past Q Flashcards
This gland is not a specific pheromone producer gland:
a) Hamster’s hip gland
b) Gerbil’s umbilical gland
c) Dog’s cicumanal gland
d) Rabbit’s face gland
Rabbit’s face gland
Which is not a method for genetic quality control of lab animals?
a) Biomedical markers
b) Skin transplantation
c) SSLP (micro-satellite)
d) Back gross breeding
Back gross breeding
Drawback of preference tests:
Animals choose in the base of sort term conditions
Which measurement is used to express energy requirement of laboratory animals?
Metabolic body weight
Sentinels are:
animals used to evaluate a group’s health status
Which method would you use to get 1mL of blood from a rat?
Cardiac puncture
You cannot buy this type of diet from a commercial supplier:
a) Liquid diet
b) Commercial pellet
c) Chemically defined diet
d) Gel
Chemically defined diet
Not α2-agonist:
a) Xylazine
b) Tolmetine
c) Detomidine
d) Romofidine
Tolmetine
NOT inherited disease of rat:
a) Hypo-acidosis
b) Deaf
c) Diabetes
d) Obesity
Hypo-acidosis
The basic method of rodent phenotyping is to look for:
Chromasoma test
NOT part of refinement of animal experimentation:
a) Health status
b) Genetic homogeneity
c) Alternatives to animal use
d) Proper defined diet
Alternatives to animal use
Which animals are covered by 63/2010 EEC directive?
Vertebrates and cephalipodes
GLP NOT concerned about conditions under which laboratory:
a) Studies are planned
b) Are build
c) Research are preformed
d) Studies are recorded and reported
Are build
Which species can die after oral penicillin treatment?
Guinea pig
One of them is an important mechanism of nutrigenomics:
Changing the signalling pathway
Acute toxicity test has an invasiveness category of __ pain:
Severe
Maintenance energy requirements of laboratory animals:
0.45MJ DE x W0.75
This disease is NOT a zoonosis:
a) Ringtail
b) Lymphatic choriomeningitis of mice
c) Salmonellosis
d) Listeriosis
Ringtail
The recommended nutrient allowances:
Ensure the reproduction and longevity of the animals
CANNOT be stage of mouse genital and urinary syndrome:
a) Ulceration
b) Bacteraemia
c) Inflammation
d) Mating overload
Ulceration
Quarantine period not determined by:
a) Health status of animals
b) Species
c) Purpose of use
d) Number of animals
Number of animals
Which species has a tied skin, so we CANNOT grab it without causing pain to the animal?
Guinea pig
NOT physical euthanasia method:
a) Maceration
b) T-61 (Embutramid)
c) Cervical dislocation
d) Decapitation
Maceration
Which species is not a member of Rodentia genus?
a) Golden hamster
b) Marmoset
c) Gerbil
d) Guinea pig
Marmoset
OECD do NOT deal questions about:
a) Validation of in vitro methods
b) GLP
c) Co-ordination of toxicological databases
d) Validation of national laws
Validation of in vitro methods
Gerbil is a good model for:
Epilepsy aorta
The animal CANNOT be examined with ultrasound:
a) Dog
b) Rabbit
c) Guinea pig
d) Golden hamster
Golden hamster (can hear ultrasound)
NOT true for chronic mycoplasmosis of mice:
a) 12-18 day old puppies are most disposed
b) Agent is Mycoplasma pulmonis
c) Zoonosis
d) Can appear with Sendai virus
Zoonosis
The closes species to Syrian hamster in taxonomy is:
Gerbil
Good species to use for auditory research:
Chinchilla
Breeding technique which is NOT used to maintain an out-bred stock:
a) Random breeding
b) Brother-sister mating
c) MAI
d) Cross-breeding
Brother-sister mating
A contaminated breeding colony (line) should be: (?) Euthanized Put under negative pressure cabin Treated by antibiotics Individually marked
?
In reproductive toxicology, NOT acceptable treatment:
a) Used only for parents before mating
b) Between implantation and foetogenesis
c) Between foetogenesis and parturition
d) From parent before mating till separation from dam
Used only for parents before mating (?)
It can be used for intra-dermal injection:
Mice ear
Pasteurella pneumotropica does not attack:
a) Brain
b) Uterus
c) Prostate
d) Lung
Brain
Environmental enrichment should NOT be done:
a) With the sense of animals
b) For the benefit of the animals
c) Just for human fun
d) With some unpredictability
Just for human fun
How would you restrain a gerbil?
Hand around the chest
Who will decide on institute level if an animal experiment was necessary or not?
Ethical committee (Animal Welfare Body)
It is NOT a zoonosis:
a) Salmonellosis
b) Hantaan virus disease
c) Sendai virus disease
d) Lymphocytic-ChorioMeningitis (LCM)
Sendai virus disease
This female embryo in a rat will achieve breeding maturity (M=Month):
1M
The basic method of rodent sexing is to look for:
Ano-genital diseases
The recommended nutrient allowances:
Ensure the optimum functioning of the animals
Maintenance energy requirements of laboratory animals and for extrapolation of dosage use:
W 0.75
The main body of Laboratory Animal Science of the World:
CLAS
The closest species to Syrian hamster in taxonomy is:
Gerbil
What ‘Environmental Enrichment’ means in laboratory?
To give bedding material or toys to experiment animal if possible
Feeding rancid feed and/or vitamin E deficient feed may cause:
Dermatitis
Zebra danio (fish) is:
Omnivore
It is an alternative use of animals in experiments:
Database search and meta-analysis
Sub-cutaneous injury has a severity category of __ pain:
Minor
Which 3 words called the 3Rs by Russel and Burch?
Reduction, Replacement, Refinement
It is NOT true about euthanasia:
a) Can be used to get large amount of blood out of an animal
b) Must be performed by researcher or other trained person
c) Should be used if an animal would suffer in an experiment (this was marked as correct…)
c) Should be planned in experimental protocol
Can be used to get large amount of blood out of an animal
What does knock-out animal mean?
Transgenic animal
Which method would you use to get a drop of blood from mice?
Retro-orbital puncture
((Google:
Retro-orbital bleeding should be performed as a terminal procedure. It should only be used with recovery in rare circumstances with exceptional scientific justification (e.g. where a large blood volume is necessary or where peripheral veins are used for dosing), because of its potential impact on animal welfare))
Which name indicates an outbred stock?
NMRI
You cannot use this method for euthanasia on rat:
a) Decapitation
b) Ketamine
c) Cervical dislocation with weight limit
d) CO2
Ketamine
What is the best equipment to maintain a transgenic colony in?
Base colony in different countries
Which species has only provoked (stimulated) ovulation?
Ferret
What does the expression ‘inbred strain’ mean:
Brother-sister mating through at least 20 generations
Which species is the best in atherosclerosis research?
WHHL- Rabbit (Think this is correct)
Notes - Gerbil
You can find a ‘sacculus rotundus or ampulla ilei’ in the:
Rabbit
This gland is a specific pheromone producer gland:
Hamster’s lateral gland
Which species has a gallbladder?
Golden hamster
What does SPF mean?
Specific Pathogen Free
How would you restrain a rat for per-oral dosing?
By grabbing the skin on back and neck
Which sentence is NOT true about ‘Environmental Enrichment’?
a) Device in case that animal can control
b) All possibilities should be done to improve animal’s well-being what the experiment allows
c) Always should be evaluated on cross-benefit base
d) A nest material is an example for that
Device in case that animal can control
Gnotobiotic (=Axenic) animals:
Germ free
What does rederivation mean?
Production of germ-free strain by embryo transfer
In the practice, it is not possible to produce germ-free colony from this species:
a) Rabbit
b) Rat
c) Golden hamster
d) Duck
Duck
Which would be the best feeding regime in an experiment?
Ad libitum
What is well-being?
State of physiological and psychological harmony of the animal with its internal and external environment
Which vein can be used for IV injection on ferret?
Jugular vein
How would you restrain a rabbit?
By grabbing as much skin as possible on back
You cannot use this method for euthanasia on new-born, nest-living animals:
a) Cutting the neck
b) CO2 inhalation
c) Cervical dislocation
d) Electric stunning
CO2 inhalation
Which method would you use you get 10mL of blood from an adult rat?
Preparation of abdominal aorta
Which mouse strain is sensitive to Pneumocystis carini?
Swiss
Which is not necessary before transport of rodent?
a) Fasting
b) Clinical examination
c) Ear printing
d) Acclimatisation
Fasting
When this phenomenon disappears, the narcosis ends with death:
Cornea reflex
It is NOT true about euthanasia:
a) Should be cheap
b) Should achieve rapid unconciseness and death
c) Should be safe for user
d) Should be simple to administer
Should be cheap
One is NOT true about the co-isogenic strains:
a) The name contains the strain/sub-strain and the symbol of the mutant gene
b) The new gene is the product of natural maturation
c) It can only be maintained in a homozygous form
d) The co-isogenic strain only differs by only one gene from the original one
It can only be maintained in a homozygous form
Dog is not a good model for:
a) Epilepsy
b) Tumour-cancer research
c) Leptospirosis
d) Cardiovascular atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular atherosclerosis
Mini-pig has a live weight of:
20-45 kg
Experimental design cannot be:
a) Cross-breeding
b) Cross-over design
c) Latin square design
d) Factorial design
Cross-breeding
The basal circadian rhythm is:
Dependent from the gene expression of a protein
Melatonin is produced by:
Pineal gland
This species mostly used in viral respiratory research:
Ferrets
A chronic stress can cause this type of behaviour:
Apathy / Agression
Well-being CANNOT be measured by: (more than one correct answer) Clinical assessment Physiological parameters Grimace score Reproductive state
?Reproductive state and grimace score?
Which environment is good for animals?
Classical music
Which tissue is the least sensitive to suffering?
Brain tissue
The naked mole rat has an extra=ordinary long life-span because of: (multiple choice)
Special hyaluronan which prevents cancer
The co-efficient on inbreeding (F): (multiple choice)
Means the fraction of the genes that get fixed in a homozygous state
It is inherited disease of some mouse strains:
Deafness
Which is a member of Pox viridae?
Ectomelia virus
Ringtail is caused by:
Too low relative humidity
NOT part of refinement of animal experimentation:
a) Health status
b) Hair colour
c) Analgesia
d) Environmental enrichment
Hair colour
The hearing range of rodents:
0.5 / 1 - 100 / 120 kHz
Which species has 1 pair teats?
Guinea pig
Which species has a ‘peg’ (double incisors) teeth?
Rabbit
The two important words for animals concerning the pain feeling (Weiss-trail):
Predictability and controllability
Mouse pox is:
Caused by Ectomelia
It is not a physical euthanasia method:
a) Cooling in refrigerator
b) T-61
c) Cervical dislocation
d) Decapacitation
Coooling in refrigerator
The African clawed frog (Xenopus):
Shows mating behaviour after hCG injection
The axolotl is NOT:
a) Capable of regenerating lost limbs completely
b) Carnivorous
c) Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis
d) Has a ling lifespan (8-10 years)
Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis
Laboratory animals – except the guinea pig – usually adjust their feed intake to satisfy their:
Energy requirement
Which species can die after oral antibiotic treatment?
Guinea pig and rabbit
The role of PPAR is to:
Burn fats
One of the following has NO anti-cancer effect:
a) Iron
b) Resveratrol
c) CLA
d) Green tea
Iron
One of them is an important mechanism of epigenomics:
Methylation of DNA
Zebrafish has a life-span of __year:
6-8
3-5 years according to internet
One of them has NO role in epigenomics:
a) Histon acetylation
b) Sulfurization
c) DNA-methylation
d) Change of base in DNA
Change of base in DNA
The role of __ is a fine regulation of the protein synthesis in the cell:
miRNA / siRNA
In some cases the epigenetic changes may be inherited:
If the effect(s) acts during the germ-cell proliferation (‘time window’)
You can find neoteny at:
Axolotl
(Google: Neoteny is defined as the retention of conspicuously juvenile characteristics into adulthood, and it is most evident in the axolotl’s prominent gills and fins, which most other amphibians lose in their adult stage.)
Pheromones are detected by:
VNO (vomeronasal organ)
One is true about the ferret:
We can prevent the constant estrus by using GnRH agonist implants
The cephalopods:
Are under the protection of the 2010/63/EU Directive since 2013
Always consider using F1 hybrid because:
Neither
(Neither their biological response is more variable than the parental strains nor their biological response
is more uniform than the parental strains)
One of the statements is true (outbreeding):
Animals in an outbred stock are anisogenic (not similar genotypes)
A chromorhnydachyrrhea:
Vitamin A deficiency
It can go through the uteral wall: (2 right answers)
Mouse mammary tumour
LCM (Lymphocytic choriomeningitis)
Carbohydrate ingestion:
Stimulate the fatty acid synthase gene expression
May increase the mitochondria number:
Resveratrol
(Google: a polyphenol compound found in certain plants and in red wine that has antioxidant properties and has been investigated for possible anti-carcinogenic effects.)
The most used model for drug metabolism study for humans:
Macaco (a monkey)
Describe the naked mole rat as an animal model.
- Have a gene which conserves collagen.
- Do not age.
- Do not get tumours.
- Life-span of 20-30 years.
- Complex social system and hierarchy.
- Best model for aging and cancer studies
Explain the pain scoring system for Glires.
Describe the evaluation of the Glires pain categories
- 0 points = None
- 1 point = Mild
- 2 points = Moderate
- 3 points = Severe
- Based on appearance, behaviour, pulse, appetite/drinking, cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous
systems. - 0-4 = Normal
- 5-9 = Needs analgesia
- 10-14 = Moderate pain, possible need to terminate trial
- 15-20 = Not physiological, stop experiment!
Explain the epigenetics’ mechanism of action
- Modifications e.g. Methylation, histone acetylation, which protect DNA and modify which genes are
expressed or silenced. - Do not change the genome itself
- May be inherited
- Influenced by outside stimuli e.g. nutritional status
Give the meaning of the pyramid conception with examples.
Shortly describe the pyramid conception, with examples.
- Computer – Synthetize compounds
- Bacteria – Test for teratogenicity
- Cell culture – Eliminate harmful compounds
- Invertebrates
- Fish
- Mammals
- Non-human primates
- Humans (can be more steps in between)
