Past paper Qs

Question 1

Paper 2 specimen
In the context of place, explain the meaning of ‘endogenous factors’ and ‘exogenous
factors’.

Answer 1

Endogenous factors are those that originate internally.They might include aspects of site or land on which the place is built such as the height, relief, and drainage, availability of water, soil quality, and other resources.* They also include the demographic and economic characteristics of the area as well as aspects of the built environment and
infrastructure .
* Exogenous factors are those that originate externally.They include links to or influences from other places. They might include aspects of the situation or position of the place such as distances from and routeways to other places, and the
accessibility of the place. Relationships with other places are shown by the movement or flow
of different things across space such as people, resources,
money, investment, and ideas

Question 2

Explain why an outsider perspective might give a different sense of place to an insider perspective.
june 2018 paper 2

Answer 2

An insider perspective often means you live in the place, whereas
an outsider perspective may mean that it is a place you have never
visited. An outsider perspective may mean you live in a place, but you feel you don’t belong for example a recent immigrant who doesn’t
understand the culture (1) so this means may feel excluded from
that place
 An outsider perspective may mean that your sense of place comes
from media representations such as TV programmes This
means that your sense of place is determined by the programme
makers for example you may think that the East End of London
is like Eastenders, high crime rates and large markets on every
day
An outsider perspective may develop because some groups of
people feel excluded (1) for example Traveller groups who live on
the edge of a rural village (1) are sometimes made to feel
unwelcome when the village residents try to have them evicted. The villagers themselves may feel that they have a real sense of
community which will be very different to how the travellers feel

Question 3

Outline how geospatial data can be used to present place characteristics.
[4 marks]

Answer 3

Data collected in the field has location information tied to it such
as latitude and longitude co-ordinates (1). This can then be used
in a GIS programme to plot the location of the data (d) (1). For
example, environmental quality survey results can be shown to
see how it changes across a town (d) (1).
* GIS systems such as ArcGIS display geospatial data and can be
used to show how place characteristics change across an area
(1). For example, numbers of unemployed people could be
presented as proportional circles on top of a base-map (1). This
makes it clear to see how unemployment changes across a given
area and can be related to other characteristics such as land-use
(d) (1).
* Geotagged information such as geotagged tweets can be used to
look at place characteristics (1). For example, insider and
outsider perspectives on place characteristics could be gathered
by using hashtags and geotags (d) (1).
* Quantitative data can be geo-located and then can be used to
show change in place characteristics across different wards (1).
For example, the Index of Multiple deprivation measures
deprivation according to small areas (LSOAs) and so can be
mapped to show how deprivation changes (d) (1).

Question 4

Explain how exogenous factors contribute to the character of a place
[4]

Answer 4

Exogenous factors are those which have an external cause or origin
(1). For example, links to other places, routeways connecting places
or policies made by external forces (1).
* Exogenous factors often represent the flow of different things across
space such as flows of people, money, or ideas (1).
* Exogenous factors such as flows of people change the character of
places (1) for example, large numbers of South Asian migrants in
Manchester have created the Curry Mile in Rusholme (1) (d). The
character of the area is now dominated by curry restaurants, colourful
sari shops and supermarkets selling exotic vegetables with many
different languages being spoken (1) (d).
* Relationships with other places can shape the character of a place (1)
for example Helford Passage in Cornwall has many links with London
as wealthy London residents have brought second homes (1) (d) as a
result local services such as milk deliveries have closed down and
many homes are empty for much of the year (1) (d).
* Flows of investment into city centres by chain stores is also an
exogenous factor (1) this causes homogenisation of town centres,
meaning they lose individual character (1) (d)