past paper Flashcards
Development system in a country risks the equilibrium of the environment “ explain using two fators how we can minimize the risk and to develop a countrr
- Sustainable Development: Sustainable development is a way of promoting economic growth while ensuring the preservation of the environment. It involves balancing economic, social, and environmental considerations in policy-making and decision-making processes. To achieve sustainable development, countries should prioritize the use of clean energy, promote waste reduction and recycling, and implement policies that encourage businesses to adopt sustainable practices. This will ensure that development is achieved in a way that minimizes harm to the environment**
- Environmental Regulation: Environmental regulations are laws and policies that are put in place to protect the environment from harmful activities. They can range from laws that regulate air and water pollution to policies that promote the use of renewable energy sources. Environmental regulations are important because they ensure that businesses and individuals are held accountable for their actions and are required to take measures to minimize their impact on the environment. By enforcing strong environmental regulations, countries can minimize the negative impacts of development on the environment.
Write two reason amd explain why currntly lands for paddy cilivation has increased and for the paddy production to increase
* 1: Technological Advancements*
One reason for the current increase in lands for paddy cultivation is the advancement of agricultural technologies. Technological innovations have enabled farmers to improve the productivity and efficiency of paddy cultivation. For example, the development of high-yielding rice varieties, improved irrigation systems, and precision farming techniques have contributed to increased yields per unit of land. These advancements have encouraged farmers to expand their cultivation areas to take advantage of the improved productivity and meet the growing demand for paddy.
* 2: Government Support and Incentives*
Another reason for the increase in lands for paddy cultivation is the support and incentives provided by governments. , governments implement policies and programs to encourage paddy production and support farmers.ubsidies on fertilizers, seeds, and machinery. These subsidies make it more financially viable for farmers to invest in paddy cultivation and expand their cultivated areas. governments may offer financial assistance.making it easier for them to acquire the **necessary resources for paddy production.
**
write two reasons and explain how asian countries come to forefront in ship building industry
1: Skilled Workforce
One of the reasons why Asian countries have come to the forefront in the shipbuilding industry is their abundant and skilled workforce. Asian countries, such as South Korea, China, and Japan, have made significant** investments in education and vocational training programs focused on shipbuilding. This has resulted in the development of a large pool of skilled workers
These programs offer hands-on training and technical knowledge to produce a skilled workforce capable of constructing complex vessels. Asian countries can provide a skilled labor force at relatively lower wages**
* 2: Infrastructure and Technological Capabilities
*
Another reason for the rise of Asian countries in the shipbuilding industry is their investment in infrastructure and technological capabilities. Asian nations have made substantial investments in shipyards, port facilities, and advanced technology to support efficient and large-scale shipbuilding operations.They have** established research institutes and collaborations with universities and industry experts to enhance their technological capabilitie**s
Write three reason why we should preseve energy sources and explain
1. Environmental Sustainability:
Preserving energy sources is crucial for achieving and maintaining environmental sustainability. Most traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels, contribute to air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. By preserving energy sources, we can reduce our reliance on polluting energy options and instead promote cleaner and renewable alternatives like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. Preserving energy sources helps mitigate environmental degradation, protect ecosystems, and reduce the impact of human activities on the planet.
1. Energy Security:
Preserving energy sources is essential for ensuring energy security. Many** countries heavily depend on imported energy sources, making them vulnerable to geopolitical risks, price fluctuations, and supply disruptions.** By preserving energy sources, we can reduce reliance on foreign energy imports and increase domestic energy production.
1. Economic Benefits:
Preserving energy sources offers significant economic benefits. Investing in energy conservation and efficiency measures can lead to cost savings for businesses, households, and governments. By reducing energy waste, optimizing energy use, and promoting energy-efficient technologies, we can lower energy bills, increase productivity, and stimulate economic growth. Moreover, preserving and developing renewable energy sources** create job opportunities and foster the growth of clean energy industries, contributing to employment and economic development.**
Three problems related to the usage of land in Sri Lankan agriculture are:
1. Soil Erosion:
Soil erosion is a significant issue in Sri Lankan agriculture.** Unsustainable farming practices, such as excessive tilling, deforestation, and improper water management,** contribute to soil erosion. This can lead to the loss of fertile topsoil, decreased agricultural productivity,
1. Land Degradation:
Land degradation is another problem in Sri Lankan agriculture. Intensive cultivation, overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and inadequate soil conservation practices can degrade the land over time. This results in reduced soil fertility, decreased crop yields, and long-term damage to the agricultural ecosystems.
1. Encroachment of Agricultural Land:
The encroachment of agricultural land by other sectors, such as urbanization, infrastructure development, and industrialization, poses a significant challenge for Sri Lankan agriculture. As the population grows and urban areas expand, agricultural land is often converted into non-agricultural purposes, leading to the loss of valuable farming land.
Two actions to prevent these problems of land usage in srilanka
* Promoting Sustainable Farming Practices:*
Encouraging and educating farmers about sustainable farming practices is crucial to prevent land-related issues. This** includes promoting techniques like conservation tillage, contour farming, terracing, and agroforestry, which help reduce soil erosion and improve soil health. Additionally, providing training and support to farmers on organic farming methods and the responsible use of fertilizers and pesticides can help prevent land degradation.**
** Land Use Planning and Protection:*
Implementing effective land use planning and protection measures is essential to safeguard agricultural land. This involves identifying and designating agricultural areas that are protected from conversion for non-agricultural purposes. and land use policies that prioritize the preservation of agricultural land can help prevent encroachment. Additionally,** enforcing strict regulations and penalties for illegal land conversions can deter unauthorized activities **and ensure the long-term sustainability of agricultural land.
Three problems facing Sri Lanka’s mineral-based industries at present are:
1.Limited Domestic Resources:
Sri Lanka has limited reserves of mineral resources, which poses a challenge for its mineral-based industries. The** country relies heavily on imports for many essential minerals and raw materials used in various industries**. This **dependence on imports can lead to supply chain disruptions, price fluctuations, and increased production costs **for mineral-based industries.
1. Lack of Technological Advancements:
The mineral-based industries in Sri Lanka often face the issue of inadequate technological advancements. Outdated machinery, equipment, and production processes hinder the efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness of these industries. The lack of technological advancements also limits the value addition and downstream processing of mineral resources,
1. Environmental and Social Impacts:
Mineral extraction and processing can have significant environmental and social impacts. In Sri Lanka, the mineral-based industries face challenges related to environmental degradation, including soil erosion, water pollution, and habitat destruction. Furthermore, mining activities can disrupt local communities, leading to issues such as displacement, loss of livelihoods, and conflicts over land rights.
how to solve the problems facing Sri Lanka’s mineral-based industries at present
1. Technology Upgradation and Innovation:
Encouraging technology upgradation and innovation is essential for the growth and sustainability of mineral-based industries. This can be** achieved through partnerships between industry and research institutions, providing incentives for the adoption of advanced technologies, and supporting research and development activities.** By embracing modern technologies, such as** automation, digitization, and sustainable practices**,
1. Sustainable Mining Practices and Community Engagement:
Promoting sustainable mining practices is crucial to mitigate environmental and social impacts. sri Lanka** should enforce strict regulations for responsible mining, including proper waste management, reclamation of mining sites, and protection of ecosystems.** Engaging with local communities and incorporating their concerns and aspirations into decision-making processes can help address social challenges and
Importance of diversifiation of rice releated products
1. Economic Resilience:
Diversifying rice-related products helps to reduce reliance on a single commodity,** such as raw rice, and expands the range of marketable products. This diversification can enhance economic resilience by minimizing the impact of price fluctuations and market uncertainties.** It allows farmers, processors, and exporters to explore various value-added products,
1. Value Addition and Higher Profits:
By diversifying rice-related products, value addition can be** achieved through processing and creating new products. **This opens up increased revenue for farmers, processors, and businesses involved in the rice value chain. Products like rice flour, rice bran oil, rice-based snacks, and rice-based beverages have gained popularity in recent years, offering higher value and market demand compared to raw rice.
1. Market Expansion and International Trade:
Diversifying rice-related products enables market expansion and** opens avenues for international trade. Different countries have varying demands and preferences when it comes to rice products. By diversifying the product range, including processed and value-added rice products, exporters can tap into new markets and cater to the specific needs of different consumer segments. This can enhance export opportunities, contribute to foreign exchange earnings, and strengthen the competitiveness of the rice industry in the global market.
**
) Three reasons for the decrease of coconut production recently in Sri Lanka are:
**1.Coconut diseases and pests: **Coconut trees in Sri Lanka have been affected by diseases and pests, such as coconut scale insects and coconut wilt disease. These outbreaks have resulted in a decline in coconut production as affected trees suffer from reduced yield or even die.
Climate change and extreme weather events: Sri Lanka has experienced the impacts of climate change, including irregular rainfall patterns, increased temperatures, and extreme weather events such as droughts and storms. These climatic changes can negatively affect coconut cultivation, leading to decreased productivity and the susceptibility of coconut trees to diseases.
**Aging coconut plantations: **Many coconut plantations in Sri Lanka are aging and have not been adequately replanted, leading to reduced yields and decreased productivity. As coconut trees age, their yield decreases, and they become more susceptible to pests and diseases.
method to increase the production of coconut cultivation in Sri Lanka is:
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Briefly explain two reasons for the increasing demand for the hybrid and electrical vehicles
at present
Environmental concerns: **
Growing environmental awareness and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have driven the demand for hybrid and electric vehicles.** Hybrid vehicles, which combine an internal combustion engine with an electric motor, and electric vehicles, which run solely on electricity, produce lower or zero tailpipe emissions, making them more environmentally friendly alternatives. The desire to mitigate the impact of transportation on the environment and reduce dependence on fossil fuels has led to a shift towards hybrid and electric vehicles.
Government incentives and regulations:
Governments around the world have implemented various incentives and regulations to promote the adoption of hybrid and electric vehicles. **These measures include financial incentives such as tax credits, rebates, and subsidies for purchasing electric vehicles or installing charging infrastructure. Additionally, governments have implemented stricter emission standards and fuel efficiency regulations, incentivizing automakers to develop and produce more hybrid and electric vehicle models. Such policies have not only increased consumer interest in these vehicles but have also stimulated innovation and competition in the automotive industry, leading to improved technology, longer driving ranges, **and reduced prices of hybrid and electric vehicles.
down three problems we have faced in petro - chemical industry due to the
crisis of mineral oil at present.
Increased costs:
The crisis of mineral oil can result in increased costs for the petrochemical industry.** When the price of mineral oil rises due to supply constraints, it directly impacts the cost of raw materials for petrochemical manufacturers**. This can reduce profit margins and make it challenging for companies to maintain competitive prices in the market. Higher costs can also deter investment in new projects or expansion of existing petrochemical facilities.
Increased reliance on alternative feedstocks:
In response to the crisis of mineral oil, the petrochemical industry may need to seek alternative feedstocks and raw materials. This shift to alternative feedstocks, such as renewable or bio-based sources, can present challenges in terms of technical feasibility, cost competitiveness, and scaling up production to meet industry demands
.** supply chain disruptions. **
When there is a crisis of mineral oil, the supply chain for petrochemical products can be severely impacted. Mineral oil serves as a vital feedstock for the production of a wide range of petrochemicals, including plastics, synthetic fibers, rubber, and various chemical compounds. Disruptions in the supply of mineral oil can lead to scarcity and increased prices of feedstock, affecting the entire production chain.
Two problems related to energy in the manufacturing industry are:
Energy costs and price volatility: **
The manufacturing industry is highly energy-intensive, requiring significant amounts of energy for various processes, such as heating, cooling, and powering machinery.** Rising energy costs and price volatility can pose challenges for manufacturers, affecting their operational costs and competitiveness. Fluctuations in energy prices, influenced by factors like geopolitical events, supply-demand imbalances, and changes in fuel prices, can make it difficult for manufacturers to forecast and manage their energy expenses effectively.
Environmental impact and sustainability:
The manufacturing industry is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. Traditional manufacturing processes often rely on fossil fuels, leading to carbon dioxide emissions and other pollutants. This environmental impact raises concerns regarding sustainability and climate change mitigation. Manufacturers face the challenge of transitioning to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, adopting energy-efficient technologies, and implementing sustainable practices to reduce their carbon footprint and comply with regulatory requirements.
three facts with examples to show the steps taken by the
government to uplift the Cottage Industries as a Regional development
of a country.
Financial support and subsidies: Governments often provide financial support and subsidies to promote the growth of cottage industries.** This assistance can come in the form of low-interest loans, grants, tax incentives, and subsidies for raw materials, equipment, and infrastructure. These financial measures aim to reduce the financial burden on cottage industry entrepreneurs and enable them to invest in their businesses**. For example, the government may provide loans with favorable repayment terms to artisans for purchasing new tools or expanding their production facilities.
Skill development and training programs: Governments recognize the importance of enhancing the skills and capabilities of cottage industry workers to improve productivity and product quality. They establish skill development and training programs tailored to the needs of cottage industries. These programs offer training in areas such as product design, quality control, marketing, and entrepreneurship. By equipping artisans with relevant skills, governments empower them to produce high-quality goods and access wider markets.
Market access and promotion: Governments play a crucial role in facilitating market access and promoting cottage industry products at regional and international levels. They establish marketing platforms, trade fairs, and exhibitions where cottage industry products can be showcased and marketed to a larger audience. Governments also support cottage industry clusters by creating market linkages with wholesalers, retailers, and export channels.
