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Histology II Theory > Past Exam Questions > Flashcards

Past Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Where is corpora arenacea found?

A

Pineal gland

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2
Q

Which of the following responds to vibration and rapidly changing pressure?

  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Ruffini’s corpuscles
  3. Pacinian corpuscles
  4. Krause’s end bulbs
  5. Meissner’s corpuscle
A

Pacinian corpuscles

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3
Q

Where is glucagon secreted from?

A

Alpha Cells

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4
Q

Which cell secretes surfactant?

A

Type II pneumocyte

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5
Q

Which layer is NOT present in masticatory epithelium?

  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
A

Stratum lucidum

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6
Q

What vessel is a branch of the interlobular artery?

A

Afferent arteriole

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7
Q

Which type of neuron is multipolar?

A

Motor neurons

Interneurons

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8
Q

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

Elastic Cartilage

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9
Q
A

Bowman’s Capsule

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10
Q

When looking at the spleen, what are the invaginations of the capsule into the splenic parenchyma called?

A

Trabeculae

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11
Q

Which meninx covers the brain intimately?

A

Pia Mater

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12
Q

Which cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?

A

Chromaffin cells

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13
Q

Which of the following layers comprise the skin?

  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
A

Epidermis

Dermis

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14
Q

Which of the following is the inner layer of the adrenal cortex?

  1. Chromaffin cells
  2. Zona reticularis
  3. Zona glomerulosa
  4. Zona fasciculata
  5. None of the above
A

Zona reticularis

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15
Q

Which cell type are involved in the secretion thyroglobulin?

A

Follicular cells

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16
Q

Which of the following is an element of the central nervous system?

  1. Receptors
  2. Brachial plexus
  3. Sciatic nerve
  4. Ganglia
  5. Spinal cord
A

Spinal cord

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17
Q

Where do T lymphocytes gain their immunocompetence?

A

Thymus

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18
Q

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

  1. Pigment epithelium
  2. Muller’s cells
  3. Huxley’s layer
  4. Horizontal cells
  5. Cones
A

Huxley’s layer

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19
Q

What type of glands are the ceruminous glands?

A

Apocrine sweat gland

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20
Q

What cell type secretes prolactin?

A

Lactotropic cells

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21
Q

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

A

Uvea

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22
Q

What gland in the male is homologous to the greater vestibular gland in the female?

A

Cowper’s gland

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23
Q

What are the follicular cells?

A

Granulosa cells

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24
Q

Which of the following is found in the cerebellum?

  1. Schwann cells
  2. Basket cells
  3. Ganglion
  4. Neuroglia
  5. Satellite cells
A

Basket cells

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25
Q

What is the stroma of the prostate?

A

Fibromuscular tissue

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26
Q

What are the foot processes on podocytes?

A

Pedicels

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27
Q

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

A

Collagen Fibres

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28
Q

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

A

Brush Cells

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29
Q

What is a mature gamete called?

A

Ova

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30
Q

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

A

Stratified squamous

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31
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

  1. Metabolism of bilirubin
  2. Deamination of amino acids
  3. Storage of iron
  4. Storage of copper
  5. Storage of calcium
A

Storage of Calcium

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32
Q

During a pregnancy, which hormone which maintains the corpus luteum?

A

HCG

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33
Q

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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34
Q

Which gland secretes epinephrine?

A

Adrenal gland (medulla)

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35
Q

What are microvilli called that are seen in the small intestine?

A

Striated Border

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36
Q

What are the finger like projections of mucosa that are seen in the small intestine?

A

Villi

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37
Q

What connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus?

A

Infundibulum

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38
Q

Which type of papillae on the tongue is arranged in a “V” shape on the tongue?

A

Circumvallate Papillae

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39
Q

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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40
Q

Which type of papillae on the tongue is mushroom shaped?

A

Fungiform papillae

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41
Q

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

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42
Q

What are the “straight vessels”?

A

Vasa recta

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43
Q

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

  1. Clara cell
  2. Type I pneumocyte
  3. Type II pneumocyte
  4. Dust cell
  5. Brush cell
A

Type I pneumocyte

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44
Q

Which of the following is composed of connective tissue?

  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
A

Dermis

Hypodermis

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45
Q

Which of the following cells can be classified as a basophil?

  1. Thyrotropic cell
  2. Lactotropic cells
  3. Somatotropic cells
  4. None of the above
  5. All of the above
A

Thyrotropic cell

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46
Q

Which layer consists of only a single layer of epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue?

A

Serosa

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47
Q

The reticular layer is part of which layer?

  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
A

Dermis

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48
Q

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognise?

  1. Sound
  2. Position
  3. Movement
  4. Vibration
A

Movement

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49
Q

What is the space anterior to the lens?

A

Anterior chamber

Posterior chamber

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50
Q

How many corpora cavernosa are there?

A

2

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51
Q

Where is oxytocin secreted from?

A

Neurohypophysis

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52
Q

What layer is NOT found in the gallbladder?

  1. Mucosa
  2. Muscularis mucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Adventita
  5. Serosa
A

Muscularis mucosa

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53
Q

What type of tissue lines the upper esophagus?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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54
Q

Where is the organ of Corti?

A

Cochlea

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55
Q

What is the female organ called where gametogenesis occurs?

A

Ovary

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56
Q

Which of the following is supporting cell of the central nervous system?

  1. Ganglion
  2. Perikaryon
  3. Astrocyte
  4. Nissl
  5. Terminal bouton
A

Astrocyte

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57
Q

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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58
Q

Which of the following is the most abundant sensory receptor of the skin?

  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Ruffini’s corpuscles
  3. Pacinian corpuscles
  4. Krause’s end bulbs
  5. Meissner’s corpuscle
A

Free nerve endings

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59
Q

What is a characteristic of the cells in the epidermis of the skin?

  1. Microvilli
  2. Stereocilia
  3. Cilia
  4. Keratinization
A

Keratinization

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60
Q

Which layer of the gastrointestingal tract contains the gut associated lymphatic tissue?

A

Mucosa

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61
Q

Where is renin secreted from?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

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62
Q

What are developing gametes called?

A

Oocyte

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63
Q

What is the capsule that surrounds the testes?

A

Tunica albuginea

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64
Q

Which cells secrete pepsinogen?

A

Chief Cells

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65
Q

Where are the sensory receptors for movement?

A

Semicircular canals

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66
Q

What are the gaps that occur within the myelin sheath?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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67
Q

What structure is at the angle of the liver lobule?

A

Portal Triad

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68
Q

What is the acronym for the diffuse lymphatic tissue found in the intestinal tract?

A

GALT

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69
Q

What is a group of fibers traveling together?

A

Tracts

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70
Q

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

A

Descemet’s membrane

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71
Q

Which cell type are also called C cells?

A

Parafollicular cells

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72
Q

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?

  1. Clara cell
  2. Type I pneumocyte
  3. Type II pneumocyte
  4. Dust cell
  5. Brush cell
A

Brush Cell

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73
Q

Which organ has a mucosa lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Oesophagus

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74
Q

Which contains endolymph?

  1. Scala vestibuli
  2. Scala tympani
  3. Cochlear duct
A

Cochlear duct

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75
Q

What cell type secretes ACTH?

A

Corticotropic cells

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76
Q

What type of epithelium lines the epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified

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77
Q

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?

  1. Kupffer cells
  2. Histiocyte
  3. Dust cell
  4. Langerhans cell
  5. Microglia
A

Dust Cell

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78
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands located?

A

Small Intestine

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79
Q

What are the folds of the stomach called?

A

Rugae

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80
Q

What type of epithelium lines the seminal vesicles?

A

Pseudostratified

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81
Q

Which gland secretes insulin?

A

Pancreas

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82
Q

Which type of neuron is most abundant?

A

Interneurons

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83
Q

Where is the blind spot?

A

Optic disc

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84
Q

Which is NOT part of the retina?

  1. Rods
  2. Cones
  3. Bipolar cells
  4. Ganglion cells
  5. Uvea
A

Uvea

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85
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered neuroglia?

  1. Astrocytes
  2. Ependymal cells
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Microglia
  5. Schwann cells
A

Schwann cells

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86
Q

What type of hormone is oxytocin?

A

Peptide

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87
Q

What vessel supplies blood to the glomerulus?

A

Afferent arteriole

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88
Q

Which cells are directly involved in spermatogenesis?

A

Sertoli cells

Sustentacular cells

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89
Q

Which of the following cells can be classified as a basophil?

  1. Lactotropic cells
  2. Corticotropic cells
  3. Somatotropic cells
  4. None of the above
  5. All of the above
A

Corticotropic cells

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90
Q

What vessel is formed from an aggregation of the glomerular capillaries?

A

Efferent arteriole

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91
Q

What percentage of neurons are interneurons?

A

99.9%

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92
Q

What is the cell body of a neuron called?

A

Perikaryon

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93
Q

What tissue surrounds the ovary?

A

Germinal epithelium

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94
Q

Which layer of the epidermis has cells which have keratohyaline granules?

A

Stratum granulosum

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95
Q

Which cell type is found in the parathyroid, but is not the most abundant cell type?

A

Oxyphil cell

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96
Q

Which structure is part of the uvea?

  1. Sclera
  2. Iris
  3. Ora serrata
  4. Pigmented epithelium
  5. Cornea
A

Iris

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97
Q

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?

  1. Bronchi
  2. Alveolar ducts
  3. Alveoli
  4. Alveolar sacs
  5. Respiratory bronchioles
A

Bronchi

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98
Q

What is the “cap”at the anterior portion of a spermatazoon?

A

Acrosome

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99
Q

What surrounds a nerve?

A

Epineurium

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100
Q

What vessels arise from the efferent arteriole?

A

Peritubular capillaries

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101
Q

Which of the following is the most abundant neuroglia cell?

  1. Astrocytes
  2. Ependymal cells
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Microglia
  5. Schwann cells
A

Astrocytes

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102
Q

What type of hormone is prolactin?

  1. Protein
  2. Peptide
  3. Steroid
  4. Catecholamine
  5. None of the above
A

Protein

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103
Q

What is the space posterior to the lens?

A

Vitreal cavity

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104
Q

What cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon?

A

Alpha Cells

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105
Q

What type of epithelium lines the vas deferens?

A

Pseudostratified

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106
Q

Where is mesothelium found?

A

Serosa

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107
Q

What are the pressure receptors in skin called?

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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108
Q

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

  1. Rods
  2. Cones
  3. Bipolar cells
  4. Ganglion cells
  5. Horizontal cells
A

Cones

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109
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of skin?

  1. Vitamin D production
  2. Protection from water loss
  3. Sensory reception
  4. Heat regulation
  5. All are functions of skin
A

All are functions of skin

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110
Q

What is the lymphatic tissue in the spleen called?

A

White pulp

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111
Q

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?

  1. Alveolar duct
  2. Alveoli
  3. Alveolar sac
  4. Respiratory bronchiole
  5. Terminal bronchiole
A

Terminal bronchiole

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112
Q

Which of the following responds to pain?

  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Ruffini’s corpuscles
  3. Pacinian corpuscles
  4. Krause’s end bulbs
  5. Meissner’s corpuscle
A

Free nerve endings

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113
Q

Which of the following is the outer layer of the adrenal cortex?

  1. Chromaffin cells
  2. Zona reticularis
  3. Zona glomerulosa
  4. Zona fasciculata
  5. None of the above
A

Zona glomerulosa

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114
Q

Which cell is responsible for skin pigmentation?

A

Melanocyte

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115
Q

What type of hormone is testosterone?

A

Steroid

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116
Q

In the female, what is the correct term for the production of gametes called?

A

Oogenesis

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117
Q

Which stage of the follicle is characterized by a surrounding of flattened (squamous) follicular cells?

A

Primordial Follicle

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118
Q

What is the acronym for the diffuse lymphatic tissue in the respiratory tract?

A

BALT

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119
Q

What are sensory neurons?

  1. Unipolar
  2. Pseudounipolar
  3. Bipolar
  4. Multipolar
  5. Both 1 and 2
A

Both 1 and 2

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120
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are in the vas deferens?

A

3

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121
Q

Which meninx is made of a delicate web like connective tissue?

A

Arachnoid

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122
Q

What is the connective tissue layer around the primary follicle?

A

Theca Folliculi

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123
Q

What are neurons in the retina?

A

Bipolar

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124
Q

Which region are goblet cells most numerous?

A

Large Intestine

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125
Q

What is another term for the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

Pars distalis

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126
Q

Where is somatostatin secreted from?

A

Delta cells

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127
Q

Which cell is found in the dermis?

  1. Langerhans cell
  2. Keratinocyte
  3. Melanocyte
  4. Merkel cell
  5. Fibroblast
A

Fibroblast

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128
Q

What is the central portion of a tooth called?

A

Pulp Cavity

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129
Q

Which structure is avascular?

  1. Retina
  2. Cornea
  3. Choroid
  4. Sclera
  5. Uvea
A

Cornea

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130
Q

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?

A

Organ of Corti

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131
Q

What is the outer gray matter of the brain called?

A

Cortex

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132
Q

What is the space anterior to the iris?

A

Anterior chamber

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133
Q

Where is the endocrine portion of the pancreas housed?

A

Islets of Langerhans

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134
Q

What type of tissue makes up the “Adam’s apple”?

A

Elastic Cartilage

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135
Q

Which of the following is composed of stratified squamous epithelium?

  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
A

Epidermis

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136
Q

What type of cells are found in the olfactory mucosa?

  1. Basal cells
  2. Brush cells
  3. Olfactory cells
  4. Sustentacular cells
  5. All of the above
A

All of the Above

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137
Q

Which structures are part of the portal triad?

A

Portal Vein

Hepatic Artery

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138
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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139
Q

What is the most common cell in the parathyroid gland?

A

Principal cell

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140
Q

Which one of the following are the earliest cells of spermatogenesis?

  1. Primary spermatocytes
  2. Secondary spermatocytes
  3. Spermatids
  4. Spermatozoa
  5. Spermatogonia
A

Spermatogonia

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141
Q

Which of the following clotting factors is NOT produced in the liver?

  1. Factor I
  2. Factor II
  3. Factor IV
  4. Factor IX
  5. Factor X
A

Factor IV

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142
Q

Which type of papillae on the tongue is the most abundant?

A

Filiform papillae

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143
Q

When looking at a lymph node, which term does not refer to the same region as all the others listed?

  1. Deep cortex
  2. Tertiary cortex
  3. Outer cortex
  4. Juxtamedullary cortex
  5. Paracortical zone
A

Outer Cortex

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144
Q

Where is thick skin found?

  1. Lips
  2. Over the knee
  3. Palms
  4. Breast
A

Palms

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145
Q

Which of the following responds to continuous pressure?

  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Ruffini’s corpuscles
  3. Pacinian corpuscles
  4. Krause’s end bulbs
  5. Meissner’s corpuscle
A

Ruffini’s corpuscles

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146
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

IX

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147
Q

What is the most commonly seen type of epithelium in the prostate?

A

Simple columnar

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148
Q

What provides tensile strength to a neuron?

A

Neurofilaments

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149
Q

What cells of the pancreas secrete somatostatin?

A

Delta Cells

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150
Q

What are the valves which regulates the flow of bile into the intestine?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

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151
Q

Which of the following is the CNS macrophage?

  1. Astrocytes
  2. Ependymal cells
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Microglia
  5. Schwann cells
A

Microglia

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152
Q

Where is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?

A

Small Intestine

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153
Q

Which of the following is found in the hair follicle?

  1. Henle’s layer
  2. Bipolar cells
  3. Amacrine cells
  4. Rods
  5. Ganglion cells
A

Henle’s layer

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154
Q

Which of the following is involved in the blood brain barrier?

  1. Astrocytes
  2. Ependymal cells
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Microglia
  5. Schwann cells
A

Astrocytes

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155
Q

What is the half moon shaped white area on a nail called?

A

Lunula

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156
Q

What type of tissue makes up the dermis of the skin?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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157
Q

Which follicular stage is also called an antral follicle?

A

Secondary Follicle

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158
Q

What type of tissue composes the kidney tubules?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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159
Q

Which layer contains the lining epithelium?

A

Mucosa

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160
Q

Which of the following are produced by the Sertoli cells?

  1. Inhibin
  2. Androgen binding protein
  3. Testosterone
A

Inhibin

Androgen binding protein

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161
Q

What makes up the bulk of the cornea?

A

Collagen Fibres

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162
Q

What is the connective tissue covering around the brain and spinal cord?

A

Meninges

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163
Q

What occurs cyclically in a female?

A

Ovulation

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164
Q

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

A

Basal Cells

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165
Q

What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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166
Q

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

  1. Choroid
  2. Ciliary body
  3. Iris
  4. Ora serrata
  5. Lens
A

Choroid

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167
Q

What is the correct term for cuticle?

A

Eponychium

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168
Q

What cells of the pancreas secrete insulin?

A

Beta Cells

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169
Q

Which of the following are produced by the Leydig cells?

  1. Inhibin
  2. Androgen binding protein
  3. Testosterone
A

Testosterone

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170
Q

What is underneath the nail plate?

  1. Lunula
  2. Eponychium
  3. Matrix
  4. Nail bed
  5. Root
A

Nail bed

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171
Q

Which layer contains the lamina propria?

A

Mucosa

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172
Q

What are the cells of the pineal gland called?

A

Pinealocytes

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173
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A
  1. Destruction of red blood cells
  2. Lymphocyte production
  3. Storage of blood
  4. Fetal blood cell formation
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174
Q

What are the splenic cords?

A

Cords of Billroth

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175
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

  1. Conversion of glucose into glycogen
  2. Storage of glycogen
  3. Storage of bile
  4. Storage of fat soluble vitamins
  5. Cholesterol synthesis
A

Storage of Bile

176
Q

Where is masticatory mucosa found?

A

Hard Palate

177
Q

Which of the following is found in the hair follicle?

  1. Pigment epithelium
  2. Muller’s cells
  3. Huxley’s layer
  4. Horizontal cells
  5. Cones
A

Huxley’s layer

178
Q

Which of the following is a component of the adrenal medulla?

  1. Chromaffin cells
  2. Zona reticularis
  3. Zona glomerulosa
  4. Zona fasciculata
  5. All of the above
A

Chromaffin cells

179
Q

What are interneurons?

  1. Unipolar
  2. Pseudounipolar
  3. Bipolar
  4. Multipolar
  5. Both a and b
A

Multipolar

180
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is present only in thick skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

181
Q

Where in the pancreas are islets of Langerhans most numerous?

A

Tail

182
Q

What is the outer layer of the GI tract called when it is abutting another organ?

A

Adventitia

183
Q

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

A

Iris

184
Q

What is the lymphatic capillary within a villus of the small intestine called?

A

Lacteal

185
Q

During the first week to 10 days, what is the main hormone which stimulates the growth of the follicles?

A

FSH

186
Q

What is another name for a splenic nodule?

A

Malpighian Corpsucle

187
Q

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

A

Pseudostratified Epithelium

188
Q

Which type of neuron is also called an internuncial neuron?

A

Interneurons

189
Q

Where is pancreatic polypeptide secreted from?

A

Gamma cells

190
Q

What cell type secretes growth hormone?

A

Somatotropic cells

191
Q

What is the connective tissue which surrounds the ovary?

A

Tunica albuginea

192
Q

Which cell is a also called a septal cell?

A

Type II pneumocyte

193
Q

What is the inner region of the kidney called?

A

Medulla

194
Q

What is the mature sperm cell?

A

Spermatozoa

195
Q

How many seminiferous tubules are found in each testis of an average man?

A

400-600

196
Q

How many corpus spongiosum are there?

A

1

197
Q

What are neurons in the retina?

A

Bipolar

198
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Cell bodies

199
Q

What cell type secretes LH?

A

Gonadotropic cells

200
Q

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

  1. Henle’s layer
  2. Bipolar cells
  3. Amacrine cells
  4. Rods
  5. Ganglion cells
A

Henle’s layer

201
Q

Which of the following cells can be classified as an acidophil?

  1. Gonadotropic cells
  2. Corticotropic cells
  3. Thyrotropic cells
  4. Lactotropic cells
  5. All of the above
A

Lactotropic cells

202
Q

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

  1. Bronchi
  2. Larynx
  3. Trachea
  4. Larynx
  5. Respiratory bronchioles
A

Respiratory bronchioles

203
Q

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?

A

Sustentacular Cells

204
Q

What type of hormone is estradiol?

A

Steroid

205
Q

Which cells are also called “nurse cells”?

A

Sertoli cells

Sustentacular cells

206
Q

What cell type secretes TSH?

A

Thyrotropic cells

207
Q

What does the acronym PALS stand for?

A

Periarterial lymphatic sheath

208
Q

How many layers does the retina have?

A

10

209
Q

Where is white matter?

A

Outer surface of the spinal cord

Inner portion of the brain

210
Q

All of the following are properties of neurons, except:

  1. High metabolic rate
  2. Longevity
  3. Specialized for conduction
  4. High mitotic rate
  5. Limited ability for oxygen deprivation
A

High mitotic rate

211
Q

What cell types are found in the respiratory mucosa?

A
  1. Ciliated cells
  2. Goblet cells
  3. Basal cells
  4. Brush cells
212
Q

Where are podocytes seen?

A

Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

213
Q

What is Bruch’s membrane?

  1. Ciliary body
  2. Optic disc
  3. Fovea centralis
  4. Lamina vitrea
  5. Lamina cribrosa
A

Lamina vitrea

214
Q

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

A

Canal of Schlemm

215
Q

What type of tissue lines the bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

216
Q

Which cell is a hepatic macrophage?

  1. Kupffer cells
  2. Histiocyte
  3. Dust cell
  4. Langerhans cell
  5. Microglia
A

Kupffer Cells

217
Q

Which cell is the most abundant cell in the epidermis?

  1. Langerhans cell
  2. Keratinocyte
  3. Melanocyte
  4. Merkel cell
  5. Fibroblast
A

Keratinocyte

218
Q

Which cell is a type of neuron?

  1. Basal cells
  2. Brush cells
  3. Olfactory cells
  4. Sustentacular cells
    5.
A

Olfactory Cells

219
Q

What are the receptors for vision?

A

Rods and Cones

220
Q

The papillary layer is part of which layer?

A

Dermis

221
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains dividing cells?

A

Stratum basale

222
Q

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

A

Ciliary muscle

223
Q

What cells of the pancreas secrete pancreatic polypeptide?

A

Gamma Cells

224
Q

What is the innermost layer of the GI tract called?

A

Mucosa

225
Q

What type of hormone is insulin?

A

Protein

226
Q

Which of the following is not part of the neurohypophysis?

  1. Median eminence
  2. Pars distalis
  3. Pars nervosa
  4. Infundibular stalk
  5. All of the above are part of the neurohypophysis
A

Pars distalis

227
Q

Which type of papillae on the tongue is not well developed in man?

A

Foliate Papillae

228
Q

What structure is in the middle of the hepatic lobule?

A

Central Vein

229
Q

Which gland secretes T3?

A

Thyroid

230
Q

Which of the following is composed of dense irregular connective tissue?

  1. Epidermis
  2. Reticular layer of dermis
  3. Hypodermis
A

Reticular layer of dermis

231
Q

What are the spherical structures seen in the medulla of the thymus called?

A

Hassall’s corpuscles

232
Q

Where is the ependyma found?

A

Lining ventricles

Lining spinal canal

233
Q

What is another term for a bulbourethral gland?

A

Cowper’s gland

234
Q

What is another term for the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

Pars nervosa

235
Q

What is the space between the renal pyramids called?

A

Renal Columns

236
Q

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

  1. Rods
  2. Ganglion cells
  3. Cones
  4. Pigmented epithelium
  5. Supporting cells
A

Ganglion cells

237
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains cells with no nuclei or organelles?

A

Stratum corneum

238
Q

What is the outer part of the ovary?

A

Cortex

239
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

V

240
Q

What is the name of the cellular mass for the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans

241
Q

Which contains perilymph?

  1. Scala vestibuli
  2. Scala tympani
  3. Cochlear duct
A

Scala vestibuli

Scala tympani

242
Q

What is the term for the entire lymphatic region of the spleen?

A

White Pulp

243
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered an epidermal appendage?

  1. Sweat gland
  2. Hair
  3. Hypodermis
  4. Nails
  5. Sebaceous glands
A

Hypodermis

244
Q

What is the opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum?

A

Ampulla of Vater

245
Q

What is the covering of a nerve fiber?

A

Endoneurium

246
Q

What is the space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes called?

A

Space of Disse

247
Q

Which cell is a macrophage found in the central nervous system?

A

Microglia

248
Q

What type of muscle makes up the muscularis externa in the esophagus?

A

Smooth Muscle

Striated Muscle

249
Q

What cells are sensitive to sodium concentration?

A

Macula densa

250
Q

What cell type secretes FSH?

A

Gonadotropic cells

251
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains star shaped cells?

A

Stratum spinosum

252
Q

What cell of the parathyroid gland is also called a “chief cell”?

A

Principal cell

253
Q

Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal Cells

Oxyntic Cells

254
Q

What is a characteristic of a secondary nodule?

  1. Germinal center
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Capsule
  4. Trabeculae
A

Germinal Centre

255
Q

How many neurons are in the body of man?

A

10,000,000,000 (10 to the 10th)

256
Q

What is the double layered cap on the glomerulus?

A

Bowman’s Capsule

257
Q

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?

A

Hair Cells

258
Q
A

Descening limb of Henle’s loop

259
Q

Which of the following forms myelin in the central nervous system?

  1. Astrocytes
  2. Ependymal cells
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Microglia
  5. Schwann cells
A

Oligodendrocytes

260
Q

Which of the following is the largest neuroglia cell?

  1. Astrocytes
  2. Ependymal cells
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Microglia
  5. Schwann cells
A

Astrocytes

261
Q

What is another term for the valve of Kerckring?

A

Plicae Circulares

262
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory gland?

  1. Prostate
  2. Bulbourethral gland
  3. Seminal vesicles
  4. Ductus deferens
A

Ductus deferens

263
Q

Which layer contains Meissner’s plexus?

A

Sub Mucosa

264
Q

Where is diffuse lymphatic tissue NOT found?

  1. Gastrointestinal tract
  2. Central nervous system
  3. Genito-urinary tract
  4. Respiratory tract
A

Central Nervous System

265
Q

What is a renal pyramid and its associated cortex referred to?

A

Lobe

266
Q

What is ovulated?

  1. Graffian follicle
  2. Theca folliculi
  3. Granulosa cells
  4. Zona pellucida
  5. Antrum
A

Graffian follicle

267
Q

Which of the following is a supporting cell found in the ganglia?

  1. Schwann cells
  2. Basket cells
  3. Ganglion
  4. Neuroglia
  5. Satellite cells
A

Satellite cells

268
Q

What are the basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum seen in neurons called?

A

Nissl

269
Q

What type of glands are the glands of Moll?

A

Apocrine sweat gland

270
Q

Which cell type secretes calcitonin?

A

Parafollicular cells

271
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches located?

A

Small Intestine

272
Q

Which of the following is the middle layer of the adrenal cortex?

  1. Chromaffin cells
  2. Zona reticularis
  3. Zona glomerulosa
  4. Zona fasciculata
  5. None of the above
A

Zona fasciculata

273
Q

The appearance of the antrum is a characteristic of which stage of follicular 70 development?

A

Secondary Follicle

274
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is on the surface of the skin?

A

Stratum corneum

275
Q

What is the projection of the medulla into the renal cortex called?

A

Medullary ray

276
Q

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?

A

Alveoli

277
Q

Which of the following is part of the adrenal gland?

  1. Chromaffin cells
  2. Zona reticularis
  3. Zona glomerulosa
  4. Zona fasciculata
  5. All of the above
A

All of the above

278
Q

Which structure is part of the uvea?

  1. Ora serrata
  2. Pigmented epithelium
  3. Choroid
  4. Cornea
  5. Sclera
A

Choroid

279
Q

What is another term for the mature follicle?

A

Graffian follicle

280
Q

A new miracle skin cream recently hit the beauty counters which is suppose to stimulate collagen production. Which cell is it supposedly stimulating?

  1. Langerhans cell
  2. Keratinocyte
  3. Melanocyte
  4. Merkel cell
  5. Fibroblast
A

Fibroblast

281
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

A

Zonlular fibers

282
Q

What is within the pulp cavity?

A

Dental Pulp

283
Q

What is the dura mater composed of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

284
Q

Where is the cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Subarachnoid space

285
Q

What are the large aggregates of lymphatic tissue in the ileum?

A

Peyer’s Patches

286
Q

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

A

Lamina cribrosa

287
Q

What is another term for the corpus cavernosum urethrae?

A

Corpus spongiosum

288
Q

What is an olfactory cell?

A

Bipolar neuron

289
Q

What is shown?

A

Nephron

290
Q

What structure is similar to a “bunch of grapes?

A

Alveolar sac

291
Q

What gland secretes aldosterone?

A

Adrenal gland (cortex)

292
Q

Which cell is a mechanoreceptor?

  1. Langerhans cell
  2. Keratinocyte
  3. Melanocyte
  4. Merkel cell
  5. Fibroblast
A

Merkel cell

293
Q

What is the primary cell of the intestinal epithelium of the large intestine?

A

Columnar Absorptive Cell

294
Q

What are the ducts of Bellini?

A

Collecting tubules

295
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

  1. Cholecystokinin production
  2. Bile production
  3. Detoxification
  4. Albumin production
  5. Synthesis of clotting factors
A

Cholecystokinin production

296
Q

Which gland secretes calcitonin?

A

Thyroid

297
Q

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

A

Ora serrata

298
Q

What organ is nicknamed the “master gland”

A

Pituitary Gland

299
Q

Which of the following is a receptor for fine touch which is located in mucous membranes?

  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Ruffini’s corpuscles
  3. Pacinian corpuscles
  4. Krause’s end bulbs
  5. Meissner’s corpuscle
A

Krause’s end bulbs

300
Q

What is the Malpighian corpuscle?

A

Renal corpuscle

301
Q

What is the portion of the nail which is underneath skin?

A

Root

302
Q

Where are catecholamines secreted from?

A

Chromaffin cells

303
Q

Which sensory receptor in the skin is NOT encapsulated?

  1. Ruffini endings
  2. Free nerve endings
  3. Pacinian corpuscles
  4. Meissner’s corpuscles
  5. Merkel cells
A

Free nerve endings

304
Q

Which of the following are considered to be part of the meninges?

  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia mater
  4. Both a and b
  5. All of the above
A

All of the above

305
Q

What is tissue which surrounds a nerve fascicle?

A

Perineurium

306
Q

Which of the following is composed of loose connective tissue?

  1. Epidermis
  2. Reticular layer of dermis
  3. Hypodermis
A

Hypodermis

307
Q

Which type of papillae on the tongue is the smallest?

A

Filiform Papillae

308
Q

Ovulation is triggered by a dramatic increase in which hormone?

A

LH

309
Q

Which structure leads to the collecting duct?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

310
Q

What are the spherical structures seen in some prostatic alveoli called?

A

Prostatic concretions

311
Q

What covers the visible portion of a tooth?

A

Enamel

312
Q

Which part the adrenal gland secretes sex steroids?

A

Zona reticularis

313
Q

Which structure does the proximal convoluted tubule lead to?

A

Loop of Henle

314
Q

Which part the adrenal gland secretes mineralocorticoids?

A

Zona glomerulosa

315
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

VII

316
Q

Which layer contains the muscularis mucosa?

A

Mucosa

317
Q

What is the space posterior to the iris?

A

Posterior chamber

318
Q

What is the capillary tuft of the nephron?

A

Glomerulus

319
Q

What is the functional unit of the liver?

A

Lobule

320
Q

Which gland secretes glucagon?

A

Pancreas

321
Q

What is corpora arenacea?

A

Brain sand

322
Q

Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

  1. Islets of Langerhans
  2. Alpha cells
  3. Beta cells
  4. Delta cells
  5. Acini
A

Acini

323
Q

What cell type secretes MSH?

A

Corticotropic cells

324
Q
A

Glomerulus

325
Q

Which is the largest accessory structure of the male reproductive system?

A

Prostate

326
Q

What is the primary component of myelin?

A

Lipid

327
Q

Which of the following cells can be classified as a basophil?

  1. Corticotropic cells
  2. Thyrotropic cells
  3. Gonadotropic cells
  4. None of the above
  5. All of the above
A

All of the above

328
Q

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

  1. Bowman’s membrane
  2. Substantia propria
  3. Descemet’s membrane
  4. Lamina vitrea
  5. Endothelium
A

Lamina vitrea

329
Q

Where are the splenic sinuses?

A

Red Pulp

330
Q

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

A

Fovea centralis

331
Q

What is another term for Lymphatic Nodules?

A

Lymph Follicles

332
Q

What type of gland composes the prostate?

A

Compound tubuloalveolar gland

333
Q

What are the supporting cells in the central nervous system called?

A

Neuroglia

334
Q

Which of the following is NOT made of a framework of reticular fibers?

  1. Bone marrow
  2. Lymph node
  3. Spleen
  4. Thymus
A

Thymus

335
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands NOT found?

  1. Areola
  2. External genitalia
  3. Posterior neck
  4. Axilla
  5. Circumanal region
A

Posterior neck

336
Q

What is the cell body of a neuron called?

A

Soma

337
Q

What is the classification of the pancreas?

A

Endocrine and Exocrine

338
Q
A

Ascending Limb of Henle’s Loop

339
Q

What surrounds the pulp cavity?

A

Dentin

340
Q

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

A

Elastic Cartilage

341
Q

What is the surface modification seen on the cells of the epididymis?

A

Stereocilia

342
Q

What type of hormone is epinephrine?

A

Catecholamine

343
Q

Which type of papillae on the tongue does NOT contain taste buds?

A

Filiform Papillae

344
Q

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

A

Substantia propria

345
Q

Where is insulin secreted from?

A

Beta Cells

346
Q

Where are the sensory receptors for position?

A

Saccule

Utricle

347
Q

What is a collection of cell bodies outside the CNS called?

A

Ganglion

348
Q

Which part the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids?

A

Zona fasciculata

349
Q

What type of hormone is antidiuretic hormone?

A

Peptide

350
Q

Which of the following forms myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

  1. Schwann cells
  2. Basket cells
  3. Ganglion
  4. Neuroglia
  5. Satellite cells
A

Schwann cells

351
Q

What is another term for the intestinal glands?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

352
Q

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

A

Clara Cell

353
Q

Where is gray matter?

A

Outer surface of the cerebrum and cerebellum

Inner portion of the spinal cord

354
Q

Which of the following is an encapsulated lymphatic organ?

  1. Lymph follicles
  2. White pulp
  3. Peyer’s patches
  4. Lymph node
  5. Diffuse lymphatic tissue
A

Lymph Node

355
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the male genital duct system?

  1. Rete testis
  2. Tubuli recti
  3. Seminal vesicles
  4. Ductus deferens
  5. Ductus epididymidis
A

Seminal Vesicles

356
Q

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

A

3

357
Q

What cell type makes up the mucosa of the gallbladder?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

358
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated nerve fibers

359
Q
A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

360
Q

What are the connection between the cystic duct and liver?

A

Ducts of Luschka

361
Q

Approximately how many nephrons are there in each kidney?

A

1,000,000

362
Q

Which of the following cells can be classified as a basophil?

  1. Somatotropic cells
  2. Lactotropic cells
  3. Gonadotropic cells
  4. None of the above
  5. All of the above
A

Gonadotropic cells

363
Q

Which cell is a phagocyte?

  1. Langerhans cell
  2. Keratinocyte
  3. Melanocyte
  4. Merkel cell
  5. Fibroblast
A

Langerhans cell

364
Q

Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid?

A

Parietal Cells

Oxyntic Cells

365
Q

What is the innervation of an eccrine sweat gland?

A

Cholinergic; sympathetic

366
Q

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted from?

A

Neurohypophysis

367
Q

Which structure is transparent?

  1. Choroid
  2. Ciliary body
  3. Iris
  4. Ora serrata
  5. Cornea
A

Cornea

368
Q

Which meninx is made of a dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Dura mater

369
Q

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

A

Lamina vitrea

370
Q

What is the innervation of an apocrine sweat gland?

A

Adrenergic; sympathetic

371
Q

What is within the bony labyrinth?

A

Perilymph

372
Q

When do the testes descend into the scrotum?

A

Fetal development

373
Q

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

A

Ciliary body

374
Q

Which gland secretes melatonin?

A

Pineal Gland

375
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endocrine system?

  1. Products secreted into blood
  2. Glands with ducts
  3. Secretes hormones
  4. Non localized response
  5. All of the following are characteristics of the endocrine system
A

Glands With Ducts

376
Q

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

A

Dust Cell

377
Q

What do you call the random distribution of lymphocytes that are found in the respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract?

A

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

378
Q

Which gland secretes sex steroids?

A

Adrenal gland (cortex)

379
Q

What color is keratin with Masson’s trichrome stain?

A

Red

380
Q

Which stage of the follicle is arrested in prophase?

A

Primordial Follicle

381
Q

What is the growing part of the nail?

A

Matrix

382
Q

What is the pancreatic duct?

A

Duct of Wirsung

383
Q

What is the cavity within a secondary follicle?

A

Antrum

384
Q

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?

A

Epiglottis

385
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is also called the stratum germinativum?

A

Stratum basale

386
Q

What are motor neurons?

  1. Unipolar
  2. Pseudounipolar
  3. Bipolar
  4. Multipolar
  5. Both a and b
A

Multipolar

387
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

IX

388
Q

Which cells produce testosterone?

A

Interstitial Cells

Leydig Cells

389
Q

What are most neurons in the body?

A

Multipolar

390
Q

When looking at a lymph node, where are lymphatic nodules?

A

Outer Cortex

391
Q

Which of the following is an element of the peripheral nervous system?

  1. Receptors
  2. Brachial plexus
  3. Ganglia
  4. Sciatic nerve
  5. All of the above
A

All of the above

392
Q

Which of the following is composed of epithelioreticular cells?

  1. Spleen
  2. Thymus
  3. Bone marrow
  4. Lymph node
A

Thymus

393
Q

What are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder called?

A

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

394
Q

What are mucous surface cells?

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

395
Q

Which of the following is an element of the central nervous system?

  1. Receptors
  2. Brachial plexus
  3. Brain
  4. Ganglia
  5. Sciatic nerve
A

Brain

396
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

397
Q

What are the modifications of the muscularis externa that is seen on the large intestine?

A

Teniae Coli

398
Q

Which gland secretes norepinephrine?

A

Adrenal gland (medulla)

399
Q

What are the conglomerations of gray matter deep within the cerebrum and cerebellum called?

A

Nuclei

400
Q

Which structure contains the oocyte?

A

Follicle

401
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

  1. Erythropoietin production
  2. Vitamin D modification
  3. Acid base balance
  4. Aldosterone production
  5. Renin production
A

Aldosterone production

402
Q

Which structure is part of the uvea?

  1. Ora serrata
  2. Pigmented epithelium
  3. Cornea
  4. Sclera
  5. Ciliary body
A

Ciliary body

403
Q

What is within the membranous labyrinth?

A

Endolymph

404
Q

Where are tropic hormones secreted from?

A

Adenohypophysis

405
Q

What makes up the Juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

Macula densa

406
Q

Which cranial nerve to the tongue is responsible for movement?

A

XII

407
Q

What covers the tooth that is embedded within the jaw?

A

Cementum

408
Q

What type of epithelium forms the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

409
Q

Which stage of the follicle is marked by the surrounding of flattened (squamous) follicular cells becoming cuboidal?

A

Primary Follicle

410
Q

Which of the following is found in the peripheral nervous system?

  1. Astrocytes
  2. Ependymal cells
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Microglia
  5. Schwann cells
A

Schwann cells

411
Q

Which of the following is a receptor for fine touch which is located in the dermis?

  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Ruffini’s corpuscles
  3. Pacinian corpuscles
  4. Krause’s end bulbs
  5. Meissner’s corpuscle
A

Meissner’s corpuscle

412
Q
A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

413
Q

Which of the following cells can be classified as an acidophil?

  1. Corticotropic cells
  2. Thyrotropic cells
  3. Gonadotropic cells
  4. None of the above
  5. All of the above
A

None of the above

414
Q

What is another term for the brush border?

A

Striated Border

415
Q

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

416
Q

What is the inner part of the ovary?

A

Medulla

417
Q

What is the space called that is located at the portal canal between the hepatocytes and connective tissue?

A

Space of Mall

418
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

Capillary Tuft

419
Q

Which layer contains Auerbach’s plexus?

A

Muscularis Externa

420
Q

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?

A

Respiratory Bronchiole

421
Q

Which of the following is not part of the adenohypophysis?

  1. Pars intermedia
  2. Pars tuberalis
  3. Pars distalis
  4. Pars nervosa
  5. All of the above are part of the adenohypophysis
A

Pars nervosa

422
Q

What is the acidophilic glycoprotein coat which surrounds the oocyte?

A

Zona Pellucida

423
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

  1. Receptor cells
  2. Neurons
  3. Pigmented epithelium
  4. Ciliary body
  5. Supporting cells
A

Ciliary body

424
Q

Which gland secretes cortisol?

A

Adrenal gland (cortex)

425
Q

What is the end of an axon called?

A

Terminal bouton

426
Q
A

Collecting Duct

427
Q

Which of the following lines the ventricles?

  1. Astrocytes
  2. Ependymal cells
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Microglia
  5. Schwann cells
A

Ependymal cells

428
Q

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract contains the gut associated lymphatic tissue?

A

Mucosa

429
Q

Which of the following is true?

  1. There is one corpus cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum
  2. There is one corpus cavernosa and two corpora spongiosum
  3. There are two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum
  4. There are two corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosum
  5. There are four corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosum
A

There are two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum

430
Q

In what structure does blood run through between the hepatocytes?

A

Sinusoids

431
Q

Which cell is a macrophage found in the skin?

  1. Kupffer cells
  2. Histiocyte
  3. Dust cell
  4. Langerhans cell
  5. Microglia
A

Langerhans cell

432
Q

What is the surface layer of masticatory mucosa composed of?

A
  • Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
433
Q

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

A

Alveoli

434
Q

What are the alveolar pores called?

A

Pores of Kohn

435
Q

What are the localised concentrations of lymphocytes that are seen in the respiratory tract, genitourinary tract and gastrointestinal tract?

A

Lymph Follicles

Histology II Theory (1 decks)

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