Past

Question 1

prosecutors office

responsibilities

Answer 1

➾ Control and protection of legality in all fields
➾ Prosecution of crimes
➾ Protection of citizenship rights
➾ Control, supervision of legality of procedures
➾ Representation of prosecution in legal proceedings
➾ Participation in private cases
➾ Supervision of penitentiary system
➾ Order, supervise or carry out investigations

Question 2

Legal characteristics

Answer 2

Legislation
➾ defect, deficiency, characteristic:
➾ decrease significantly or prevent proper use
or
➾ decrease significantly economic or marketvalue

Question 3

Burden of proof

Answer 3

injured party:
➾ damage
➾ connection between the illegal action and the damage

person causing the damage (tortfeasor):
➾ his action was not illegal or
➾ his action was not negligent

Question 4

Participants in a civilsuit

Answer 4

  court (judge/s) 
  (public prosecutor) 
  plaintiff: 
  defendant:  
  intercessor: 
  representatives

Question 5

illegal animal fights

Answer 5

 Any person involved in the organization of fights using vertebrate animals, or in making arrangements for betting or placing bets on such animal fight, is guilty of a felony.
 Any person involved in acquiring, keeping, breeding, training, domesticating or trafficking of vertebrate animals for the purpose of fights is guilty of misdemeanor.

Question 6

Defect of performance

Answer 6

The goods (e.g. animal) or service does not
comply with the legal characteristics or
with the characteristics stipulated in the
contract and the defect existed at the time
of delivery

Question 7

Breach of contract

Answer 7

any act or behaviour of the obligor (seller)
or obligee (buyer) that prevents or
encumbers the realisation of the aim of
contract or leads to any defect of the
performance

Question 8

Perjury

Answer 8

Any witness who gives false testimony before the authority concerning an essential circumstance of a case, or
suppresses evidence is guilty of perjury.
The provisions relating to perjury shall be applied to any
person who:
 a) gives false opinion as an expert or false information as a special adviser;
 b) falsely translates as an interpreter or a translator;
 c) presents a false document or manipulated physical
evidence in criminal or civil proceedings

Question 9

Violation of epidemic control regulations

Answer 9

Any person who breaches epidemiological measures introduced for the prevention of the spreading - within or across the border - of infectious animal diseases or for the eradication of such is punishable for misdemeanor.

Question 10

Common mistakes in giving an opinion

Answer 10

Common mistakes:
 not up to date methods
 definite without reason
 giving opinion in questions beyond his competence
 true statement but not justified/explained enough
 not taking into account the specialities of the
case, stereotyped
 not clear enough to everybody
(e.g. professional terms without explanation)
 not keeping the deadline (may ask for postpone)

Question 11

diagnosis avian leukosis

Answer 11

Diagnosis: age (over 6 months)

pathology
laboratory examination

(differentiation from Marek’s disease)

Question 12

diagnosis SMEDI

Answer 12

Diagnosis:
usually in young gilts (maternal immunity until 8-9
months of age)
clinical signs, laboratory examinations:
• absorbtion of foetuses,
• mumification
• less than 6 piglets
• stillbirth
• apparent infertility

Question 13

diagnosis of fowl cholera,

Answer 13

it cannot be diagnosed in live animals
patholgical findings, laboratory examination (antibiotic sensitivity
test is necessary!)

Question 14

origin derzys,

Answer 14

Origin
High rate of death: germinative infection or infection at the hatchery
Incubation period: 8-12 days
Serum on the first day at the hatchery
Isolation of the day old chickens
Vaccination of breeding flocks

Question 15

Origin of avian leucosis

Answer 15

Origin: clinical signs only in case of infection before the
age of 10 weeks
• if the animals are over 10 weeks of age at the time of
delivery:it is originated back before delivery

• if the animals are under 10 weeks of age at the time
of delivery:either germinative or contact infection
before the age of 10 weeks: epidemic investigation

Question 16

origin of equine behaviour disorders

Answer 16

origin
➾	history (witness testimonies)
➾	physical examination
➾	hypertrophied muscles, deformed hooves, worn teeth, scars
➾	repeated observation

Question 17

Origin of erysipelas

Answer 17

Origin: min. incubation period 24 hours
>7 days it cannot be originated back before delivery
1-7 days: examination of predisposing factors
(overcrowding, transport etc.)
endocarditis: min. 3 weeks

Question 18

Significance of Eq Behavioural patterns

Answer 18

Significance: affect purpose of use
➾ health damage
➾ dangerous to the environment
➾ improvement is not possible or difficult and requires long time

Question 19

significance of TRP

Answer 19

death, emergency slaughter

Question 20

Significance of parvovirus

Answer 20

Significance:
➾ in case of death
➾ treatment costs (justified expenses)

Question 21

Bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

Answer 21

 Diagnosis
 veterinary institute: bacteriology, histopathology
 disease: clinical sings, post mortem lesions
(pathology, meat inspection), isolation of M. bovis
(months!), positive intradermal tuberculin tests
 suspected of being diseased: positive intradermal
tuberculin test

Question 22

Bovine TB significance

Answer 22

Significance
 state veterinary measures: compulsory eradication
prohibition of treatment or vaccination

 diseased or infected: slaughter
 suspected of being infected: official surveillance,
movement restrictions
 free status: legal characteristic
 herd of origin: significant for the whole herd
(suspension of free status)

Question 23

Bovine brucellosis significance

Answer 23

Significance
 state veterinary measures: compulsory eradication
 prohibition of treatment or vaccination
 diseased or infected: slaughter
 suspected of being infected: official surveillance,
movement restrictions
 free status: legal characteristic
 herd of origin: significant for the whole herd
(suspension of free status)

Question 24

Bovine brucellosis origin

Answer 24

Origin:
 Thomsen-rule: the later in pregnancy the animal is
infected, the sooner it aborts
 min. 3 weeks
 positive serology: late pregnancy: 8 days
 <7th month of pregnancy: 3 weeks
 epizootic inquiry
 min. 30 day-quarantine: examination on the first
week and before release from isolation

Question 25

Forensics aspect of Parvo

Answer 25

Burden of proof:  Defect  Significance  Origin

Question 26

Parvi diagnosis

Answer 26

Diagnosis: age, clinical signs, pathology, | histopathology, laboratory confirmation

Question 27

Parvo origin

Answer 27

``` Origin: incubation period: 2-4 days  3 days: if disease+death  4 days: typical pathological lesions+regenerating enterocytes  5 days: disease within 2 days, death in spite of treatment ```

Question 28

Parvi significance

Answer 28

Significance:  in case of death  treatment costs (justified expenses)

Question 29

Distemper diagnosis

Answer 29

Diagnosis:  clinical signs (respiratory tract, mucous membranes, neurological system, skin)  pathology, histopathology, antibodies, virus antigen

Question 30

Distemper significance

Answer 30

``` Significance:  always if death  loss of olfactory acuity or hard ped disease: working dogs  neurological signs: euthanasia ```

Question 31

Hip dysplasia

Answer 31

 X-ray: age!  breeding or working animal: all stages  non-breeding animal: if clinical manifestation

Question 32

Cryptorchism

Answer 32

breeding animal: exclusion from breeding  non-breeding animal: neoplastic malformation

Question 33

Rights of warranty

Answer 33

*Repair (treatment) • Replacement • Reductuction price • Withdraw from the contract (termination of contract) May switch to other type of warranty, if damage >> compensation

Question 34

Diagnosis of Mushy Chicken Significance and origin

Answer 34

Diagnosis:  clinical signs: weak, low body weight (minus variants)  pathological findings: triad: yolk sac persistance, omphalitis, improper closing of the navel  mortality: 1-10 days  laboratory examinations: excluding other infectious and non-infectious diseases Significance  Depending on the rate of loss (2%) Origin  Death of day-old chickens under the age of 10 days can be originated back to the hatchery (or to the breeding flock)

Question 35

Origin of Fowl Cholera

Answer 35

Origin: virulent P. multocida (carrier) and predisposing factors – clinical signs within 24 hours: could be originated back before the time of delivery – after 24 hours: was there any fowl cholera outbreak at the seller during the previous 1 year (carrier state)? – has he informed the buyer about the previous outbreak? – other source of infection at the buyer (isolation, all in-all out system?) – predisposing factors (transport, force-feeding etc.)

Question 36

Significance of teeth problems in horse

Answer 36

``` alter efficient dental function  could not be treated  risky, expensive intervention or  removal of tooth: surgery  consequent GI disease ```

Question 37

Origin of Avian Leucosis

Answer 37

Origin: clinical signs only in case of infection before the age of 10 weeks • if the animals are over 10 weeks of age at the time of delivery:it is originated back before delivery • if the animals are under 10 weeks of age at the time of delivery:either germinative or contact infection before the age of 10 weeks: epidemic investigation

Question 38

Criminal offense with harmful consumer goods

Answer 38

any person who prepares or possesses any consumer goods for the purpose of distribution that is harmful to health is guilty of a misdemeanor. The person who committed the criminal offenses shall not be prosecuted if he makes every effort, upon gaining knowledge of the harmful nature of the consumer goods, to regain possession of the harmful consumer goods in question, or to prevent their being placed on the market

Question 39

Significance of Irdiocycolchorditis in horse And origin:

Answer 39

Significance:  blindness or impaired vision: visual acuity: legal characteristic ``` Origin:  chronic: 30 days  acute: – 2 days – of a primary disease (allergy: 7-8 nap) – + chronic changes ```

Question 40

Court of law

Answer 40

Structure: District courts (court of first instance) County court (court of first instance or appeal) High courts of appeal Supreme court Jurisdiction(subject) and competence (geographical area)

Question 41

Damage

Answer 41

``` material damage:  real loss (e.g. price of the animal)  unrealised profit  justified expenses (e.g. veterinary treatment, transport)  not emotional damage!!! immaterial damage: violation of someone’s personal rights (e.g. injury of reputation) ```

Question 42

Misuse of poisons

Answer 42

Any person who - without proper authorization - prepares, possesses, uses or distributes poison, or who fails to take the measures prescribed for the prevention of any illegal use of poisons or for the protection of others is guilty of a misdemeanor, insofar as the act did not result in a more serious criminal offense.

Question 43

Evidences in Civil Court

Answer 43

* With a view to ascertaining the relevant facts of a case the court shall order the taking of evidence * Means of proof shall, in particular, include testimonies, opinion of expert, inspections, documents and other physical evidence ``` Criminal procedure Evidence: • Witness testimony • Forensic expert opinion(s) • Physical evidences • Documents • Inspection ```

Question 44

Warranty

Answer 44

Objective consequence of the defective performance (without justification): on the basis of a contract in which the parties owe mutual services to one another, the obligor shall be liable to provide warranty for lack of conformity On the basis of law - the oblier(seller) is obliged to compensate - regardless that his/her behaviour was, intentional, negligent or he/she acted on good faith. 

Question 45

Liability can be excluded in case of strict/objective liability

Answer 45

``` Strict/objective liability  illegal action  damage  connection  detailed legislation! Special danger ```

Question 46

Liability for the acts of employees

Answer 46

* If an employee causes damage to a third party in connection with his employment, liability in relation to the injured person lier with the employer * Liability of the employee and the employer shall be joint and several if the damage was caused intentionally

Question 47

Erysipelas significance

Answer 47

acute case: if death | chronic case: arthritis, skin necrosis or endocarditis

Question 48

Erysipelas diagnosis

Answer 48

clinical signs, pathological findings

Question 49

SMEDI significance

Answer 49

significance: abortion or decreased litter size

Question 50

Exclusion of Liability

Answer 50

``` Exclusion:  Unavoidable external reason: – Vis major – Injured party’s unavoidable action – Third person’s unavoidable action – Unavoidable effect of other external event (e.g. animal) Time limit: 3 years ```

Question 51

general subjective liability

Answer 51

Def.: Anyone who causes damage illegally to another person must compensate him, unless he can prove that he acted as a reasonable man/prudent person would have acted in the given situation  illegal action  damage  connection  imputation

Question 52

Strict/objective liability

Answer 52

```  illegal action  damage  connection  detailed legislation! Special danger ```

Question 53

Exemption from liability

Answer 53

• Obligee (buyer) knew or should have known the defect

Question 54

Exclusion of liability

Answer 54

*may be excluded with mutual agreement ``` The exclusion is not valid: *if caused intentionally, by serious negligence, or by crime *the goods (animal) damages life, physical integrity, health *there is no proper compensation ```

Question 55

Perpetrator

Answer 55

Perpetrator is a person who actually commits a criminal act.

Question 56

Covert offender

Answer 56

Covert offender is a person who instigates the commission of an intentional offense by using a person who cannot be prosecuted for reason of minority or insanity, of for reason of acting under undue influence by coercion or duress, or under misconception.

Question 57

Coactor

Answer 57

Coactor is a person who knowingly and voluntarily participates in a criminal act jointly with others, in full knowledge of each other’s activities

Question 58

Abettor

Answer 58

Abettor is a person who intentionally persuades another person to commit a crime.

Question 59

Acomplice

Answer 59

Accomplice is a person who knowingly and voluntarily helps another person to commit a crime. The penalties applicable to parties to a crime shall also apply to accomplices.

Question 60

Veterinary professional liability

Answer 60

illegal action: - written rules of the profession: legislation, books, course notes, scientific articles,conference papers, instruction for use of pharmaceutical and vaccines - unwritten rules (ethical norms): expectations of the society and expectations of the colleagues

Question 61

May not be heard as a witness:

Answer 61

* Any person who cannot be expected to provide a correct testimony due to some physical or mental disability may not be summoned to testify * The witness, unless exempted from the obligation of confidentiality, shall not be questioned in respect of any subject that is treated as classified information. The obligation of confidentiality shall remain in force after the termination of the underlying relationship. Clergymen and churchmen on issues subject to the obligation of professional secrecy The counsels for the defence on issues which have come to their cognisance or which they have communicated to the defendant in their capacity as a counsel for the defence Who apparently cannot be expected to give correct testimony due to their physical or mental condition

Question 62

Giving testimony may be refused:

Answer 62

• by any close relative of the parties • any person whose testimony would implicate himself or his close relative referred to in the commission of crime, to the extent covered by that subject • by attorneys, doctors and other persons bound to confidentiality stemming from their profession, if their testimony would entail their having to breach the obligation of confidentiality, except if the concerned party granted an exemption from this obligation • persons bound to keep business secrets in respect of the subjects if their testimony would entail their having to breach the obligation of confidentiality. 


Question 63

Impartiality ensured by:

Answer 63

Independence of judges: not influenced or ordered Election of judges (parliment, president): diploma in law, experience and practice, clear past record Participation of the society in judgement (lay assessors) Publicity Appealable decisions

Question 64

Different forms of Breach

Answer 64

* Obligor’s delay * Obligee’s delay (late acceptance) * Impossibility of performance * Withholding performance (refuse to perform) • Defective performance (lack of conformity)

Question 65

Significance of fowl cholera

Answer 65

Significance: depending on rate of death | eggshell contamination but there is no germinative transmission

Question 66

fertility of eggs

Answer 66

```  sex-rate  age  temperature  length and intensity of lighting  infectious and non-infectious diseases  feed-toxicoses ```

Question 67

Origin Fowl Typhoid Significance diagnosis

Answer 67

Origin: death during the first 5 days could be originated back to the hatchery to the breeding flock: if the hatchery complied with the rules (marking the eggs, separate hatching) tests: blood tests, examination of dead eggs deaths after 5 days of age: epidemic investigation (isolation etc.) Diagnosis: • slide agglutination probe, • microagglutination probe at the vet institute, • bacteriology: dead eggs, day old chickens Obligatory eradication programs: blood tests Significance: infection: significant in breeding flocks disease: broiler chickens: death rate (2%) breeding flocks: germinative infection even 1 case could be significant

Question 68

criminal negligence,

Answer 68

 An act of crime is committed by criminal negligence where the perpetrator is able to anticipate the possible consequences of his conduct, but carelessly relies on their non- occurrence, or fails to foresee such possible consequences through conduct characterized by carelessness and neglectfulness.

Question 69

Significance of avian leukosis

Answer 69

``` Significance: sporadic deaths  breeding flock: germinative infection always significant (even 1 case) immuno-tolerance: life-long virus shed  table egg production: if death rate is over 2% ```

Question 70

origin of marek

Answer 70

Origin: 1. Age of susceptibiliy (10 weeks of age) 2. Routes of infection: eggshell, day-old chickens, adult poultry, equipment, persons) 3. Incubation period (1-7 months) The younger is the chicken the higher is the susceptibility High rate of diseased animals: if infection during the first days of life Infection at the hatchery: if isolation until the age of 6-8 weeks

Question 71

Diagnosis mareks

Answer 71

``` Diagnosis: age: acute form: min. 3-4 weeks of age, usually: 5-8 weeks of age chronic from (paralysis): adult animals  clinical signs  pathology, histopathology ```

Question 72

Significance of mareks

Answer 72

Significance: depending on death rate (2%) | no germinative infection

Question 73

Bovine brucellosis diagnosis

Answer 73

 Diagnosis  veterinary institute: bacteriology + 2x serology  sample: aborted foetus, placenta , blood  seropositivity: Brucella abortus (B. melitensis, B. suis)  disease: clinical signs (abortion, premature calving, retention of placenta), isolation of brucellas

Question 74

Heriditary diseases diagnosis significance origin

Answer 74

Diagnosis:  clinical, pathological, genetic examination ``` Significance:  lethal  contract  animal welfare act  ethical rules ``` Origin:  before birth

Question 75

singificance primary and secondary GI

Answer 75

Significance:  death  high veterinary costs

Question 76

Significance and origin of copd

Answer 76

Significance:  death  alter the ability of the horse to work Origin:  manifestation in clinical signs: min. 2 weeks  second heart sound is split: min. 6 weeks

Question 77

Crime with intent

Answer 77

A criminal offense is committed with intent if the person conceives a plan to achieve a certain result, or acquiesces to the consequences of his conduct.