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Phase 3A > Passmed Neuro > Flashcards

Passmed Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

blood findings for neuroleptic malignancy syndrome

A

raised CK and leukocytosis (high WBC)

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2
Q

parkinson plus syndrome with postural instability, impairment of vertical gaze, parkinsonism, frontal lobe dysfunction

A

progressive supranuclear palsy

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3
Q

parkinson plus syndrome with with parkinsonism + autonomic disturbance (erectile dysfunction, postural hypotension, atonic bladder) + cerebellar signs

A

multiple system atrophy

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4
Q

Parkinson plus syndrome with spontaneous activity by an affected limb or akinetic rigidity of that limb

A

corticobasal degeneration

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5
Q

dominant hemisphere middle cerebral artery stroke presentation

A

aphasia

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6
Q

lateral medullary syndrome- artery

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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7
Q

lateral medullary syndrome presentation

A

ipsilateral ataxia, nystagmus, dysphagia, facial numbness, cranial nerve palsy with contralateral hemisensory loss. Can be caused by PICA strokes

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8
Q

lacunar infarct presentation

A

numbness with no other neurological symptoms

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9
Q

Posterior cerebral artery stroke/occipital stroke presentation

A

homonymous hemianopia with macula sparing

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10
Q

weber’s syndrome- cause and presentation

A

midbrain stroke

presents with CN3 palsy and contralateral hemiplegia/hemiparesis

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11
Q

visual field defect when a patient has urinary retention

A

pt with urinary retention may suggest diabetes insipidus due to a craniopharyngioma; this causes a lower bitemporal hemianopia

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12
Q

posterior cerebral artery/occipital lobe visual field lesion

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

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13
Q

haemorrhage which presents with lucid interval + biconvex (lentiform) on CT

A

extradural haemorrage

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14
Q

haematoma which presents long after head injury + crescent shaped lesion

A

subdural haematoma

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15
Q

migraine prophylaxis (a) first line and (b) where patient has asthma

A

(a) propanolol

(b) topiramate

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16
Q

nerve lesion which presents with weakness of finger abduction + thumb adduction + wasting of the hypothenar eminence

A

ulnar nerve injury

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17
Q

Mid shaft humeral fracture - nerve injury

A

radial nerve injury

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18
Q

nerve injury which causes wrist drop

A

radial nerve injury (mid shaft humeral fracture)

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19
Q

Klumpke’s paralysis + Horner’s syndrome - nerve injury

A

brachial trunks c8-t1

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20
Q

Arm hanging loose on side, pronated and medially rotated- nerve lesion

A

Erb’s palsy- c5-c6 lesion

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21
Q

Smith’s fracture- nerve lesion

A

median nerve

22
Q

Nerves frequently injured during axillary node clearance

A

intercostobrachial nerves (causing impaired sensation in the armpit)

23
Q

nerve lesion causing loss of extension in the fingers

A

radial nerve injury

24
Q

nerve lesion causing loss of adduction of fingers

A

ulnar nerve injury

25
Q

nerve lesion causing loss of pronation of the affected hand

A

median nerve injury

26
Q

drug class which increases the risk of IIHP

A

tetracyclines

27
Q

ocular signs of IIHP

A

third nerve palsy- eye deviated down and out

28
Q

diuretic used to reduce ICP

A

mannitol

29
Q

the most appropriate anti-emetic to prescribe for a Parkison’s patient with nausea

A

Domperidone

30
Q

anti-emetic which can make parkinsonian symptoms significantly worse

A

Metoclopramide

31
Q

imaging to view demyelinating lesions (MS)

A

MRI with contrast

32
Q

triceps reflex nerve roots

A

C7-C8

33
Q

biceps reflex nerve roots

A

C5-C6

34
Q

causes of cerebellar injury

A 
P - Posterior fossa tumour
A - Alcohol
S - Multiple sclerosis
T - Trauma
R - Rare causes
I - Inherited (e.g. Friedreich's ataxia)
E - Epilepsy treatments
S – Stroke
35
Q

tracts affected in subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord & presentation

A
  • dorsal columns (loss of proprioception and vibration)

- lateral corticospinal tract (muscle weakness and hyperreflexia)

36
Q

Presentation- lateral hemisection of the spinal cord (Brown-Sequard sundrome)

A

SAME-SIDED WEAKNESS & PROPRIOCEPTION/VIBRATION LOSS

OPPOSITE-SIDED LOSS OF PAIN/TEMPERATURE

37
Q

Hoffman’s sign

A

Demonstrates UMN lesion. offmans sign is elicited by flicking the distal phalaynx of the middle finger to cause momentary flexion. A positive result is exaggerated flexion of the terminal phalanyx of the thumb.

38
Q

level of spinal cord where injury must happen for autonomic dysreflexia to occur

A

above T6 level

39
Q

treatment for cerebral oedema in patients with brain tumours

A

Dexamethasone

40
Q

antibodies in myasthenia gravis

A

• Classically, serum acetylcholine receptor antibodies are positive in MG but if the result is negative or equivocal, anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies should be measured as these are positive in up to 70% with acetylcholine receptor sero-negative generalised myasthenia gravis

41
Q

what is syringomelia

A

a collection of CSF within the spinal cord. Presents with cape-like loss of pain and temperature sensation due to compression of the spinothalamic tract fibres decussating in the anterior white commissure of the spine

42
Q

first line treatment for myasthenia gravis

A

Pyridostigmine- long acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in the neuromuscular junction

43
Q

restless leg syndrome management

A

ropinirole (dopamine agonist)

44
Q

spinal tract lesion associated with cerebral palsy

A

pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts

45
Q

trinucleotide repeat disorder in the DMPK or ZNF9 gene

A

Myotonic dystrophy

46
Q

epilepsy medication side effect-rash

A

• Lamotrigine is associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, causes a large blistering rash throughout the body

47
Q

lumbar puncture findings for GBS

A

Raised proteins and NORMAL WCC on LP

48
Q

Important sign to monitor during GBS and why

A

Forced vital capacity is important to monitor due to the risk of respiratory failure

49
Q

Lambert Eaton syndrome vs Myasthenia Gravis

A

Lambert eaton syndrome- muscles become stronger with repetition
myasthenia- muscle fatigability is worse with repetition

50
Q

First line treatment for relapsing-remitting MS

A

Injectable beta-interferon

Phase 3A (7 decks)

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