Passover

Question 1

Galatianism

Answer 1

A heresy that insisted that in order to be truly Christian, non-Jews must be circumcised and obey the Law.

Question 2

Aphikomen

Answer 2

(afikomen)
Hebrew translations for Greek derivative, epikomios. That which comes last, the hidden Passover bread eaten at the seder.

Question 3

Ashkenazim

Answer 3

Hebrew for a cultural branch of Judaism that developed in northern and eastern Europe and from which most American Jews are descended.

Question 4

Bedikat Chametz

Answer 4

Hebrew for the formal search for leaven before Passover.

Question 5

Betzah

Answer 5

Hebrew for “egg,”symbolic hardboiled and roasted egg on the seder plate; also called Haggigah.

Question 6

Feast of Booths

Answer 6

In Hebrew, Succoth, the fifteenth day of the seventh month of the Jewish calendar; a seven-day holiday when Israel was to dwell in booths in commemoration of the wilderness wanderings.

Question 7

Chametz

Answer 7

(chometz)

Hebrew for any fermented product of grain and all leavening agents; that which makes sour.

Question 8

Charoseth

Answer 8

Hebrew for a mixture of apples, cinnamon, and nuts representing the mortar of Egypt; one of the symbolic foods on the seder plate.

Question 9

Chazereth

Answer 9

Hebrew for a whole piece of, or a whole, bitter root, usually horseradish, on the seder plate.

Question 10

Dayenu

Answer 10

Hebrew title of a Passover song meaning, “it would have been sufficient.”

Question 11

Echad

Answer 11

Hebrew for “one.”

Question 12

Feasts of Jehovah

Answer 12

The seven holidays that God commanded Israel to observe on the second day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

Question 13

Gamaliel

Answer 13

A celebrated rabbi of the early part of the first century; the teacher of the apostle Paul.

Question 14

Gentile

Answer 14

Of or pertaining to any people who are not Jewish.

Question 15

Haggadah

Answer 15

Hebrew for the book that sets forth and explains the seder service.

Question 16

Haggigah

Answer 16

Hebrew for the festival offering ; the other sacrifice offered in the Temple in addition to the Paschal lamb.

Question 17

Hallel

Answer 17

Hebrew for “praise, a prayer of praise”; Psalms 113 to 118. The Great Hallel is Psalm 136.

Question 18

Hillel

Answer 18

A famous rabbi of the time of Herod, thought to be Gamaliel’s grandfather.

Question 19

Judaize

Answer 19

To bring non-Jews to accept the obligations of rabbinical tradition. See Galatianism.

Question 20

Karpas

Answer 20

Hebrew for one of the symbolic foods on the seder plate, usually parsley or other greens.

Question 21

Kiddush

Answer 21

Hebrew for a prayer of sanctification; the blessing over the ritual cup of wine.

Question 22

Kiporah

Answer 22

Hebrew for “covering”; atonement that covers sin.

Question 23

Kitel

Answer 23

A long, white robe worn by Orthodox Jews at certain holidays and as a burial garment.

Question 24

Levites

Answer 24

The tribe of Levi; the hereditary lineage from which came the priests and others who ministered in the Temple.

Question 25

Maror

Answer 25

Hebrew for bitter, ground horseradish, one of the symbolic foods on the seder plate.

Question 26

Matzo

Answer 26

Hebrew for “without leaven”; a flat wafer of unleavened bread.

Question 27

Matzo Tash

Answer 27

Yiddish for a baglike fabric container used for the three ritual wafers of unleavened bread at the seder.

Question 28

Messiah

Answer 28

English translation of Hebrew mashiach, meaning “the anointed One of God”who was to come to fill all three offices for which one must receive anointing: prophet, priest, and king; the promised Redeemer.

Question 29

Mishnah

Answer 29

Hebrew for the collection of oral law that forms the basis of the Talmud; compiled by Judah ha-Nasi (c. AD 135 to 220).

Question 30

Mount Sinai

Answer 30

The mountain from which God gave the Law to Moses.

Question 31

Nisan

Answer 31

The first month in the Jewish calendar , also known as Abib.

Question 32

Pascha

Answer 32

Greek translation of the Hebrew pesah, meaning “Passover.”

Question 33

Passover

Answer 33

From the Hebrew pesah; the first of the seven feasts of Jehovah; the Paschal sacrifice; title may also include Feast of Unleavened Bread.

Question 34

Pentecost

Answer 34

The Feast of Weeks (Shavuot); the fiftieth day after the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread; the festival of the gathering of the first fruits of the wheat harvest.

Question 35

Pesah

Answer 35

Hebrew for the holiday of Passover; the Paschal lamb.

Question 36

Pesahim

Answer 36

Hebrew. A section of Talmudic commentary on the feast of the Passover.

Question 37

Pharisees

Answer 37

A strict religious party who were known for their zealous adherence to the teaching of the rabbis concerning the Law. Their chief doctrine was that salvation and God’s favor would come as a result of keeping the Law.

Question 38

Priests

Answer 38

Descendants of Aaron (of the tribe of Levi) who officiated at religious services in the Temple; they also served as judges, physicians, and teachers.

Question 39

Saducees

Answer 39

An ancient sect of Judaism whose views and practices were opposed to those of the Pharisees. They denied the authority of oral tradition, the resurrection of the dead, and the existence of angels.

Question 40

Sanhedrin

Answer 40

The legislative and judicial parliament supposedly descendant from the Babylonian captivity.

Question 41

Seder

Answer 41

Hebrew for “set order”; the ritual Passover meal that is observed in specific order.

Question 42

Sephardim

Answer 42

Hebrew for a cultural branch of Judaism; descendants of the Jews who fled Spain and Portugal after the Edict of Expulsion in 1492. They share a common language known as Ladino (a variant of Spanish), as opposed to northern European (Ashkenazi) Jews, who speak Yiddish (a Germanic dialect).

Question 43

Shemah

Answer 43

Hebrew for the most widely known Jewish confession of faith in one God; the first word of Deuteronomy 6: 4, from which the prayer derives its name.

Question 44

Siddur

Answer 44

Hebrew for the Jewish prayer book; the set order of prayers.

Question 45

Talmud

Answer 45

The two commentaries on the Mishnah, one produced in the Holy Land about AD 275, the other in Babylonia about AD 500; the designation for both the Mishnah and the commentaries on it (Gemara).

Question 46

Torah

Answer 46

Hebrew for the Pentateuch; the first five books of the Bible; the Law given to Moses; the scroll containing the first five books of the Bible, used in the synagogue.

Question 47

Feast of Unleavened Bread

Answer 47

The second of the seven feasts of Jehovah, which begins on the fifteenth of Nisan. Directly after the Passover, it continues for seven days. It is sometimes included in the festival of Passover, whereby the two are designated as one holiday lasting eight days. No leaven is to be eaten.

Question 48

Ur

Answer 48

An ancient Sumerian city and district in southern Babylonia by the Euphrates River; the home of Abraham.

Question 49

Yarmulke

Answer 49

A cap worn by Orthodox Jews during prayers.

Question 50

Yiddish

Answer 50

The language spoken by Jews of European ancestry; it is a dialect of old German.

Question 51

Zeroah

Answer 51

Hebrew for “arm”; in animals, “shoulder”; the shank bone on the seder plate representative of the Paschal sacrifice (occasionally a chicken neck if a lamb shank is unobtainable).