Passmedicine

Question 1

What are the 5 infectious agents that cause community acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

Answer 1

streptococcus pneumoniae (80% of cases)#
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus (after the flu)
Mycoplasma pneumonia
viruses

Question 2

characteristic features of pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 2

rapid onset
high fever
pleuritic chest pain
herpes labialis

Question 3

typical presentation of E coli

Answer 3

common amongst travellers
watery stool
abdominal cramps and nausea

Question 4

typical presentation of cholera

Answer 4

profuse, watery diarrhoea
severe dehydration resulting in weight loss
not common amongst travellers

Question 5

typical presentation of shigella

Answer 5

bloody diarrhoea

vomiting and abdominal pain

Question 6

typical presentation of staph aureus

Answer 6

severe vomiting

short incubation period

Question 7

typical presentation campylobacter

Answer 7

a flu like prodrome is usually followed by crampy abdominal pain
fever
diarrhoea which may be bloody
may mimic appendicitis 
can cause Guillian-Barre syndrome

Question 8

groups of beta haemolytic streptococci

Answer 8

A, B, D = important in humans

Question 9

beta haemolytic group A most important organism

Answer 9

strep pyogenes

Question 10

beta haemolytic group A clinical presentation

Answer 10

erysipelas, impetigo, cellulitis, type 2 necrotizing fasciitis, pharyngitis
rheumatic fever or post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (caused by immunological reactions)
scarlet fever (caused by erythrogenic toxins)

Question 11

beta haemolytic group B bacteria

Answer 11

streptococcus agalactiae

Question 12

strep agalactiae clinical presentation

Answer 12

neonatal meningitis

septicaemia

Question 13

beta haemolytic group D bacteria

Answer 13

enterococcus

Question 14

associated condition: rhinovirus

Answer 14

common cold

Question 15

associated condition: influenza virus

Answer 15

flu

Question 16

associated condition: streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 16

the most common community acquired pneumonia

Question 17

associated condition: Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 17

community acquired pneumonia
most common cause of bronchiectasis exacerbations
acute epiglottitis

Question 18

associated condition: staphylococcus aureus

Answer 18

pneumonia, particularly following influenza

Question 19

associated condition: mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 19

atypical pneumonia
flu-like symptoms precede dry cough
haemolytic anaemia
erythema multiforme

Question 20

associated condition: legionella pneumophila

Answer 20

atypical pneumonia
spread by air conditioning systems
dry cough
hypernatraemia
deranged liver function
lymphopenia

Question 21

associated condition: mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 21

causes tuberculosis
wide range of presentations
asymptomatic to disseminated disease
cough
night sweats
weight loss

Question 22

incubation period: staphylococcus aureus

Answer 22

1-6 hours

Question 23

incubation period: salmonella

Answer 23

12-48 hours

Question 24

incubation period: e coli

Answer 24

12-48 hours

Question 25

incubation period: shigella

Answer 25

48-72 hours

Question 26

incubation period: campylobacter

Answer 26

48-72 hours

Question 27

tetracycline inhibits:

Answer 27

binding tRNA

Question 28

streptomycin inhibits:

Answer 28

initiation complex

Question 29

chloramphenicol inhibits:

Answer 29

peptidyl transferase

Question 30

erythromycin inhibits:

Answer 30

translocation

Question 31

puromycin inhibits:

Answer 31

premature release