Past paper 3

Question 1

What is Apache Spark?

Answer 1

distributed processing framework and programming model that helps you do machine learning, stream processing, or graph analytics using Amazon EMR clusters.

Question 2

What is Amazon EMR?

Answer 2

a web service that makes it easy for you to process and analyze vast amounts of data using applications in the Hadoop ecosystem

Question 3

What could you use you transform data into RecordIO-Protobuf format?

Answer 3

Apache Spark

Question 4

WHat is AWS Glue?

Answer 4

serverless data integration service that makes it easy to discover, prepare, and combine data for analytics, machine learning, and application development

Question 5

Can AWS Glue transform data into RecordIO-Protobuf format?

Answer 5

No it cannot

Question 6

What is AWS Step Functions?

Answer 6

a low-code visual workflow service used to orchestrate AWS services, automate business processes and build serverless applications

Question 7

What is Lambda not suited for?

Answer 7

Long -running processes such as transforming large datasets

Question 8

What is Kinesis Firehose used for?

Answer 8

capture, transform, and load streaming data into Amazon repositories

Question 9

Which Amazon repositories can Kinesis Firehose load streaming data into?

Answer 9

Amazon S3, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Elasticsearch Service and Splunk

Question 10

What type of processing should Kinesis Firehose not be used for?

Answer 10

Batch processing

Question 11

What does a VPC endpoint allow connections between?

Answer 11

a virtual private cloud (VPC) and supported services, such as SageMaker, without requiring that you use an internet gateway, NAT device, VPN connection, or AWS Direct Connect connection.

Question 12

What is an interface endpoint?

Answer 12

an elastic network interface with a private IP address from the IP address range of your subset.W

Question 13

What traffic does an interface endpoint serve?

Answer 13

traffic destined for a service that is owned by AWS or owned by an AWS customer or partner.

Question 14

What is a gateway endpoint used for?

Answer 14

used for traffic destined into either S3 or DynamoDB

Question 15

What is the AWS Key Management Service used for?

Answer 15

to create and control the cryptographic keys used to protect your data

Question 16

What is a permission boundary?

Answer 16

an advanced feature for using a managed policy to set the maximum permissions that an identity-based policy can grant an IAM entity

Question 17

What would you use to encrypt data at rest?

Answer 17

AWS Key Management Service to manage encryption keys

Question 18

How would you limit the the permissions of the root user?

Answer 18

AWS Organizations service control policy (SCP)

Question 19

How would you connect SageMaker API or to the SageMaker Runtime?

Answer 19

though an interface endpoint in your VPC.

Question 20

Define residual

Answer 20

the error between the predicted value and the observed actual value.

Question 21

When is a linear model not suitable for a problem? (residuals)

Answer 21

When the variance is not constant. (Residuals do not form a zero-centred bell-curve

Question 22

You are training a neural network and notice it is scoring highly on the training data but not the test. What do you do?

Answer 22

• Use dropout
• Use early stopping while training
• Add parameter regularization

Question 23

What is regularization?

Answer 23

a set of different techniques that lower the complexity of a neural network model during training, and thus prevent the overfitting

Question 24

What does L1 (lasso) regularization do?

Answer 24

unimportant features get weights of zero

Question 25

What does L2 (ridge) regularization do?

Answer 25

unimportant features weights are forced NEAR zero (not zero)