past questions Flashcards
generally, where should we inject semen in the cow AI?
body of the uterus
Which AI techniques is not used in the ewe?
rectovaginal AI (its in cows)
what is the optimal ewe ram ratio at natural mating cycle?
1:50
what is the volume of ram ejaculate?
1-2 ml
what is the concentration the spermatozoa in case of laparoscopic AI?
20 million per uterine horn
which component of the egg yolk protects the plasma membrane of the spermatozoa?
lipoprotein
when does the cow ovulate?
10-(12)h after the end of oestrus
what is the temperature of liquid nitrogen?
-196˚C
generally, where should we inject the semen in the AI of the cow?
in the body of the uterus
which insemination technique is not used in the pig?
intravaginal
what type of semen is used in the practice of AI in pigs?
semen stored at 16-17˚C
the semen is collected in the pig with?
gloved hand technique
how frequently can semen be collected from the pig?
twice a week
concentration of spermatozoa in the dose used for pig insemination?
3-5 million
volume of insemination of dose used for pigs?
50-100ml
how long is oestrous in the mare?
5-7 days
what is the concentration of spermatozoa in the AI dose used in the horse?
500 million
what is the correct time of the AI in horses?
close to the end of oestrus
what is the AI dose used in horses?
10-50 ml
where should the semen be deposited in the mare?
body of the uterus
where does the dog ejaculate the semen?
vagina
what is the acceptable motility result in the dog?
80% (75-90%)
how can semen be collected from the stallion?
AV
which properties of the AV is/are important at the semen collection in the stallion?
temperature and pressure
AI of the mare should be done…..?
every other day until the end of the estrus
does the stallion ejaculate in different fractions?
yes
which technique is not used for semen collection of the stallion?
electroejaculation
in how many fractions does a pig ejaculate?
3
optimum time of AI in the pig?
in the middle of the 50-60 hr of oestrus period
the only successful process of sexing sperm?
flow cytometry
what is the first thing to do with an orphan puppy?
check its temperature
which cells produce testosterone?
Leydig
where is the GnRH surge centre in males?
males don’t have a GnRH surge centre
where is the GnRH surge centre in females?
hypothalamus
in mares the endometrial cups produce?
eCG (PMSG)
when does the embryo enter the uterus in mares?
on day 5-6 of gestation
where are oestrogen produced in the mare?
oestrogen are only produced by the secondary follicles
what is the difference between heat and ovulation in the swine?
duration of heat is 3 days
ovulation is 46-54 hrs
what happens to the electroconductivity of the vaginal discharge of the cow during heat:?
during heat the electroconductivity of the vaginal discharge decreases
what does inhibin do?
relaxes the tonicity of the myometrium
what accessory gland is most important in the dog?
prostate
what is the temperature of liquid nitrogen?
-196 ˚C
what is the volume of the second fraction in a dog?
5-6 ml
what does eosin staining achieve?
staining of dead cells
FSH acts on what cells?
Sertoli cells
what is the most common cause of pyometra in dogs?
E. coli
what are the equine accessory glands?
all of them:
- bulbourethral
- prostate
- ampulla
when is the GnRH surge in males?
there is no GnRH surge in males
what is the mean volume of bull semen?
6ml
what is necrospermia?
when there is a high amount of dead sperm
- moderate = 50%
- severe = 80%
in lectures he said 100%
what do you assess with spermatozoa under high magnitude?
individual movement
where would you find a tight junction?
blood-testis barrier
what happens if insemination happens too late after heat?
ageing oocyte
what is the swelling test?
A live sperm cell will “swell” when placed in a hypo-osmotic solution, expanding its cell volume
what is the indication of reduced opacity of sperm?
less spermatozoa than there should be
what are the consequences of spaying in diestrus?
nothing
what are the consequences of spaying a bitch in metestrus?
pseudopregnancy
what are the consequences of slow cooling?
death due to dehydration and toxicity effects
what Are the consequences of too rapid cooling?
death due to the formation of ice crystals
what colour is the X-bearing sperm cells in fish sex determination?
pink
what colour are Y-bearing cells in fish sex determination?
green
what is the peroxidase test used for?
the diagnosis of potential autoimmune conditions by the assessment of antibodies
at what gestational age should you evaluate a mare for twins?
13-15 days
where is GnRH produced?
hypothalamus
which period of the oestrus cycle must samples be taken for endometrial bacteriology in the mare
during estrus
what is the earliest time when pregnancy can be detected by ultrasound in the mare?
9-12 days after ovulation
what is the biological half-life of LH?
<20-30 minutes
what is the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak in mares?
6-8 hrs
what is the progesterone during anoestrus?
<1ng/ml
what is the meaning of preovulatory luteinization?
an increase in plasma progesterone level prior to the LH peak can be observed
at what temperature do we store chilled semen?
5 ˚C
what is the feature about pathogens that cause vaginitis?
most often constituents of normal vaginal flora
which test method can be used to examine the prostate?
inspection
what causes the female pseudoherphrodrodism?
androgen effect in early stages of individual development
which cycle phase is this typical? small vulva, pink, flat mucosa?
anoestrus
where are the osmium urethrae externa, fossa clitoridis located?
ventral wall of the vagina
how long does the canine sperm survive in the uterus?
10-12 days
in what phase can we measure the highest progesterone levels?
diestrus
what type of contamination can we suspect if the sperm is green coloured?
purulent exudate
what does azoospermia mean?
lack of sperm
in which point of the cycle does is rosetta-like appearance?
dioestrus
when do secondary morphological abnormalities develop
?
during the ripening process
which word describes healthy movement of sperm?
vibratory
which cycle phase does the bitch show receptivity?
oestrus
what factor is not involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
testosterone levels increase with age
how can the libido of a boar be increased?
urine of a sow in standing heat
what do we use boar spray for?
to mimic the presence of a boar
in which animal is the insemination with frozen semen least efficient?
Swine
how do we collect semen from a boar?
with a phantom
how do you know if a sow is in standing heat?
apply pressure to the back of the animal
what is the site of sperm deposition in pigs?
cervical
