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biology topic 1&2 sl > Past Paper Topic 1 > Flashcards

Past Paper Topic 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane?

A

Lysosomes

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2
Q

Which organism has DNA located in three organelles?

A

Fern

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3
Q

When during the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

A

C ( S phase )

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4
Q

A polymer of Alpha-D-Glucose found in plants has mostly 1,4 linkages and some 1,6 linkages.
Which molecule fits this description?

A

Sugar polymers

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5
Q

In an experiment the effect of changing pH on an enzymatic reaction is tested.
Which could be a dependent variable in this experiment? :
A. Changing substrate concentration
B. Rate of formation of product
C. Variation in temperature
D. Change in pH

A

D. Change in pH

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6
Q

What was the Davson-Danielli structure superseded by?

A

Singer-Nicholson fluid mosaic model

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7
Q

Meselson and Stahl concluded experiments using isotopes ^14N and ^15N which showed that DNA Replication is semi-conservative.
What would they have observed about the distribution of isotopes in the DNA after one round of replication if DNA replication was conservative?

A

Only ^15N DNA

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8
Q 
The most abundant structural protein in the human body is found in ligaments and skin. 
What is the name of this protein? :
A. collagen 
B. Hemoglobin
C. Myoglobin 
D. Immunoglobulin
A

A. Collagen

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9
Q

A short sequence of nucleotides reads GGACAGAGCGCAGACGA.
In which type of molecule could the sequence be found? :
A. DNA molecule only
B. RNA molecule only
C. Both
D. In double-stranded DNA only

A

A. DNA molecule only

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10
Q

A child has blood group A and the father had blood group B.
Which are the possible genotypes of the mother?:
A. |A|A
B. |A|B
C. |A|

A

A. |A|A

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11
Q

What are the four different phases of meiosis?

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
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12
Q 
During which phase of the first division of meiosis can non-disjunction take place and what structure is affected by the non-disjunction?:
A. Anaphase - Chromosomes
B. Anaphase - Chromatids
C. Metaphase - Chromosomes
D. Metaphase - Chromatids
A

A. Anaphase - Chromosomes

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13
Q

What is the definition of Autotrophic?

A

An organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple ones

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14
Q

What is the definition of Heterotrophic?

A

An organism that ingests organic carbon in order to produce energy

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15
Q

What is the definition of Saprotrophic?

A

The process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion

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16
Q

What are producers?

A

Organisms that make their own food

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17
Q

What characteristic of water vapour classify it as a green house gas? :
A. It absorbs and re-emits some Long Wavelength radiation
B. It prevents short wave radiation from reaching the earths atmosphere
C. It absorbs UV radiation but does not re-emit
D. It absorbs Infra-Red radiation but doesn’t re-emit it

A

D. It absorbs Infra-red radiation but doesn’t te-emit it

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18
Q

What is depolarisation?

A

Loss of difference in charge between inside and outside of a plasma membrane

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19
Q

What is repolarisation?

A

Change in membrane potential that returns to its negative value

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20
Q

What is resting potential?

A

The electrical potential of cell when not stimulated

21
Q

What is hyperpolarisation?

A

Change in a cells membrane potential that makes it more negative (think of it as the opposite of depolarisation)

22
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

The cell transports molecules out of the cell by expelling them through an entertaining-dependent process.
(Think of exo as exit, it is things coming out of the cell)

23
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

The movement of substances into the cell

For example: the engulfing of bacterium by a phagocytic cell

24
Q 
In which blood vessel connected to the heart does blood have the lowest CO2 concentration?:
A. Pulmonary vein
B. Vena Cava
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Coronary vein
A

C. Pulmonary artery

25
Q 
Which hormone promotes the thickening of the endometrium and also inhibits the hormone that promotes the development of the docile wall into the corpus luteum?: 
A. LH
B. Progesterone
C. FSH 
D. Estrogen
A

D. Estrogen

26
Q 
What helps to keep blood flowing onwards away from the heart in an artery? :
A. Valves 
B. Elastic fibres
C. Contraction of the skeletal muscles
D. Having a wide lumen
A

C. Contraction of skeletal muscles

27
Q

Pancreatic gland cells produce and secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes.
Which organelles would you expect to be present in higher than normal amounts in such cells?:
A: free ribosomes and Golgi apparatus
B. Rough ER & lysosomes
C. Rough ER & Golgi apparatus
D. Free ribosomes & lysosomes

A

C. Rough ER & Golgi apparatus

28
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Unicellular organism

29
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

Multicellular organism

30
Q

What are nucleotides made up of?

A

Sugar, phosphate and a nitrogenous base

31
Q

What is in the fluid mosaic model?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

32
Q

How would you draw a nucleotide?

A

Circle, then a line to a house then a line to a rectangle

33
Q

What does condensation do?

A

Creates water: it is one nucleus that splits into 2 nuclei polymers

34
Q

What does hydrolysis do?

A

Hydrolysis uses water: 2 nuclei joined together to make 1 nucleus (monosaccharides into disaccharides)

35
Q

What holds DNA together?

A

The sugar phosphate backbone

36
Q

What is the difference in cell replication between meiosis and mitosis?

A

Meiosis is sex cells and mitosis is stomatic cells

37
Q

Who created cell theory?

A

Robert Hooke (came up with the idea of the three things cells must have)

38
Q

What does MRS GREN stand for?

A

M- Movement
R- Respiration
S- Sensitivity

G- Growth
R- Reproduction
E- Excretion
N- Nutrition

39
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Means maintaining relatively stable conditions inside the body

40
Q

What is paramecium an example of?

A

How unicellular organisms get nutrients through diffusion.

41
Q

Describe what happens to surface area to volume ratio as a cell gets larger?

A

The surface area to volume ratio gets smaller and so not enough material is able to cross the membrane fast enough to accommodate the increased size

42
Q

What can stem cells do?

A

Self-replicate

Aren’t fully differentiated and so can produce different cell types.

43
Q

What are embryonic and adult stem cells used for?

A

Embryonic stem cells are both stored for child in the future and used for stargardts disease

Adult stem cells are used for lukemia

44
Q

What are moral issues with embryonic and adult stem cells?

A

There aren’t any for adults as they can make the informed and understood decision where as embryonic cell removal can kill it unless only 1 or 2 are taken and embryos can’t decide for themselves

45
Q

State parts of light microscope

A 
Eye piece
Objective lenses
Nose piece
Coarse focus
Fine focus
Stage
Lamp/light
Diaphragm
46
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Size of image / actual size of object

47
Q

What are the measurements for microscropes?

A

1 mm = 1000 micro metres = 10000000 nano metres

48
Q

Difference between prokaryote and eukaryote

A

Prokaryote: no nucleus, simple, no membrane bound organelles, unicellular

Eukaryote: nucleus, more complex, membrane bound organelles, multicellular

biology topic 1&2 sl (2 decks)

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