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Sports Medicine > Past Questions > Flashcards

Past Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Regarding hypertension and regular exercise:

a) Aerobic exercise increases vagal tone
b) Resistance training is not recommended
c) Benefit is achieved by 3 weeks

A

A

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2
Q

Side effects of human growth hormone (hGH) use are:

a) Lipogenesis and muscle atrophy
b) Retardation of skeletal growth in children
c) Acromegaly, diabetes and myopathies

A

C

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3
Q

Chemical energy gained from nutrients is used during muscle work for:

a) Synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate
b) Removal of CO2 from working muscles
c) Formation of cross bridges between actin and tropomyosin

A

A

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4
Q

Nutrient metabolized during high intensive exercise in anaerobic way is:

a) Amino acid
b) Glucose
c) Fatty acid

A

B

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5
Q

Exposure to cold stimulates thermoreceptors:

a) In cerebral cortex
b) In hypothalamus
c) In the skin

A

C

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6
Q

Maximal exercise testing to evaluate exercise capacity can identify older adults with the presence or absence and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The rest is considered abnormal when there is:

a) A horizontal or down-sloping ST-segment depression more than 1 mm at 60-80
ms after the J point

b) A horizontal or down-sloping ST-segment depression more than 2 mm at 60-80
ms after the J point

c) An abnormally high heart rate

A

B

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7
Q

Choose correct order of heat-related illness (from minor to severe):

a) Heart exhaustion – heat syncope – heat stroke
b) Heat syncope – heat stroke – heat exhaustion
c) Heat syncope – heat exhaustion – heat stroke

A

A

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8
Q

Female athlete triad is based on the following symptoms:

a) Disordered eating, weight gain and osteoporosis
b) Disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis
c) Extreme fatigue, amenorrhea and disordered eating

A

B

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9
Q

Exercise induced anaphylaxis:

a) Is connected only with exercise, connection with other triggers (e.g.: specific
food) is not known

b) Is connected with exercise, but its nature is benign and no treatment is necessary

c) Can be connected with symptoms like pruritus, urticaria, hypotension and
angioedema

A

C

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10
Q

The most prominent physiologic manifestation of high-altitude is: a) Hypobaric hypoxia

b) Hyperbaric hypoxia
c) Normobaric hypoxia

A

A

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11
Q

Lower aerobic capacity in adult women compared to men is caused by lower maximal cardiac output due to:

a) Lower maximal stroke volume (SVmax)
b) Both lower HRmax and SVmax
c) Lower maximal heart rate (HRmax)

A

A

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12
Q

Basic recommendation for strength training of preadolescent kids is:

a) Using weights performs 4-5 training sessions per week, 5 to 6 sets with 20-30
repetitions of each exercise
b) Using weight: add weight gradually in 20-30% increments
c) Body weight exercises should be done first

A

C

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13
Q

The most effective way of the cold illness is:
a) Increasing heat production by exercise, shivering, meals and hot drinks
b) Decrease heat loss with adequate “layering” of clothing
c) Consuming sufficient volume of drinks to prevent dehydration and subsequent
impairment in circulating blood

A

B

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14
Q

Decrease in muscle mass with aging includes the decrease in type I and type II muscle fibers:

a) Decrease of type I muscle fibers (SO) and type II muscle fibers (FG) is same
b) Decrease of type I muscle fibers (ST) is faster than with type II muscle fibers (FG) c) Decrease of type II muscle fibers (FG) is faster than with type I muscle fibers (SO)

A

C

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15
Q

A cause of tension pneumothorax due to diving is:

a) Abnormal expansion of lungs
b) Paralysis of inspiratory muscles owing to hyperbaric conditions c) Expansion of air in pleural cavity

A

C

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of Sudden Cardiac Death in young athletes?

a) Myocardial infarction
b) Hypertension
c) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

C

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17
Q

The thermoregulatory center is located in:

a) Pineal gland
b) Hypothalamus
c) Brain stem

A

B

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18
Q

The main mechanism of heat transport within the body is:

a) Evaporation
b) Convection
c) Conduction

A

B

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19
Q

The long-term (weeks to months) high altitude acclimatization process results to:

a) Muscle gain
b) Increase in red cell mass
c) Decrease in mitochondrial number and volume

A

B

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20
Q

Lactate itself is:

a) Harmful for heart muscle cells
b) Good source for energy production
c) A part of carbohydrate-rich food and drinks

A

B

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21
Q

Barotrauma may be associated with:

a) Rupture of tympanic membrane
b) Hypovolemic shock
c) Affection of tissue by nitrogen bubbles

A

A

22
Q

Superficial frostbite involves:

a) Skin only
b) Skin and underlying muscles
c) Skin and underlying muscles, nerves and vessels

A

A

23
Q

Effective treatments of acute mountain sickness are:

a) Metformin and caffeine
b) Repeated small doses of alcohol and/or sedatives
c) Rest, lowering of altitude, supplemental oxygen, acetazolamide and corticoids

A

C

24
Q

The value of VO2max 70-80 ml/kg/min is:

a) Typical for world’s best endurance athletes
b) Impossible to reach
c) Usual in healthy men’s population aged 30-39 years

A

A

25
Q

Total amount of coronary artery calcium score predicts high risk of cardiac event within next two to five years if coronary calcium score is:

a) Higher than 10
b) Higher than 100
c) 50 to 100

A

B

26
Q

Average body fat in adult men and women is:

a) About 15% in men and about 25% in women
b) About 25% in men and about 15% in women
c) Approximately the same for men and women

A

A

27
Q

Decline in athletic performance during aging is related to:

a) Increase in BMI associated with an increase in total body fat
b) Loss of motivation for regular physical activity
c) Decrease in maximal heart rate, maximal cardiac output, maximal aerobic
capacity. ..

A

C

28
Q

What is the most common cause of Sudden Cardiac Death in young athletes?

a) Hypertension
b) Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
c) Myocardial Infarction

A

B

29
Q

At high altitude sprints requiring short bursts of high-intensity activity are:

a) Improved due to reduced air resistance
b) Improved due to lowered partial pressure of oxygen
c) Worsened due to lowered partial pressure of oxygen

A

C

30
Q

In the case of hot environment, hyperthermia is the most probable in:

a) Runner
b) Swimmer
c) Cyclist

A

A

31
Q

Factor which account for the abrupt increase in ventilation at the beginning of exercise is:

a) Lactic acid production
b) Afferentation from proprioceptors c) Rise in body temperature

A

B

32
Q

Prolonged cooling and hypothermia results in following psychological changes:

a) Increased heart rate and cardiac output
b) Respiratory alkalosis develops due to hyperventilation
c) Decreased insulin activity and hypoglycemia

A

A

33
Q

The sign of minor heat-related illness is/are:

a) Brain damage
b) Heat cramps
c) Organs failure

A

B

34
Q

What are the positive effects of exercise in children? Exercise:

a) Increases erythrocyte production
b) Helps control weight
c) Lowers HDL cholesterol

A

B

35
Q

Female athletes with asthma may be vulnerable during:

a) Follicular phase
b) Ovulation
c) Premenstrual phase

A

C

36
Q

Factors affecting higher risk of cold injury in older athletes due to impaired thermoregulation include:

a) Increased vasoconstrictor response and decreased capacity for shivering

b) Decreased total skeletal muscle mass and impaired ability to perceive ambient
air temperature adequately
c) Subclinical hyperthyroidism

A

B

37
Q

Absolute contraindication to diving is:

a) Hypertension
b) Coronary heart disease
c) Long QT syndrome

A

C

38
Q

Anabolic-androgenic steroids are:

a) Synthetic drugs that have both anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic properties
b) Over-the-counter available painkillers

c) Synthetic drugs that increase protein synthesis and enhance the development of
male secondary sexual characteristics

A

C

39
Q

Regarding overheating the most dangerous is combination of high surrounding temperature and:

a) High velocity of movement
b) Rapid airflow
c) High air humidity

A

C

40
Q

ATP-creatine phosphate system in the skeletal muscle:

a) Degrades glycogen into pyruvate
b) Provides rapid resynthesis of ATP
c) Is dependent on oxygen availability

A

B

41
Q

Absolute contraindication to diving:

a) DM
b) Pregnancy
c) Asthma

A

B

42
Q

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous glucose monitoring system:

a) Can be useful for selected endurance athletes
b) Is not generally recommended during physical activity because of its bigger
techniq. ..
c) Cannot be temporary interrupted during exercise

A

A

43
Q

The best way to determine lactate threshold for a cyclist is:

a) To calculate it as a 35% from his/her VO2max measurement
b) To have the cyclist ride a stationary bike at increasing intensities measurement of
bike each intensity
c) To measure the highest lactate blood value after 30s sprint

A

B

44
Q

Definitive treatment of heavy frostbites consists of:

a) A gentle massage of the affected area is recommended
b) Affected body parts should be slowly rewarmed in warm water 30-35 centigrade
c) Affected body parts should be rapidly rewarmed in warm water 40-42 centigrade

A

C

45
Q

One of the most important measures leading to reduction of mortality due to Sudden Cardiac Death is:

a) Availability of AED (automated external defibrillator)
b) Availability of oxygen mask
c) Availability of epinephrine injections

A

A

46
Q

Exercise-induced bronchospasm is:

a) Well connected with the anamnesis of asthma
b) Rare but severe medical condition, usually needs to be treated at ICU
c) Relatively frequent medical condition especially in swimmers

A

A

47
Q

Aerobic capacity is:

a) A measurement of oxygen the body can use during all-out exercise
b) A measurement of lung capacity
c) Not trainable

A

A

48
Q

Causes of children obesity is:

a) Daily energy value of food is higher that the age related forms
b) Too high carbohydrate content in the diet
c) Energy expenditure is lower than energy intake

A

C

49
Q

In patients with diabetes mellitus:

a) Exercise is important component of the treatment
b) Exercise is contraindicated in patients with peripheral neuropathy
c) Exercise is not recommended because of high probability of hypoglycemia

A

A

50
Q

In young athletes the abnormal ECG findings is:

a) Prolonged QTc interval
b) Incomplete right bundle branch block
c) Tall T waves

A

A

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