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lab animals and bioethics > past Q > Flashcards

past Q Flashcards

1
Q

This gland is not a specific pheromone producer gland:

a) Hamster’s hip gland
b) Gerbil’s umbilical gland
c) Dog’s cicumanal gland
d) Rabbit’s face gland

A

Rabbit’s face gland

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2
Q

Which is not a method for genetic quality control of lab animals?

a) Biomedical markers
b) Skin transplantation
c) SSLP (micro-satellite)
d) Back gross breeding

A

Back gross breeding

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3
Q

Drawback of preference tests:

A

Animals choose in the base of sort term conditions

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4
Q

Which measurement is used to express energy requirement of laboratory animals?

A

Metabolic body weight

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5
Q

Sentinels are:

A

animals used to evaluate a group’s health status

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6
Q

Which method would you use to get 1mL of blood from a rat?

A

Cardiac puncture

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7
Q

You cannot buy this type of diet from a commercial supplier:

a) Liquid diet
b) Commercial pellet
c) Chemically defined diet
d) Gel

A

Chemically defined diet

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8
Q

Not α2-agonist:

a) Xylazine
b) Tolmetine
c) Detomidine
d) Romofidine

A

Tolmetine

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9
Q

NOT inherited disease of rat:

a) Hypo-acidosis
b) Deaf
c) Diabetes
d) Obesity

A

Hypo-acidosis

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10
Q

The basic method of rodent phenotyping is to look for:

A

Chromasoma test

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11
Q

NOT part of refinement of animal experimentation:

a) Health status
b) Genetic homogeneity
c) Alternatives to animal use
d) Proper defined diet

A

Alternatives to animal use

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12
Q

Which animals are covered by 63/2010 EEC directive?

A

Vertebrates and cephalipodes

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13
Q

GLP NOT concerned about conditions under which laboratory:

a) Studies are planned
b) Are build
c) Research are preformed
d) Studies are recorded and reported

A

Are build

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14
Q

Which species can die after oral penicillin treatment?

A

Guinea pig

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15
Q

One of them is an important mechanism of nutrigenomics:

A

Changing the signalling pathway

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16
Q

Acute toxicity test has an invasiveness category of __ pain:

A

Severe

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17
Q

Maintenance energy requirements of laboratory animals:

A

0.45MJ DE x W0.75

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18
Q

This disease is NOT a zoonosis:

a) Ringtail
b) Lymphatic choriomeningitis of mice
c) Salmonellosis
d) Listeriosis

A

Ringtail

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19
Q

The recommended nutrient allowances:

A

Ensure the reproduction and longevity of the animals

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20
Q

CANNOT be stage of mouse genital and urinary syndrome:

a) Ulceration
b) Bacteraemia
c) Inflammation
d) Mating overload

A

Ulceration

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21
Q

Quarantine period not determined by:

a) Health status of animals
b) Species
c) Purpose of use
d) Number of animals

A

Number of animals

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22
Q

Which species has a tied skin, so we CANNOT grab it without causing pain to the animal?

A

Guinea pig

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23
Q

NOT physical euthanasia method:

a) Maceration
b) T-61 (Embutramid)
c) Cervical dislocation
d) Decapitation

A

Maceration

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24
Q

Which species is not a member of Rodentia genus?

a) Golden hamster
b) Marmoset
c) Gerbil
d) Guinea pig

A

Marmoset

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25
Q

OECD do NOT deal questions about:

a) Validation of in vitro methods
b) GLP
c) Co-ordination of toxicological databases
d) Validation of national laws

A

Validation of in vitro methods

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26
Q

Gerbil is a good model for:

A

Epilepsy aorta

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27
Q

The animal CANNOT be examined with ultrasound:

a) Dog
b) Rabbit
c) Guinea pig
d) Golden hamster

A

Golden hamster (can hear ultrasound)

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28
Q

NOT true for chronic mycoplasmosis of mice:

a) 12-18 day old puppies are most disposed
b) Agent is Mycoplasma pulmonis
c) Zoonosis
d) Can appear with Sendai virus

A

Zoonosis

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29
Q

The closes species to Syrian hamster in taxonomy is:

A

Gerbil

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30
Q

Good species to use for auditory research:

A

Chinchilla

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31
Q

Breeding technique which is NOT used to maintain an out-bred stock:

a) Random breeding
b) Brother-sister mating
c) MAI
d) Cross-breeding

A

Brother-sister mating

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32
Q 
A contaminated breeding colony (line) should be: (?)
Euthanized
Put under negative pressure cabin
Treated by antibiotics
Individually marked
A

?

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33
Q

In reproductive toxicology, NOT acceptable treatment:

a) Used only for parents before mating
b) Between implantation and foetogenesis
c) Between foetogenesis and parturition
d) From parent before mating till separation from dam

A

Used only for parents before mating (?)

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34
Q

It can be used for intra-dermal injection:

A

Mice ear

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35
Q

Pasteurella pneumotropica does not attack:

a) Brain
b) Uterus
c) Prostate
d) Lung

A

Brain

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36
Q

Environmental enrichment should NOT be done:

a) With the sense of animals
b) For the benefit of the animals
c) Just for human fun
d) With some unpredictability

A

Just for human fun

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37
Q

How would you restrain a gerbil?

A

Hand around the chest

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38
Q

Who will decide on institute level if an animal experiment was necessary or not?

A

Ethical committee (Animal Welfare Body)

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39
Q

It is NOT a zoonosis:

a) Salmonellosis
b) Hantaan virus disease
c) Sendai virus disease
d) Lymphocytic-ChorioMeningitis (LCM)

A

Sendai virus disease

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40
Q

This female embryo in a rat will achieve breeding maturity (M=Month):

A

1M

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41
Q

The basic method of rodent sexing is to look for:

A

Ano-genital diseases

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42
Q

The recommended nutrient allowances:

A

Ensure the optimum functioning of the animals

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43
Q

Maintenance energy requirements of laboratory animals and for extrapolation of dosage use:

A

W 0.75

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44
Q

The main body of Laboratory Animal Science of the World:

A

CLAS

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45
Q

The closest species to Syrian hamster in taxonomy is:

A

Gerbil

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46
Q

What ‘Environmental Enrichment’ means in laboratory?

A

To give bedding material or toys to experiment animal if possible

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47
Q

Feeding rancid feed and/or vitamin E deficient feed may cause:

A

Dermatitis

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48
Q

Zebra danio (fish) is:

A

Omnivore

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49
Q

It is an alternative use of animals in experiments:

A

Database search and meta-analysis

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50
Q

Sub-cutaneous injury has a severity category of __ pain:

A

Minor

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51
Q

Which 3 words called the 3Rs by Russel and Burch?

A

Reduction, Replacement, Refinement

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52
Q

It is NOT true about euthanasia:

a) Can be used to get large amount of blood out of an animal
b) Must be performed by researcher or other trained person
c) Should be used if an animal would suffer in an experiment (this was marked as correct…)
c) Should be planned in experimental protocol

A

Can be used to get large amount of blood out of an animal

53
Q

What does knock-out animal mean?

A

Transgenic animal

54
Q

Which method would you use to get a drop of blood from mice?

A

Retro-orbital puncture

((Google:
Retro-orbital bleeding should be performed as a terminal procedure. It should only be used with recovery in rare circumstances with exceptional scientific justification (e.g. where a large blood volume is necessary or where peripheral veins are used for dosing), because of its potential impact on animal welfare))

55
Q

Which name indicates an outbred stock?

A

NMRI

56
Q

You cannot use this method for euthanasia on rat:

a) Decapitation
b) Ketamine
c) Cervical dislocation with weight limit
d) CO2

A

Ketamine

57
Q

What is the best equipment to maintain a transgenic colony in?

A

Base colony in different countries

58
Q

Which species has only provoked (stimulated) ovulation?

A

Ferret

59
Q

What does the expression ‘inbred strain’ mean:

A

Brother-sister mating through at least 20 generations

60
Q

Which species is the best in atherosclerosis research?

A

WHHL- Rabbit (Think this is correct)

Notes - Gerbil

61
Q

You can find a ‘sacculus rotundus or ampulla ilei’ in the:

A

Rabbit

62
Q

This gland is a specific pheromone producer gland:

A

Hamster’s lateral gland

63
Q

Which species has a gallbladder?

A

Golden hamster

64
Q

What does SPF mean?

A

Specific Pathogen Free

65
Q

How would you restrain a rat for per-oral dosing?

A

By grabbing the skin on back and neck

66
Q

Which sentence is NOT true about ‘Environmental Enrichment’?

a) Device in case that animal can control
b) All possibilities should be done to improve animal’s well-being what the experiment allows
c) Always should be evaluated on cross-benefit base
d) A nest material is an example for that

A

Device in case that animal can control

67
Q

Gnotobiotic (=Axenic) animals:

A

Germ free

68
Q

What does rederivation mean?

A

Production of germ-free strain by embryo transfer

69
Q

In the practice, it is not possible to produce germ-free colony from this species:

a) Rabbit
b) Rat
c) Golden hamster
d) Duck

A

Duck

70
Q

Which would be the best feeding regime in an experiment?

A

Ad libitum

71
Q

What is well-being?

A

State of physiological and psychological harmony of the animal with its internal and external environment

72
Q

Which vein can be used for IV injection on ferret?

A

Jugular vein

73
Q

How would you restrain a rabbit?

A

By grabbing as much skin as possible on back

74
Q

You cannot use this method for euthanasia on new-born, nest-living animals:

a) Cutting the neck
b) CO2 inhalation
c) Cervical dislocation
d) Electric stunning

A

CO2 inhalation

75
Q

Which method would you use you get 10mL of blood from an adult rat?

A

Preparation of abdominal aorta

76
Q

Which mouse strain is sensitive to Pneumocystis carini?

A

Swiss

77
Q

Which is not necessary before transport of rodent?

a) Fasting
b) Clinical examination
c) Ear printing
d) Acclimatisation

A

Fasting

78
Q

When this phenomenon disappears, the narcosis ends with death:

A

Cornea reflex

79
Q

It is NOT true about euthanasia:

a) Should be cheap
b) Should achieve rapid unconciseness and death
c) Should be safe for user
d) Should be simple to administer

A

Should be cheap

80
Q

One is NOT true about the co-isogenic strains:

a) The name contains the strain/sub-strain and the symbol of the mutant gene
b) The new gene is the product of natural maturation
c) It can only be maintained in a homozygous form
d) The co-isogenic strain only differs by only one gene from the original one

A

It can only be maintained in a homozygous form

81
Q

Dog is not a good model for:

a) Epilepsy
b) Tumour-cancer research
c) Leptospirosis
d) Cardiovascular atherosclerosis

A

Cardiovascular atherosclerosis

82
Q

Mini-pig has a live weight of:

A

20-45 kg

83
Q

Experimental design cannot be:

a) Cross-breeding
b) Cross-over design
c) Latin square design
d) Factorial design

A

Cross-breeding

84
Q

The basal circadian rhythm is:

A

Dependent from the gene expression of a protein

85
Q

Melatonin is produced by:

A

Pineal gland

86
Q

This species mostly used in viral respiratory research:

A

Ferrets

87
Q

A chronic stress can cause this type of behaviour:

A

Apathy / Agression

88
Q 
Well-being CANNOT be measured by: (more than one correct answer)
Clinical assessment
Physiological parameters
Grimace score
Reproductive state
A

?Reproductive state and grimace score?

89
Q

Which environment is good for animals?

A

Classical music

90
Q

Which tissue is the least sensitive to suffering?

A

Brain tissue

91
Q

The naked mole rat has an extra=ordinary long life-span because of: (multiple choice)

A

Special hyaluronan which prevents cancer

92
Q

The co-efficient on inbreeding (F): (multiple choice)

A

Means the fraction of the genes that get fixed in a homozygous state

93
Q

It is inherited disease of some mouse strains:

A

Deafness

94
Q

Which is a member of Pox viridae?

A

Ectomelia virus

95
Q

Ringtail is caused by:

A

Too low relative humidity

96
Q

NOT part of refinement of animal experimentation:

a) Health status
b) Hair colour
c) Analgesia
d) Environmental enrichment

A

Hair colour

97
Q

The hearing range of rodents:

A

0.5 / 1 - 100 / 120 kHz

98
Q

Which species has 1 pair teats?

A

Guinea pig

99
Q

Which species has a ‘peg’ (double incisors) teeth?

A

Rabbit

100
Q

The two important words for animals concerning the pain feeling (Weiss-trail):

A

Predictability and controllability

101
Q

Mouse pox is:

A

Caused by Ectomelia

102
Q

It is not a physical euthanasia method:

a) Cooling in refrigerator
b) T-61
c) Cervical dislocation
d) Decapacitation

A

Coooling in refrigerator

103
Q

The African clawed frog (Xenopus):

A

Shows mating behaviour after hCG injection

104
Q

The axolotl is NOT:

a) Capable of regenerating lost limbs completely
b) Carnivorous
c) Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis
d) Has a ling lifespan (8-10 years)

A

Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis

105
Q

Laboratory animals – except the guinea pig – usually adjust their feed intake to satisfy their:

A

Energy requirement

106
Q

Which species can die after oral antibiotic treatment?

A

Guinea pig and rabbit

107
Q

The role of PPAR is to:

A

Burn fats

108
Q

One of the following has NO anti-cancer effect:

a) Iron
b) Resveratrol
c) CLA
d) Green tea

A

Iron

109
Q

One of them is an important mechanism of epigenomics:

A

Methylation of DNA

110
Q

Zebrafish has a life-span of __year:

A

6-8

3-5 years according to internet

111
Q

One of them has NO role in epigenomics:

a) Histon acetylation
b) Sulfurization
c) DNA-methylation
d) Change of base in DNA

A

Change of base in DNA

112
Q

The role of __ is a fine regulation of the protein synthesis in the cell:

A

miRNA / siRNA

113
Q

In some cases the epigenetic changes may be inherited:

A

If the effect(s) acts during the germ-cell proliferation (‘time window’)

114
Q

You can find neoteny at:

A

Axolotl

(Google: Neoteny is defined as the retention of conspicuously juvenile characteristics into adulthood, and it is most evident in the axolotl’s prominent gills and fins, which most other amphibians lose in their adult stage.)

115
Q

Pheromones are detected by:

A

VNO (vomeronasal organ)

116
Q

One is true about the ferret:

A

We can prevent the constant estrus by using GnRH agonist implants

117
Q

The cephalopods:

A

Are under the protection of the 2010/63/EU Directive since 2013

118
Q

Always consider using F1 hybrid because:

A

Neither

(Neither their biological response is more variable than the parental strains nor their biological response
is more uniform than the parental strains)

119
Q

One of the statements is true (outbreeding):

A

Animals in an outbred stock are anisogenic (not similar genotypes)

120
Q

A chromorhnydachyrrhea:

A

Vitamin A deficiency

121
Q

It can go through the uteral wall: (2 right answers)

A

Mouse mammary tumour

LCM (Lymphocytic choriomeningitis)

122
Q

Carbohydrate ingestion:

A

Stimulate the fatty acid synthase gene expression

123
Q

May increase the mitochondria number:

A

Resveratrol

(Google: a polyphenol compound found in certain plants and in red wine that has antioxidant properties and has been investigated for possible anti-carcinogenic effects.)

124
Q

The most used model for drug metabolism study for humans:

A

Macaco (a monkey)

125
Q

Describe the naked mole rat as an animal model.

A
  • Have a gene which conserves collagen.
  • Do not age.
  • Do not get tumours.
  • Life-span of 20-30 years.
  • Complex social system and hierarchy.
  • Best model for aging and cancer studies
126
Q

Explain the pain scoring system for Glires.

Describe the evaluation of the Glires pain categories

A
  • 0 points = None
  • 1 point = Mild
  • 2 points = Moderate
  • 3 points = Severe
  • Based on appearance, behaviour, pulse, appetite/drinking, cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous
    systems.
  • 0-4 = Normal
  • 5-9 = Needs analgesia
  • 10-14 = Moderate pain, possible need to terminate trial
  • 15-20 = Not physiological, stop experiment!
127
Q

Explain the epigenetics’ mechanism of action

A
  • Modifications e.g. Methylation, histone acetylation, which protect DNA and modify which genes are
    expressed or silenced.
  • Do not change the genome itself
  • May be inherited
  • Influenced by outside stimuli e.g. nutritional status
128
Q

Give the meaning of the pyramid conception with examples.

Shortly describe the pyramid conception, with examples.

A
  • Computer – Synthetize compounds
  • Bacteria – Test for teratogenicity
  • Cell culture – Eliminate harmful compounds
  • Invertebrates
  • Fish
  • Mammals
  • Non-human primates
  • Humans (can be more steps in between)

lab animals and bioethics (1 decks)

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