is wrong with this bone marrow?

A.Discolouration by tetracycline

B.Serous atrophy of fat

C.Haematopoietc atrophy

D.Haematopoietic dysplasia

E.Dystrophic calcification

A

B.Serous atrophy of fat

49
Q
A

GENERAL PATHOLOGY (1 decks)

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