Passmedicine

Question 1

What is the action of SGLT-2 inhibitors?

Answer 1

SGLT-2 inhibitors reversibly inhibit sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) in the renal proximal convoluted tubule

Question 2

Site of action of sulfonylureas

Answer 2

-Pancreatic B cells

=gliclazide

Question 3

Site of action of ACE inhibitors

Answer 3

-Respiratory endothelium

=Ramipril

Question 4

Site of action of metformin

Answer 4

-Small intestine (decrease glucose absorption)

Question 5

What are the obesity hormones?

Answer 5

• Leptin lowers appetite

- Ghrelin gains appetite

Question 6

What is the function of ADH?

Answer 6

-Promotes water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidneys by the insertion of aquaporin-2 channels

Question 7

How does insulin decrease potassium?

Answer 7

-Stimulation of sodium/potassium ATPase pump
=translocate to membranes of skeletal muscle cells
=increased uptake of potassium into these cells
=decreased serum potassium

Question 8

What are the functions of insulin?

Answer 8

• Secreted in response to hyperglycaemia
• Glucose utilisation and glycogen synthesis
• Inhibits lipolysis
• Reduces muscle protein loss
• Increases cellular uptake of potassium (stimulation of sodium/potassium ATPase pump)