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Toxicology > Past Q > Flashcards

Past Q Flashcards

1
Q

Humidity need of field molds is higher compared to storage molds. (True or False?)

A

True

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2
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to the alfatoxins?
A) They increase lipid peroxidation and production of reactive oxygen species
B) They inhibit the calcium channels in the myocardial cells, which decreases the contraction of the myocardium
C) They stimulate oestrongen receptor-mediated gene expression in endometrium, ovaries and mammary glands
D) Alfatoxin have carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic and immunosuppressive properties

A

D) Alfatoxin have carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic and immunosuppressive properties

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3
Q

Which statement is true?
A) After dissolution, gases can be absorbed by diffusion from the alveolar space
B) Both
C) Neither
D) The larger molecules with size more than 5 microm can be absorbed by phagocytosis from the alveolar space

A

D) The larger molecules with size more than 5 microm can be absorbed by phagocytosis from the alveolar space

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4
Q

Answer with one number! The number should be in the recommended range! (If there was a range, any number from that range will be accepted). Dose of deferoxamine in poisonings … mg/kg

A

20 mg/kg, IM

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5
Q

Answer with one number! The number should be in the recommended range! (If there was a range, any number from that range will be accepted). Dose of pralidoxime in poisonings … mg/kg

A

20-50 mg/kg IM

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6
Q

Guinea pigs can be treated with lincosamides carefully because these antibiotics mainly act against anaerobic bacteria (True or False?)

A

False

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7
Q

Answer with one number! The number should be in the recommended range! (If there was a range, any number from that range will be accepted). Dose of 1% methylene blue in poisonings … mg/kg

A

5-10 mg/kg, IV

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8
Q 
Which clinical signs are caused by
A) Salivation, vomiting
B) Blister dermatitis
C) Both
D) Neither
A

C) Both

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9
Q 
Which clinical signs are caused by bee or wasp venom in horses?
A) Haemoglobinuria
B) Neither
C) Both
D) Dyspnoea
A

C) Both

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10
Q

Answer with one number! The number should be in the recommended range! (If there was a range, any number from that range will be accepted). Dose of 20% ethanol in poisonings … mg/kg

A

5 ml/kg, IV

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11
Q 
Which substance is found in Daffodil spp.?
A) Neither
B) Alkaloids
C) Glycosides
D) Both
A

D) Both

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12
Q

Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic of zinc?
A) It blocks the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase, coprogenase and haem synthase
B) It inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria
C) It is incorporated instead of sulphur in amino acids and proteins thus inhibiting sulfhydryl-disulphide conversions
D) It causes haemolytic anaemia after absorption

A

D) It causes haemolytic anaemia after absorption

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13
Q

Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic of zinc?
A) It blocks the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase, coprogenase and haem synthase
B) It inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria
C) It is incorporated instead of sulphur in amino acids and proteins thus inhibiting sulfhydryl-disulphide conversions
D) It causes haemolytic anaemia after absorption

A

D) It causes haemolytic anaemia after absorption?

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14
Q 
Which pathological alteration is NOT characteristic in ethylene glycol poisoning?
A) Oxalate nephrosis 
B) Demyelinisation of peripheral axons
C) Oedemas all over the body
D) Gastroenteritis
A

B) Demyelinisation of peripheral axons

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15
Q 
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of cyanide poisoning?
A) Neither
B) NaNO2
C) Both
D) Na2S2O3
A

C) Both

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16
Q

Which statement is true for methylxanthines?
A) Neither
B) Both
C) They can cause brain oedema
D) They can cause ulceration in the stomach

A

C) They can cause brain oedema

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17
Q 
What is characteristic to Bracken fern toxicosis?
A) Liver failure
B) Bone marrow damage
C) Arrythmia
D) Kidney failure
A

B) Bone marrow damage

18
Q 
What is characteristic to Bracken fern toxicosis?
A) Liver failure
B) Bone marrow damage
C) Arrythmia
D) Kidney failure
A

B) Bone marrow damage

19
Q 
Which antidote is a chelating agent?
A) D-penicillamine
B) Both
C) Neither
D) Deferoxamine
A

C) Neither

20
Q

Pair the toxic gases with the statement listed below. Each statement can be used

Nitrogen doxide, Chlorine gas

Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, chlorine gas

Ammonium

Sulphur dioxide, ammonium, hydrogen sulphide

Nitrogen dioxide

A

Nitrogen doxide, Chlorine gas: Toxic gas with characteristic colour, that is heavier than air

Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, chlorine gas: High amount is produced during silage

Ammonium: It is produced during the decomposition of organic materials with high nitrogen content

Sulphur dioxide, ammonium, hydrogen sulphide: Colourless, strongly irritating gas with characteristic odour

Nitrogen dioxide: It causes acid production on mucosa because of moisture

21
Q 
During the metabolism of organophosphates, the following process cause increased toxicity of the substance
A) Substitution of fluor with sulphur
B) Substitution of sulphur with oxygen
C) Substitution of oxygen with sulphur
D) Substitution of fluor with oxygen
A

B) Substitution of sulphur with oxygen

22
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite?
A) It blocks function of haemoglobin reductase
B) Both
C) It causes dilation of blood vessels via nitrogen monoxide liberation
D) Neither

A

B) Both

23
Q 
Which medicine is useful for bronchodilation from this list?
A) Lobeline
B) Pimechlor
C) Doxapram
D) Aminophylline
A

D) Aminophylline

24
Q

Pair the plants with their typical phytotoxins!

Diffenbachia spp.
Monkshood
Bitter almond
Potato
Yew
Lupin
Ergot
Larkspur
Purple foxglove
Hemlock
Henbane
Lily of the valley
A 
Diffenbachia spp.: Calcium oxalate
Monkshood: Aconitine
Bitter almond: Cianglycoside
Potato: Solanine
Yew: Taxin
Lupin: Lupinine
Ergot: Ergotamine
Larkspur: Delphinine
Purple foxglove: Digoxin
Hemlock: Conine
Henbane: Atropine
Lily of the valley: Convallarine
25
Q

Which infusion would you recommend in ethylene glycol toxicosis?
A) No infusion is needed, it can even be contraindicated
B) Potassium rich infusions
C) NaHCO3 and Ringer lactate
D) Ringer lactate

A

C) NaHCO3 and Ringer lactate

26
Q 
Which clinical signs are caused in dogs by the venom of Latrodectus spp?
A) Hypotension
B) Sweating
C) Tonico-clonic convulsion
D) Reduced excitability
A

C) Tonico-clonic convulsion

27
Q 
Which clinical signs are caused by Angel's trumpet?
A) Neither
B) Convulsion, respiratory paralysis
C) Both
D) Tachycardia, tachypnoe
A

B) Convulsion, respiratory paralysis

28
Q 
What is NOT characteristic to anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?
A) Haematoma
B) Anaemia
C) Severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
D) Haemorrhages in the body cavities
A

C) Severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis

29
Q

This substance is routinely used to enhance urinary elimination of toxic substances?
A) Intravenous Vitamin B complex
B) Ringer lactate intravenous infusion
C) Urinary acidification with oral Vitamin C
D) Oral Silimarine

A

A) Intravenous Vitamin B complex

30
Q

Which statement is true?
A) Fusarium spp. belongs to field mould fungi
B) High environmental temperature favours growth of Fusarium spp
C) Neither
D) Both

A

C) Neither (?)

31
Q 
What is a pathological characterisitc of paraquat poisoning?
A) Nephritis, nephrosis
B) Pulmonary fibrosis
C) Neither
D) Both
A

D) Both

32
Q

Which of the following mechanisms of effect is characteristic to lead?
A) It causes severe vasodilation
B) It binds to the sulfhydryl group of proteins
C) It causes lipid peroxidation in the membrane of erythrocytes and lysosomes
D) It is incorporated instead of sulphur in amino acids and proteins thus inhibiting sulfhydyl-disulphide conversions

A

B) It binds to the sulfhydryl group of proteins

33
Q

Pair the mycotoxins with the organs that they primarily damage in the indicated animal species (in brackets). Some organs can be used more than once

Aflatoxin (all spp)
Ochratoxin (Su)
Fumonisin (Eq)
Ergoline alkaloids (Eq, Ov)
Fumonisin (Su)
Zearalenone (Su)
T-2 toxin (all spp.)
Satratoxin (Eq)
A 
Aflatoxin (all spp): Liver
Ochratoxin (Su): Urinary tract
Fumonisin (Eq): Nervous system
Ergoline alkaloids (Eq, Ov): Nervous system
Fumonisin (Su): Lung
Zearalenone (Su): Reproductive organs
T-2 toxin (all spp.): Reproductive organs
Satratoxin (Eq): Gastrointestinal tract
34
Q 
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of nitrate-nitrite poisonins?
A) Methylene blue
B) Both
C) ACE inhibitors
D) Neither
A

A) Methylene blue

35
Q

What is characteristic to phenoxyacetic acid derivatives?
A) Neither
B) They are insecticides with stronger hormonal effect than auxins
C) They can alter the taste of poisonous weeds
D) Both

A

C) They can alter the taste of poisonous weeds

36
Q 
Which type of accumulation is characteristic of organophosphates?
A) Accumulation in the food chain
B) Chemical accumulation
C) Biological accumulation
D) Physical accumulation
A

C) Biological accumulation

37
Q 
Which of the following is an insecticide carbamate?
A) Lindane
B) Propoxur
C) Diazinon
D) Amitraz
A

B) Propoxur

38
Q

Fill the sentences below based on the figure:

Vitamin K is responsible for the activation of the following coagulation factors:

A

2, 7, 9 and 10

39
Q 
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by amphibians?
A) Atropine
B) Both
C) Neither
D) Benzodiazepines
A

B) Both

40
Q 
What are the main pathological findings in chlorine gas toxicosis?
A) Ulcerative stomatitis
B) Both
C) Neither
D) The corpse has rotten egg odour
A

C) Neither

Toxicology (1 decks)

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