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Reproduction and biotechnology > past questions > Flashcards

past questions Flashcards

1
Q

generally, where should we inject semen in the cow AI?

A

body of the uterus

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2
Q

Which AI techniques is not used in the ewe?

A

rectovaginal AI (its in cows)

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3
Q

what is the optimal ewe ram ratio at natural mating cycle?

A

1:50

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4
Q

what is the volume of ram ejaculate?

A

1-2 ml

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5
Q

what is the concentration the spermatozoa in case of laparoscopic AI?

A

20 million per uterine horn

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6
Q

which component of the egg yolk protects the plasma membrane of the spermatozoa?

A

lipoprotein

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7
Q

when does the cow ovulate?

A

10-(12)h after the end of oestrus

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8
Q

what is the temperature of liquid nitrogen?

A

-196˚C

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9
Q

generally, where should we inject the semen in the AI of the cow?

A

in the body of the uterus

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10
Q

which insemination technique is not used in the pig?

A

intravaginal

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11
Q

what type of semen is used in the practice of AI in pigs?

A

semen stored at 16-17˚C

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12
Q

the semen is collected in the pig with?

A

gloved hand technique

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13
Q

how frequently can semen be collected from the pig?

A

twice a week

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14
Q

concentration of spermatozoa in the dose used for pig insemination?

A

3-5 million

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15
Q

volume of insemination of dose used for pigs?

A

50-100ml

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16
Q

how long is oestrous in the mare?

A

5-7 days

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17
Q

what is the concentration of spermatozoa in the AI dose used in the horse?

A

500 million

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18
Q

what is the correct time of the AI in horses?

A

close to the end of oestrus

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19
Q

what is the AI dose used in horses?

A

10-50 ml

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20
Q

where should the semen be deposited in the mare?

A

body of the uterus

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21
Q

where does the dog ejaculate the semen?

A

vagina

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22
Q

what is the acceptable motility result in the dog?

A

80% (75-90%)

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23
Q

how can semen be collected from the stallion?

A

AV

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24
Q

which properties of the AV is/are important at the semen collection in the stallion?

A

temperature and pressure

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25
Q

AI of the mare should be done…..?

A

every other day until the end of the estrus

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26
Q

does the stallion ejaculate in different fractions?

A

yes

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27
Q

which technique is not used for semen collection of the stallion?

A

electroejaculation

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28
Q

in how many fractions does a pig ejaculate?

A

3

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29
Q

optimum time of AI in the pig?

A

in the middle of the 50-60 hr of oestrus period

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30
Q

the only successful process of sexing sperm?

A

flow cytometry

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31
Q

what is the first thing to do with an orphan puppy?

A

check its temperature

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32
Q

which cells produce testosterone?

A

Leydig

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33
Q

where is the GnRH surge centre in males?

A

males don’t have a GnRH surge centre

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34
Q

where is the GnRH surge centre in females?

A

hypothalamus

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35
Q

in mares the endometrial cups produce?

A

eCG (PMSG)

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36
Q

when does the embryo enter the uterus in mares?

A

on day 5-6 of gestation

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37
Q

where are oestrogen produced in the mare?

A

oestrogen are only produced by the secondary follicles

38
Q

what is the difference between heat and ovulation in the swine?

A

duration of heat is 3 days

ovulation is 46-54 hrs

39
Q

what happens to the electroconductivity of the vaginal discharge of the cow during heat:?

A

during heat the electroconductivity of the vaginal discharge decreases

40
Q

what does inhibin do?

A

relaxes the tonicity of the myometrium

41
Q

what accessory gland is most important in the dog?

A

prostate

42
Q

what is the temperature of liquid nitrogen?

A

-196 ˚C

43
Q

what is the volume of the second fraction in a dog?

A

5-6 ml

44
Q

what does eosin staining achieve?

A

staining of dead cells

45
Q

FSH acts on what cells?

A

Sertoli cells

46
Q

what is the most common cause of pyometra in dogs?

A

E. coli

47
Q

what are the equine accessory glands?

A

all of them:

  • bulbourethral
  • prostate
  • ampulla
48
Q

when is the GnRH surge in males?

A

there is no GnRH surge in males

49
Q

what is the mean volume of bull semen?

A

6ml

50
Q

what is necrospermia?

A

when there is a high amount of dead sperm

  • moderate = 50%
  • severe = 80%

in lectures he said 100%

51
Q

what do you assess with spermatozoa under high magnitude?

A

individual movement

52
Q

where would you find a tight junction?

A

blood-testis barrier

53
Q

what happens if insemination happens too late after heat?

A

ageing oocyte

54
Q

what is the swelling test?

A

A live sperm cell will “swell” when placed in a hypo-osmotic solution, expanding its cell volume

55
Q

what is the indication of reduced opacity of sperm?

A

less spermatozoa than there should be

56
Q

what are the consequences of spaying in diestrus?

A

nothing

57
Q

what are the consequences of spaying a bitch in metestrus?

A

pseudopregnancy

58
Q

what are the consequences of slow cooling?

A

death due to dehydration and toxicity effects

59
Q

what Are the consequences of too rapid cooling?

A

death due to the formation of ice crystals

60
Q

what colour is the X-bearing sperm cells in fish sex determination?

A

pink

61
Q

what colour are Y-bearing cells in fish sex determination?

A

green

62
Q

what is the peroxidase test used for?

A

the diagnosis of potential autoimmune conditions by the assessment of antibodies

63
Q

at what gestational age should you evaluate a mare for twins?

A

13-15 days

64
Q

where is GnRH produced?

A

hypothalamus

65
Q

which period of the oestrus cycle must samples be taken for endometrial bacteriology in the mare

A

during estrus

66
Q

what is the earliest time when pregnancy can be detected by ultrasound in the mare?

A

9-12 days after ovulation

67
Q

what is the biological half-life of LH?

A

<20-30 minutes

68
Q

what is the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak in mares?

A

6-8 hrs

69
Q

what is the progesterone during anoestrus?

A

<1ng/ml

70
Q

what is the meaning of preovulatory luteinization?

A

an increase in plasma progesterone level prior to the LH peak can be observed

71
Q

at what temperature do we store chilled semen?

A

5 ˚C

72
Q

what is the feature about pathogens that cause vaginitis?

A

most often constituents of normal vaginal flora

73
Q

which test method can be used to examine the prostate?

A

inspection

74
Q

what causes the female pseudoherphrodrodism?

A

androgen effect in early stages of individual development

75
Q

which cycle phase is this typical? small vulva, pink, flat mucosa?

A

anoestrus

76
Q

where are the osmium urethrae externa, fossa clitoridis located?

A

ventral wall of the vagina

77
Q

how long does the canine sperm survive in the uterus?

A

10-12 days

78
Q

in what phase can we measure the highest progesterone levels?

A

diestrus

79
Q

what type of contamination can we suspect if the sperm is green coloured?

A

purulent exudate

80
Q

what does azoospermia mean?

A

lack of sperm

81
Q

in which point of the cycle does is rosetta-like appearance?

A

dioestrus

82
Q

when do secondary morphological abnormalities develop

?

A

during the ripening process

83
Q

which word describes healthy movement of sperm?

A

vibratory

84
Q

which cycle phase does the bitch show receptivity?

A

oestrus

85
Q

what factor is not involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

testosterone levels increase with age

86
Q

how can the libido of a boar be increased?

A

urine of a sow in standing heat

87
Q

what do we use boar spray for?

A

to mimic the presence of a boar

88
Q

in which animal is the insemination with frozen semen least efficient?

A

Swine

89
Q

how do we collect semen from a boar?

A

with a phantom

90
Q

how do you know if a sow is in standing heat?

A

apply pressure to the back of the animal

91
Q

what is the site of sperm deposition in pigs?

A

cervical

Reproduction and biotechnology (1 decks)

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