Past paper corrections histopath Flashcards
What enzyme is associated with Paget’s disease, osteoclasts resorption?
alkaline phosphatase
What is the most common cause in the UK of granulomatous destruction of the bile ducts in the liver?
primary biliary cholangitis
PBC
- intrahepatic bile ducts
- granuloma formation!! (look like boobs) and loss bile ducts
- no bile duct dilatation!!
PSC
- extrahepati and intrahepatic bile ducts
- stricture formation
- associated with IBD, particularly UC
- bile duct dilation
- associated with p-ANCA
What condition predisposes people to cholangiocarcinoma most in the UK?
primary sclerosing cholangitis
Mode of inheritance for polycystic kidney disease presenting in adults?
autosomal dominant (adults are dominant)
recessive form manifests in infancy
Anti-interferon antibody levels predict disease severity in which disease?
TB
What is the most common receptor expression in breast cancer?
Progesterone positive, estrogen positive, HER2 positive
What blister formig skin condition is characterised by suprabasal clefting of the epidermis?
Pemphigus vulgaris
-> add in notes on your phone on the difference between the two
most common type of kidney stone
calcium oxalate
What is the most common type of malignant renal cell carcinoma?
clear cell carcinoma
A 72 year old male presents to your GP surgery and complains of intermittent pain around the epigastrium. The patient looks slim with obviously loose clothing. He reports a 25 pack year smoking history. He undergoes an OGD and a biopsy of the gastric body confirms: mitotic figures, invasion of the basement membrane and signet ring cells. What is the diagnosis?
Diffuse adenocarcinoma gastric
The stomach mucosa is normally lined with which cell type? -
Simple columnar epithelium
Worldwide, what is the most common type of esophageal malignancy?
squamous cell carcinoma
What are the macroscopic findings 3 hours after a transmural myocardial infarction
it is a vsa
Symptoms in line with Wegener’s granulomatosis (nosebleeds?), c-Anca positive, proteinase 3 positive, what is the diagnosis? - GPA -
Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, what is the most specific antibody
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody
Which lung cancer associated with lung peripheries is linked to high ADH?
Small cell
Commonest histological type of primary malignant breast cancer?
invasive ductal carcinoma
What is the commonest cause of constrictive pericarditis in the developing world? -
TB
- keyword is developing world!
- developed world = viral
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults that is a glomerular pathology?
FSGS
What is the commonest cause of portal vein thrombosis? -
Cirrhosis
Intestinal metaplasia in Barrett’s (columnar-lined) oesophagus is most commonly due to the presence of which cell?
goblet cell
Palpable lymph node in the left supraclavicular fossa in a gastric cancer patient is referred to as?
virchow node
Which is the commonest glial cell in the CNS?
astrocytes
Which of the following is the inheritance of genetic haemochromatosis?
Autosomal recessive. As is Wilson’s disease! Alpha antitrypsin deficiency is autosomal dominant!
cell carcinoma
A patient with Sjogren’s syndrome has a salivary gland biopsy. What cells are the most common infiltrating cell type likely to be seen?
lymphocytes
The combination of hemangioblastomas in the cerebellum and retina, multiple and bilateral renal cell carcinomas, and cysts of the pancreas and kidneys is characteristic of what neurocutaneous syndrome
Von Hippel-Lindau disease
A 39 year old male farmer from Southern Africa has been exposed to mouldy grain during his working life. He has worsening abdominal pain and jaundice. There is a large mass in the right lobe of his liver. Biopsy of the mass reveals hepatocellular carcinoma, What extrinsic agent is likely to have played a role in the development of this tumour?
aflatoxin from aspergillus
A 50 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department unconscious, an urgent ECG is performed {ECG 2.) He had been seen in the Emergency Department one week previously and was well on discharge. An ECG was taken at the time of discharge (ECG 1.) What urgent treatment does he now require? (Cant get pic of ECGs but answer was
cardiac resynchronisation therapy)
Which of these tumours is most likely to be associated with Pseudomyxoma peritonei?
Mucinous tumour of the ovary - mucinous cystadecarcinoma
A 26 year old person had silicone breast implants inserted 2 years ago. They are now asymmetrical, and one has become much harder than before. The leaking implants are removed and sent to pathology. Which inflammatory cell is most prominent on histological examination?
Macrophage giant cell (+ t cells) - capsular contraction
Mast cell
A 42 year old male cigarette smoker presents with urinary frequency and haematuria. Cystoscopy finds an ‘exophytic fronded lesion’ which is biopsied. Histologic examination shows fibrovascular cores covered by atypical cells. No invasive malignancy is seen. No glands are seen, and no keratin production is found. Dx for this bladder tumour?
papillary urothelial carcinoma
A 64-year-old woman. with known type 2 diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and ischaemic heart disease is started on ramipril for hypertension. Two days later she is admitted with pruritus and pulmonary oedema and has the following results: Dx?
Renal artery stenosis - risk factors = diabetes, dislipidemia (history of CAD, PAD), smoking. Can present as resistant HTN, pulmonary oedema or worsening renal function after starting ace inhibitor
Ovarian mass in Japanese woman: signet ring cells:
krukenberg tumour
Which disease do you see in both MEN1 and MEN2a?
primary hyperparathyroidism,
Insulinoma. What would you find?
low FFAs
NOD2/CARD15, what is it found in?
chrons disease
What liver enzyme is raised in MI
Aspartate aminotransferase
Lady with Multiple myeloma and restrictive cardiomyopathy. What will you see on heart biopsy?
amyloid deposition
Someone with aphthous ulcers, conjunctivitis, diarrhoea & abdo pain
chrons
crest syndrome antibody?
anticentromere
antibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor are associated with what form of glomerulonephritis?
membranous
A lady is found to have cancer, and investigations show it is a ‘transitional cell’ cancer. Where has it metastasised from?
bladder
Woman over 25 years of age. In theatres you overhear a surgeon who says they have just found one of the most common ovarian tumours:
serous cystadenoma
50 year old man with Midshaft femur fracture – what would you find at the site of the break/fracture (or rather, which/what type of cancer does he have)?
chondrosarcoma!!
osteosarcoma affects distal ends of femur
Middle aged lady. Liver biopsy, loss of bile ducts and granulomas present. Which/what disease is consistent with these findings?
primary billiary cholangitis
hich vasculitis causes stenosis to the ascending (may have said external carotid?????if said external carotid Giant cell arteritis is correct)
giant cell arthritis
macroscopic findings 3 hours after MI?
normal tissue!!
also normal CK-MB
6-24 hours = loss of nuclei and necrotic cell death.
1-2 weeks = granulation tissue
weeks to months = scar tissue
pulmonary edema due to liver disease is an example of which type of cause of pulmonary edema.
decreased osmotic pressure
